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NextGenPower is an integrated project which aims to demonstrate new alloys and coatings in boiler, turbine and interconnecting pipework. The concept of NextGenPower is to perform innovative demonstrations that will significantly contribute to the EU target to increase the efficiency in existing and new build pulverized coal power plants.

Background

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is envisaged to be the main transition technology to comply with the CO2 reduction targets set by the European Commission.^[1] However, CCS has the drawback that the electrical efficiency of the coal-fired power plant will drop significantly. The efficiency loss caused by CCS in coal-fired power plants will range from 4 to 12% points, depending on the CCS technology chosen. To overcome this drawback, one has to increase the plant efficiency or the share of biomass co-firing. Both options are limited due to the quality of the current available coatings and materials. Live steam temperatures well in excess of 700°C are necessary to compensate the efficiency loss caused by CCS and to achieve a net efficiency of 45%. NextGenPower aims to develop and demonstrate coatings and materials that can be applied in ultra-supercritical (in excess of 700˚C) conditions.

Summary

The NextGenPower project was due to start on 1 May 2010 and have a duration of 48 months. The budget is €10.3million, with an EU contribution making up €6million of the budget.^[2]

Objectives

The following scientific and technological objectives have been defined for NextGenPower, leading to the following project activities:

Demonstrating the application of precipitation hardened Nickel-alloys for pulverized coal-fired boilers having allowable levels of creep and fatigue evolving from high temperatures envisaged with USC
Demonstrating the application of cost-effective fireside coatings, compatible with affordable and available tube alloys, for coal-fired boilers capable of withstanding the corrosive conditions envisaged with USC and the environment of biomass co-firing under different conditions
Demonstrating the application of cost-effective steam side coatings/protective layers to extend the life of boiler tube and interconnecting pipe work, and to facilitate the use of cheaper alternative materials without compromising component life or reliability
Demonstrating the application of Ni-alloys for interconnecting pipe work between boiler and steam turbine withstanding high temperatures envisaged with USC and to explore alternative design options to allow for the use of cheaper, more available materials than Ni-alloys
Demonstrating the capability to cast, forge and weld Ni-alloys for critical steam turbine components

Sub-projects

There are also four sub-projects which will be focused on throughout the course of the NextGenPower project.

Sub Project 1 – boiler

NextGenPower aims at overcoming fireside corrosion and steamside oxidation in high temperature parts through the application of suitable coatings. The main goal for Sub Project 1 is to demonstrate the benefits and limitations of materials and coatings for the fireside under biomass co-firing conditions as well as for the boiler and main steam pipework under USC and current steam conditions.

Sub Project 2 - steam turbine

The main goals for Sub Project 2 are to select the best candidate alloys for the HP and ID steam turbines operating at high steam temperatures (≥720˚C). A number of nickel-base alloys have been developed whose properties have been proven at the laboratory scale and for small-scale components. The main uncertainty in the application of these alloys for steam turbine applications is the ability to manufacture, weld and inspect large components. The performance in service presents a much smaller risk since there is confidence that the mechanical behaviour can be modelled on the basis of the material properties. This philosophy follows the approach applied in the development, demonstration and exploitation of materials technology for 700-720˚C steam turbines in other projects (AD700, COMTES, EON 50plus) where the first commercial steam turbine will enter service without prior operation in a test loop. Following alloy selection, full-scale steam turbine casings and rotor forgings will be manufactured and materials properties demonstrated through implementation of a mechanical testing programme. Full-scale demonstration of the welding technology and the NDE capability required for welded rotor and casing manufacture will also be carried out.

Sub Project 3 – integration

Sub Project 3 provides a framework for the testing and demonstration work in the overall project. It will review the expected operating parameters required for NGP plants, with and without CO2 capture technologies, and with and without biomass co-firing. The aim is to evaluate a series of NextGenPower plants with CCS systems in terms of their power generation efficiencies and CO2 emissions per unit of electricity generated.

Sub Project 4 – dissemination

The main goal for Sub Project 4 is to ensure that the generic results and results from topical activities are actively disseminated. It promotes results and approaches and encourages the duplication in other, thereby contributing to EU objectives of the CO2 reduction, efficiency improvement and security of energy supply. Another objective is to facilitate the sharing of policies, approaches and knowledge between the participants.

