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The airport is also served many out-of-town bus and van shuttle operators, offering transportation from Pearson Airport to cities, towns, and villages throughout [[Southern Ontario]]. Some operators offer connections to other airports in [[Ontario]] ([[John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] and [[London International Airport]] in [[London, Ontario|London]]) and in the United States ([[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] and [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport]] in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York]]).<ref name="out">{{cite web|url=http://www.torontopearson.com/en/toandfrom/outoftown/#|title=Out-of-Town Van Services |publisher=Gtaa.com |date= |accessdate=January 3, 2013}}</ref> [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] operators a shuttle service to Pearson from [[Kingston, Ontario]] with stops at [[Queen's University]], [[Belleville, Ontario|Belleville]] and [[Port Hope, Ontario|Port Hope]].
The airport is also served many out-of-town bus and van shuttle operators, offering transportation from Pearson Airport to cities, towns, and villages throughout [[Southern Ontario]]. Some operators offer connections to other airports in [[Ontario]] ([[John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] and [[London International Airport]] in [[London, Ontario|London]]) and in the United States ([[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] and [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport]] in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York]]).<ref name="out">{{cite web|url=http://www.torontopearson.com/en/toandfrom/outoftown/#|title=Out-of-Town Van Services |publisher=Gtaa.com |date= |accessdate=January 3, 2013}}</ref> [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] operators a shuttle service to Pearson from [[Kingston, Ontario]] with stops at [[Queen's University]], [[Belleville, Ontario|Belleville]] and [[Port Hope, Ontario|Port Hope]].

From 1993 until 2014, the [[Toronto Airport Express]] was a privately operated [[airport bus]] service from the airport to downtown Toronto operated by [[Pacific Western Transportation]]. A one-way trip took approximately 45 to 90 minutes, depending on traffic. The service ceased operation on October 31, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toronto Airport Express bus to stop service this fall|url=http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/06/14/toronto_airport_express_bus_to_stop_service_this_fall.html|accessdate=14 June 2014|work=Toronto Star|date=14 June 2014}}</ref>


[[File:192 Kipling Pearson Express.jpg|thumb|A [[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]] 192 Airport Rocket express bus at Terminal 3]]
[[File:192 Kipling Pearson Express.jpg|thumb|A [[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]] 192 Airport Rocket express bus at Terminal 3]]

Revision as of 21:00, 11 February 2016

"Toronto Airport", "Pearson Airport", and "YYZ" redirect here. For other airports in Toronto, see List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area. For the airfield in Vancouver, Washington, United States, see Pearson Field. For the instrumental piece from the Canadian band Rush, see YYZ (instrumental).

Toronto Pearson International Airport

Aéroport international Pearson de Toronto
File:Toronto Pearson Airport Logo.svg
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerTransport Canada
OperatorGreater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA)
ServesGreater Toronto Area
LocationMississauga and Toronto, Ontario
Hub for
Time zoneEST (UTC−05:00)
 • Summer (DST)EDT (UTC−04:00)
Elevation AMSL569 ft / 173 m
Websitewww.torontopearson.com
Map
YYZ is located in Toronto
YYZ
YYZ
Location within Toronto
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
05/23 11,120 3,389 Asphalt/Concrete
06L/24R 9,697 2,956 Asphalt
06R/24L 9,000 2,743 Asphalt
15L/33R 11,050 3,368 Asphalt
15R/33L 9,088 2,770 Asphalt
Statistics (2015)
Number of Passengers41,036,847
Aircraft movements443,154
Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[1]
Environment Canada[2]
Transport Canada[3]
Movements from GTAA[4]
Passengers from the GTAA[4]

Toronto Pearson International Airport (also known as Lester B. Pearson International Airport or simply Pearson Airport or Toronto Pearson) (IATA: YYZ, ICAO: CYYZ) is an international airport serving the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, its metropolitan area, and the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 8.7 million people.[5] The airport is located 22.5 km (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto, with the bulk of the airport (including the two main terminals) located in the adjacent city of Mississauga, and a small portion extending into Etobicoke, Toronto's western district.[6] The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and 14th Prime Minister of Canada.