Participants

Aubert & Duval
Cranfield University
Doosan Babcock
E.on
Goodwin Steel Castings Ltd
Kema
Monitor Coatings
Saarschmiede
Skoda Power
TUD
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
VUZ

References

External links

[1] NextGenPower Brochure

[2] NextGenPower

[1]

[2]

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 ==Summary==
+The NextGenPower project was due to start on 1 May 2010 and have a duration of 48 months.  The budget is €10.3million, with an EU contribution making up €6million of the budget.<ref>[http://www.nextgenpower.eu/  NextGenPower]</ref>
-Brandon Christopher McCartney (born August 17, 1989), professionally known as Lil B and often known as The BasedGod, is an American rapper, record producer, author, activist and motivational speaker from Berkeley, California. Lil B has recorded both solo and with The Pack. His solo work spans several genres, including hip hop, new age, and choral. His hip-hop work in particular is often described as "based", a term also used to describe a lifestyle of positivity and tolerance. He is noted for his extensive use of social media websites such as MySpace and Twitter to build an online following.[3][4]
-Contents  [hide]
-	Music career
-.1	1989–2007: Early life and career beginnings
-.2	2009–10: Solo success, collaborations and Rain in England
-.3	2010–present: Second album
-	Musical style
-.1	Rapping technique
-	Other ventures
-.1	Record production and songwriting
-.2	Music video director
-.3	Author
-.4	Motivational speaker
-.5	Basedmoji and vegEMOJI apps
-	Public image
-.1	General
-.2	Social media
-	Personal life
-	Controversies and feuds
-.1	I'm Gay
-.2	Joe Budden
-.3	The Game
-.4	Joey Bada$$
-.5	Kevin Durant
-.6	James Harden
-	Discography
-	Filmography
-	References
-	External links
-Music career
-–2007: Early life and career beginnings
-Brandon McCartney grew up in Berkeley, California, and attended high school at Albany High in Albany. He adopted the name Lil B, and began rapping at age 16 with San Francisco Bay Area based hip hop group The Pack. After two locally successful mixtapes, at the peak of the Bay Area's hyphy movement, the group's song "Vans" became a surprise hit. The song was ranked as the fifth best of 2006 by Rolling Stone magazine.[5] The strength of "Vans" led the group to release Skateboards 2 Scrapers, featuring a "Vans" remix with Bay Area rappers Too $hort and Mistah F.A.B.. In 2007, Lil B and The Pack released its first album, Based Boys.
-–10: Solo success, collaborations and Rain in England
-On September 24, 2009 Lil B released his first digital album entitled I'm Thraxx; it was released on independent label Permanent Marks. On December 22, 2009 Lil B released his second digital album entitled 6 Kiss to critical reception.[6] On March 25, 2010 Lil B released his debut mixtape Dior Paint.[7] On April 3, 2010 Lil B officially signed to fellow artist Soulja Boy's label SODMG Entertainment.[8] On May 7, 2010 Lil B released a mixtape entitled Base World Pt. 1.[9][10] On July 5, 2010 Lil B released a collaboration mixtape with Soulja Boy entitled Pretty Boy Millionaires.[11] Lil B had recorded over 1,500 tracks as of July 2010, including hits "Like A Martian", "Wonton Soup", "Pretty Bitch", "I'm God", all of which were released for free.[12] On September 21, 2010 Lil B released his debut studio album entitled Rain in England on CD and Vinyl through Weird Forest Records; it would be met with very critical reception, though it did not chart the Billboard 100.
-In November 2010, Lil B was featured on a cover, in The FADER's 71st issue.[13]
-–present: Second album
-Lil B in 2012
-On December 29, 2010 it was announced and confirmed that Lil B apparently signed a multiple-album deal with Amalgam Digital.[14][15] On July 10, 2011 Lil B released his third digital album entitled Paint, through his label BasedWorld Records.[16][17]
-On January 18, 2011 Lil B released his fourth digital album entitled Angels Exodus, through Amalgam Digital. On April 14, 2011 Lil B announced that his next album would be entitled I'm Gay. The album's title caused mass controversy, even causing Lil B to receive death threats.[18][19][20] On June 29, 2011 Lil B released his fifth digital album entitled I'm Gay (I'm Happy), through Amalgam Digital it went on to chart, the album entered the Billboard's R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart at number 56 and the Heatseekers Albums chart at number 20 for the week of July 16, 2011.[21] In 2011 Lil B was chosen for the XXL Freshmen cover along with fellow rappers Meek Mill, Big K.R.I.T., Cyhi The Prynce, Lil Twist, Yelawolf, Fred the Godson, Mac Miller, YG, Kendrick Lamar and Diggy Simmons.[22]
-On May 17, 2012 Lil B released his first Instrumental album entitled Choices and Flowers under the alias The Basedgod. On August 11, 2012, Lil B stated on Facebook that the only official album he had released was Choices and Flowers under his alias The BasedGod, he also stated that that all other releases by him are mixtapes and that he was working on his first official studio album, and he stated that before the first Lil B album comes out he will release a rock album.[23][24] On September 16, 2012, Lil B released a rock single entitled "California Boy".[25] On December 30, 2012 Lil B released his second Instrumental album entitled Tears 4 God under the alias The Basedgod.[26]
-On December 24, 2013 Lil B released a mixtape entitled 05 Fuck Em, the mixtape contained over 101 songs.[27]
-On June 1, 2014 Lil B released a mixtape entitled Hoop Life, it would be known for containing a track entitled "Fuck KD" which was a direct diss to NBA superstar Kevin Durant.[28]
-On October 14, 2014, Lil B released the Ultimate Bitch mixtape, featuring his critically acclaimed song "No Black Person Is Ugly."[29]
-On July 19, 2015, Lil B and Chance the Rapper announced that they recorded a new collaborative album.[30]
-Musical style
-Lil B at Coachella music festival in 2011
-Lil B and music critics refer to his rapping style as "based", a word that Lil B also uses to describe a positive, tolerant lifestyle. "Based" is a reclaimed word, as described by Lil B in Complex:[31][32]
-“Based means being yourself. Not being scared of what people think about you. Not being afraid to do what you wanna do. Being positive. When I was younger, based was a negative term that meant like dopehead, or basehead. People used to make fun of me. They was like, ‘You’re based.’ They’d use it as a negative. And what I did was turn that negative into a positive. I started embracing it like, ‘Yeah, I’m based.’ I made it mine. I embedded it in my head. Based is positive.”
-Rapping technique
-Slate columnist Jonah Weiner labeled him as one of a "growing number of weird-o emcees", calling him a "brilliantly warped, post-Lil Wayne deconstructionist from the Bay Area".[33]
-Pitchfork contributor Mike Powell notes that:
-The issue isn't whether or not Lil B fans are 'indentured to the idea of ironic fulfillment,' but whether or not Lil B haters are indentured to outmoded ideas of artistic credibility. He's not making art designed to last the test of time, so holding him to the standards of timeless art is pointless. Ultimately, my take with Lil B is that he keeps the price of entry to his world so low that complaining about him is a waste of energy. He offers himself to his audience for nothing—giving him nothing shouldn't be hard. Furthermore, I don't even know what 'ironic' means in the context of Lil B. If he really didn't think that the world was a beautiful and endlessly amusing place, where does he find the energy to keep rapping about it for free?[34]
-Musical critic Willy Staley described Lil B's work as "variegated", because it ranges from critical parodies of the hip-hop genre to "half new age, half spoken word". He further notes that Lil B draws from a large variety of genres, especially those not commonly used by other rappers. In an interview with Staley, Lil B agrees with this analysis, saying, "I can do 'Swag OD' but then my favorite musical artist right now could be Antony and the Johnsons. That's the difference between me and these other rappers, and other musical artists in general."[4]
-Other ventures
-Record production and songwriting
-Lil B also produces records and song writes as well, Lil B is known for producing a majority of his own records.[35]
-Music video director
-Lil B is also known throughout his music career for directing and shooting most of his own music videos, usually leaving his own personal message in the beginning or towards the end of the video.[36]
-Author
-Takin’ Over by Imposing the Positive! is a book written by Brandon McCartney and published through Kele Publishing in 2009.[37] The book is a collection of and written in the form of e-mails and text messages, and is written in such a way that the author is e-mailing the reader. Subjects include positivity, optimism, and living what he calls a "Based Lifestyle".[38] The book was passed out in an unscripted NYU lecture on March 2012.[39] On March 30, 2013 McCartney announced that he was in the process of writing his second book.[40]
-Motivational speaker
-McCartney has given motivational lectures at several colleges, including MIT and Carnegie Mellon University.[41] They are generally focused around his personal experience in life and current events.[42] On May 28, 2015, the rapper gave at lecture at UCLA, where he touched on subjects like money, the media, technology, awareness, and love.[43]
-Basedmoji and vegEMOJI apps
-Lil B launched the "Basedmoji" app on January 16, 2015.[44][45] On January 17, 2015, Lil B released "vegEMOJI", in cooperation with vegan company "Follow Your Heart",[46][47][48] despite the fact that Lil B is not yet a vegan, he has stated that he is cutting down on his consumption of processed foods, and that he is "ashamed of eating meat".[47]
-Public image
-General
-Lil B's fans are commonly referred by him as BasedWorld or Bitch Mob.[49][50]
-Lil B has also been known for creating and popularizing the "Cooking Dance".[49][51]
-Social media
-Lil B has garnered popularity through the use of social media. He created over 125 MySpace pages for his music. [52] Lil B has also gained a lot of popularity on YouTube, having accumulated over 40 million views on his official YouTube channel.[51]