Pearson is the largest and busiest airport in Canada.[7] In 2015, it handled 41,036,847 passengers and 443,154 aircraft movements.[4] It is the world's 34th-busiest airport by total passenger traffic, 23rd-busiest airport by international passenger traffic, and 15th-busiest airport by flights. Pearson is a major North American global gateway, handling more international passengers than any airport in North America other than John F. Kennedy International Airport.[8]

Pearson is the main hub for Air Canada.[9][10] It is also a hub for passenger airline WestJet and cargo airline FedEx Express, and serves as an operating base for passenger airlines Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines. Pearson Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System[11] and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance.

An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada.[12] As of 2016, over 75 airlines operate around 1,100 daily departures from Toronto Pearson to more than 180 destinations across all six of the world's inhabited continents.[13][14][15]

History

Main article: History of Toronto Pearson International Airport

Toronto Pearson International Airport was established in 1937, when the Government of Canada announced its intention to build an airport in Toronto. A site near the town of Malton, northwest of Toronto, was chosen as the location for the facility.[16] The Toronto Harbour Commission purchased and acquired several farms that were located in the area at the time.[17][18] In it's early days, Toronto Pearson was referred to as Malton Airport. The first scheduled passenger flight to Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Airlines DC-3 that landed on August 29, 1939.[19]

During World War II, the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) operated No. 1 Elementary Service Flying School (EFTS) and No. 1 Air Observer School (AOS) at Malton Airport.[20][21]

In 1958, the City of Toronto sold the Malton Airport to Transport Canada, who subsequently changed the name of the facility to Toronto International Airport.[22] The Greater Toronto Airports Authority assumed management, operation, and control of the airport in 1996.[23]

The airport was officially renamed Lester B. Pearson International Airport in 1984, in honour of Lester B. Pearson, the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize.

Terminals

Terminal 1 seen from the ramp

Toronto Pearson International Airport has two active terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. A third terminal, the Infield Terminal, is currently not used for regular operations. Complimentary high-speed Wi-Fi internet access is available in all areas throughout all terminals at Pearson.[24]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 Check-in Hall
Inuksuk sculptures stand in front of the departures entrance at Terminal 1.

Terminal 1 is the largest terminal at Pearson Airport, and is designed to handle domestic, international, and trans-border flight operations in one facility. Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines that serve Toronto Pearson operate out of Terminal 1. The terminal is also used by non-alliance airlines Etihad Airways, Emirates, and Sunwing Airlines.

Measuring over 567,000 square metres (6,000,000 sq ft), Terminal 1 is among the largest buildings in the world by floor space. It was designed by joint venture Airports Architects Canada (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP; Adamson Associates Architects; and Moshe Safdie and Associates).[25]

Terminal 1 contains 58 gates: D1, D3, D5, D7-D12, D20, D22, D24, D26, D28, D31–D45 (D32, D34, D36 also serve US flights and carry F designation), D51, D53, D55, D57 (also carry F designation), F60–F63, F64A–F64B, F65, F66A–F66B, F/E67–F/E81 (F68-F73 and F78-F81 serve both US and international flights but E74-E77 are international only), F91, and F93. Two of the gates, E73 and E75, can accommodate the Airbus A380.

Along with the standard customs and immigration facilities, the terminal also contains customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers that are connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks, then are directed to Pier F. This alleviates the need to recheck bags, pass through security screening, and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall.[26]

Terminal 1 is home to the ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway, the world's fastest moving walkway.[27]

Terminal 3

The Grand Hall of Terminal 3

Terminal 3, which opened on February 21, 1991, was originally built to offset traffic from the former Aeroquay 1 and former Terminal 2. It is used by all SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines that serve Pearson, along with WestJet, Air Transat, and most other airlines that are unaffiliated with an airline alliance. The terminal has 100,000 square metres (1,100,000 sq ft) of floor space[28] and features 48 gates: A1–A6, B1a-B1d, B2a-B2b, B3-B5, B7–B20, B22 and C24–C41.

The architects for Terminal 3 were two Toronto-based firms, B+H Architects and Scott Associates Architects Inc.[28] The terminal was initially advertised as "Trillium Terminal 3" and the "Trillium Terminal". It was originally built as a private venture, and was the base of operations for the now defunct Canadian Airlines. The Sheraton Hotel and a large parking garage are located across from the terminal, and are connected by an elevated pedestrian walkway.[29]

In 1997, the GTAA purchased Terminal 3 and shortly thereafter implemented a C$350 million expansion.[30] A team of coordinators known as T3RD oversaw the redevelopment and expansion of Terminal 3.[31] In 2004, the Pier C Expansion opened, followed by the East Processor Extension (EPE) in June 2006, adding 40 check-in counters, new retail space, additional secure 'hold-screening' for baggage, and a huge picture window that offers one of the most convenient apron viewing locations at the airport. This phase of the expansion also included improved Canadian Border services and a more open arrivals hall. Phase II of the EPE was completed in 2007 and includes larger security screening areas and additional international baggage claim areas. The West Processor Expansion Shell was completed in early 2008.

Infield Terminal

The infield terminal was built to handle traffic displaced during the development and construction of the current Terminal 1.[32] Its gates were opened in 2002 and 2003.[33] A first class lounge was opened in 2005.[34] The terminal, also known as the IFT, has 11 gates (521 to 531). When it was in use, passengers were transported by bus between Terminal 1 and the IFT to reach their gates.[33] Though currently not used for regular operations, plans are in place to reactivate it if necessary in the future to accommodate seasonal or overflow demand, or to provide additional capacity during future terminal building construction at the airport.

In December 2015, the terminal was upgraded to handle the Syrian refugees accepted into Canada and re-settling in the Greater Toronto Area.[35]

The Infield Terminal is frequently used as a location to film major motion pictures and television productions.[36]

Infrastructure

Runways

Cockpit view of runway 06R

There are currently five runways in operation at Toronto Pearson, aligned in both the east-west direction and the north-south direction. A large network of taxiways, collectively measuring over 40 kilometres (25 mi) in length,[37] provides access between the runways and the passenger terminals, air cargo areas, and airline hangar areas.[38]

Number Length Width ILS Alignment
05/23 3,389 metres (11,119 ft) 60 metres (197 ft) Cat. III (05), Cat. I (23) East-West
06L/24R 2,956 metres (9,698 ft) 60 metres (197 ft) Cat. III (6L), Cat. I (24R) East-West
06R/24L 2,743 metres (8,999 ft) 60 metres (197 ft) Cat. I (both directions) East-West
15L/33R 3,368 metres (11,050 ft) 60 metres (197 ft) Cat. I (both directions) North-South
15R/33L 2,770 metres (9,088 ft) 60 metres (197 ft) Cat. I (both directions) North-South

Airfield Operations

Pearson is home to Toronto Area Control Centre, one of seven Air Control Centres in Canada, all of which are operated by Nav Canada. The airport's main control tower is located within the infield operations area.

Pearson is one of two airports in Canada with a Traffic Management Unit (TMU) to help control planes on the apron areas.[39] The TMU is located in the tower at Terminal 1.

The airport's 115-member airfield maintenance unit is responsible for general maintenance and repairs at the airport. From mid-November to mid-April, the unit is in winter mode armed with a $38 million snow removal budget.[40] The airport employs 11 Vammas PSB series[40] and 4 Oshkosh HT-Series[41] snowplow units.

Pearson Airport's Central De-icing Facility is the largest in the world, servicing about 10,500 aircraft each winter.[42] The six de-icing bays can handle up to 12 aircraft at a time, taking between 2 and 19 minutes per aircraft.[43]

The Greater Toronto Airports Authority Fire and Emergency Service has 2 fire stations to provide firefighting and rescue operations. The fire service has 5 crash tenders as well as two pumpers, an aerial ladder and heavy rescue unit. The fire service is supported by a crew of 80 firefighters.

The LINK Train approaching Terminal 1 Station
Main article: LINK Train

Passenger transportation between Terminal 1 and Terminal 3 is achieved with the LINK Train, an automated people mover that opened in 2006. The LINK train operates two 7-car trains that run between Terminal 1, Terminal 3, and the Viscount Value Park Lot, where a reduced rate parking area is located between Airport Road and Viscount Road. The free service operates every 4 to 8 minutes, 24 hours a day.[44][45]

Security

The Peel Regional Police is the primary law enforcement service at the airport. Airport Division is located on 2951 Convair Drive, on the southern perimeter of the airport adjacent to Highway 401.[46] The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) maintains a Toronto Airport Detachment to provide federal police services, and is located at 255 Attwell Drive east of the airport in Etobicoke.[47]

The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) is responsible for all security screening services at Pearson.[48] The Canada Border Services Agency, the Department of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship, as well as the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, all maintain extensive operations at the airport.[48][49]

Other facilities

The Greater Toronto Airports Authority administration offices are located on Convair Drive near the southeast corner of the airport.

Located at the north end of the airfield are numerous hangars for personal private jets and charter aircraft, along with VIP passenger terminal facilities and maintenance services for these aircraft.[50]

Esso Avitat and Shell Aerocentre are the two suppliers of aviation fuel (Jet A-1) at Pearson Airport.

Cara Operations and CLS Catering Services both operate dedicated flight kitchen facilities at Pearson for airline catering services.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

An Air Canada Boeing 777-200LR arriving at YYZ from Hong Kong
An Air France Airbus A340-300 taxiing for departure from YYZ to Paris
A British Airways Boeing 787-8 arriving at YYZ from London, with the Mississauga skyline in the background
An Emirates Airbus A380 arriving at YYZ from Dubai
An Alitalia Airbus A330-200 arriving at YYZ from Rome
An Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 787-8 ready for departure from YYZ to Addis Ababa
A KLM Airbus A330-300 arriving at YYZ from Amsterdam
A Hainan Airlines Boeing 787-8 arriving at YYZ from Beijing
A WestJet Boeing 737-800 arriving at YYZ from Vancouver, with Terminal 1 and Terminal 3 both visible in the background
A Turkish Airlines Boeing 777-300ER arriving at YYZ from Istanbul, with the Sheraton Hotel in the background
An American Airlines Boeing 737-800 taxiing for departure from YYZ to Miami
AirlinesDestinationsTerminal
Aer Lingus
operated by ASL Airlines Ireland 		Dublin 3
Aeroméxico Mexico City 3
Air Canada Amsterdam, Antigua, Aruba, Beijing–Capital, Bermuda, Bogotá, Boston, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Calgary, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Deer Lake, Delhi, Denver, Dubai–International, Edmonton, Fort McMurray, Fort Myers, Frankfurt, Geneva, Grand Cayman, Halifax, Havana, Hong Kong, Istanbul–Atatürk, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Miami, Montréal–Trudeau, Munich, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Ottawa, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Providenciales, Regina, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Rome–Fiumicino, St. John's (NL), Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, Salt Lake City (begins May 27, 2016),[51] San Francisco, Santiago de Chile, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Saskatoon, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon (resumes June 17, 2016),[52] Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney (AU), Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tokyo–Haneda, Vancouver, Victoria, Winnipeg, Zürich
Seasonal: Cozumel, Eagle/Vail, Gander, George Town/Exuma, Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, Madrid, Milan–Malpensa, Portland (OR) (resumes May 26, 2016),[51] Puerto Vallarta, San Juan, Tokyo–Narita, West Palm Beach		 1
Air Canada ExpressAtlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Charlottetown, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Fredericton, Harrisburg, Hartford, Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL) (begins May 7, 2016),[53] Kansas City, Kingston (ON), London (ON), Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Moncton, Montréal–Trudeau, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, North Bay, Ottawa, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Québec City, Raleigh/Durham, Rochester (NY), Saint John (NB), St. Louis, Sarnia, Sault Ste. Marie (ON), Sudbury, Syracuse, Thunder Bay, Timmins, Washington–Dulles (begins May 2, 2016),[51] Washington–National, Windsor
Seasonal: Atlantic City, Mont Tremblant, Saskatoon, Regina 		1
Air Canada RougeBarbados, Barcelona, Cancún, Cayo Coco, Dublin, Fort Lauderdale, Grenada, Holguín, Kelowna, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Liberia, Lima, Montego Bay, Nassau, Orlando, Panama City, Phoenix, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Samaná, San Diego, San José de Costa Rica, Santa Clara, Sarasota, Sydney (NS), Tampa, Varadero
Seasonal: Abbotsford, Athens, Budapest (begins June 10, 2016),[54] Charlottetown (begins May 2, 2016),[55] Curaçao, Edinburgh, Glasgow–International (begins June 13, 2016),[56] Honolulu, Huatulco, La Romana, Lisbon, London–Gatwick (begins May 19, 2016),[57] Manchester (UK), Prague (begins May 29, 2016),[54] St. Maarten, San José del Cabo, St. Kitts, Venice–Marco Polo, Warsaw–Chopin (begins June 16, 2016)[54] 		1
Air FranceParis–Charles de Gaulle 3
Air Transat Cancún, Cayo Coco, Fort Lauderdale, Glasgow–International, Holguín, Lisbon, London–Gatwick, Manchester (UK), Montego Bay, Montréal–Trudeau, Orlando, Porto, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Samaná, Santa Clara, Varadero
Seasonal: Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Birmingham (UK), Budapest, Camaguey, Cayo Largo, Cozumel, Curaçao, Dublin, Faro, Huatulco, Lamezia Terme, La Romana, Las Vegas, Liberia, Panama City, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Puerto Vallarta, Rio Hato, Roatan, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, Saint Maarten, San José de Costa Rica, San José del Cabo, Venice–Marco Polo, Zagreb (begins June 14, 2016)[58] 		3
AlitaliaRome–Fiumicino 3
American Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami 3
American Eagle Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Washington–National 3
Austrian Airlines Vienna 1
Avianca Costa Rica San Salvador 1
British AirwaysLondon–Heathrow 3
Brussels Airlines Brussels (begins March 27, 2016)[59] 1
Caribbean Airlines Kingston–Norman Manley, Port of Spain 3
Cathay PacificHong Kong 3
China Eastern AirlinesShanghai–Pudong 3
CondorSeasonal: Frankfurt 3
Copa Airlines Panama City 1
Cubana de AviaciónCamaguey, Cayo Largo, Cienfuegos, Havana, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, Varadero, Santa Clara 3
Delta Air LinesAtlanta, Salt Lake City (resumes May 27, 2016)[60]
Seasonal: Detroit 		3
Delta ConnectionAtlanta, Cincinnati, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK 3
EgyptAirCairo 1
El AlTel Aviv–Ben Gurion 3
EmiratesDubai–International 1
Ethiopian AirlinesAddis Ababaa 1
Etihad AirwaysAbu Dhabi 1
EVA AirTaipei–Taoyuan 1
FinnairSeasonal: Helsinki 3
Fly Jamaica AirwaysGeorgetown–Cheddi Jagan, Kingston–Norman Manley 3
Hainan AirlinesBeijing–Capital 3
IcelandairReykjavík–Keflavík 3
Jet AirwaysAmsterdam (begins March 26, 2016),[61] Brussels (ends March 25, 2016),[61] Delhi 1
KLMAmsterdam 3
Korean AirSeoul–Incheon 3
LOT Polish AirlinesWarsaw–Chopin 1
Lufthansa Frankfurt
Seasonal: Munich 		1
Pakistan International AirlinesIslamabad, Karachi, Lahore 3
Philippine AirlinesManilab 3
SATA International Lisbon, Ponta Delgada, Porto
Seasonal: Terceira 		3
SaudiaJeddah, Riyadh 3
Sunwing AirlinesCancún, Cayo Coco, Freeport, Grenada, Halifax, Holguín, Las Vegas, Mazatlan, Montego Bay, Orlando, Panama City, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Río Hato, Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, San José del Cabo, Santa Clara, Varadero
Seasonal: Aruba, Belize City, Camaguey, Cienfuegos, Cozumel, Curaçao, Fort Lauderdale, Gander, Huatulco, La Romana, Liberia, Manzanillo, Nassau, Porto, Roatán, San Juan, St. Maarten, St. Petersburg/Clearwater, San José de Costa Rica, Santiago de Cuba, Stephenville, Vancouver 		1
TAM AirlinesNew York–JFK, São Paulo–Guarulhos 3
Turkish AirlinesIstanbul–Atatürk 1
United AirlinesChicago–O'Hare 1
United ExpressChicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles 1
WestJetAntigua, Aruba, Barbados, Bermuda, Calgary, Cancún, Cayo Coco, Charlottetown, Deer Lake, Edmonton, Fort Lauderdale, Fort McMurray, Fort Myers, Grand Cayman, Halifax, Kelowna, Kingston–Norman Manley, Las Vegas, Liberia, London–Gatwick (begins May 6, 2016),[62] Los Angeles (resumes June 29, 2016),[63] Moncton, Montego Bay, Montréal–Trudeau, Nassau, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Ottawa, Phoenix, Port of Spain, Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Québec City, Regina, San Juan, Santa Clara, St