-Two popular Internet memes have been inspired by Lil B. "Thank You Based God" depicts a celebrity crying, with the caption "Thank You Based God", or its acronym "TYBG".[31] "Based God fucked my bitch" is another popular Internet meme.
-Personal life
-On January 16, 2015 Lil B's apartment building in Contra Costa County, California, caught on fire early in the morning on Thursday after an electrical fire spread through the building. Lil B and six other people were saved by 15-year-old Mateo Ysmael, who ran through the building to wake everyone up.[53][54][55][56]
-During an interview Lil B would state:
-I'm grateful to be alive. If that kid didn't come knocking on my door, it could've been so much worse than it was.
-For the 2016 U.S. presidential election, he has endorsed Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, citing his civil rights record.[57]
-Controversies and feuds
-I'm Gay
-When Lil B released his fifth album, titled I'm Gay, he received several death threats. Although he is heterosexual, he says the title is a message of support to the LGBT community. Referring to the original definition of gay, he says he is gay because he is happy.[58]
-Joe Budden
-In 2010, a number of exchanges between Lil B and Joe Budden were had over Twitter. Joe Budden had been seeming to speak mockingly about Lil B's "Based" movement and his tweets, to which Lil B responded, initially friendly but then with insults.[59] Lil B went on to release a diss track called "T Shirts & Buddens",[60] which was then featured on his "Everything Based" mixtape. Lil B later apologized for his insults and noted his respect for Budden, calling him a "legend".[61]
-The Game
-In 2011, after hearing a verse from Lil B on the Lil Wayne mixtape Sorry 4 the Wait, Compton rapper Game referred to Lil B as the "wackest rapper of all time." Lil B responded by calling Game "irrelevant," to which Game then threatened to knockout Lil B.[62] Game targeted Lil B in his verse in his track "Martians vs Goblins" featuring Lil Wayne and Tyler the Creator, with the line "Tie Lil B up to a tank full of propane, swag, now watch him cook". Lil B addressed this on his track "Tank of Propaine" on his "White Flame" mixtape. Several weeks later, the two settled their differences through Twitter after which Lil B urged fans to purchase Game's The R.E.D. Album.[63]
-Joey Bada$$
-Lil B took offense to the lyrics in the song "Survival Tactics" by late rapper Capital STEEZ, a founding member of the group Pro Era. In this, he raps, "They say hard work pays off / Well, tell the BasedGod don't quit his day job." Lil B responded with a song titled "I'm The Bada$$". Joey Bada$$ then responded with a song titled "Don't Quit Your Day Job!".[64] When the feud became public on Twitter, Joey became a target of a lot of attacks from Lil B's fans, which ended up with Joey deleting his Twitter account,[65] though restoring it later. In an interview with WWPR-FM, Joey Badass denied that he deleted his Twitter account because of Lil B's fans.[66] Later, in an interview with VladTV, Joey admitted the feud was created for publicity, and admitted he's a fan of Lil B's more serious work.
-Kevin Durant
-In 2011, NBA superstar Kevin Durant tweeted his befuddlement with Lil B's popularity, and Lil B responded by "cursing" Durant that he would never win the NBA championship.[67] The feud between the two has simmered since then, culminating in Lil B releasing the diss track "Fuck KD" in 2014 and even a commercial on NBA TV where Lil B calls out Kevin Durant.[68][69][70]
-James Harden
-During the Western Conference Finals of the 2015 NBA Playoffs, Lil B began questioning NBA superstar James Harden's "cooking dance", who has been doing that dance all season long, and tweeted that if he doesn't receive an answer from Harden regarding that dance then Harden will receive the "Based God curse" similar to Kevin Durant.[71] Lil B claimed that the Houston Rockets lost to the Golden State Warriors with the score of 99–98 in Game 2 was just the small taste of it and in Game 3 with the Rockets losing to the Warriors again with the score of 115–80 (with a 35-point deficit which 35 is the jersey number of Durant).[71][72] On May 24, 2015, Lil B announced on TMZ Sports that he has placed Harden under the "Based God curse" for the remainder of the playoffs and further notice.[73] On May 27, 2015, Lil B was present at Oracle Arena for Game 5 where the Warriors ultimately defeated the Rockets with the score of 104–90 and become the Western Conference champions.[74] Additionally, during this same game Harden set an NBA Playoff record with 13 turnovers,[75] prompting Lil B to publicly consider lifting the curse.[76]
-Discography
-Main article: Lil B discography
-I'm Thraxx (2009)
-Kiss (2009)
-Paint (2010)
-Rain in England (2010)
-Angels Exodus (2011)
-I'm Gay (I'm Happy) (2011)
-Choices and Flowers (2012)
-Tears 4 God (2012)
 ==Objectives==
 The following scientific and technological objectives have been defined for NextGenPower, leading to the following project activities: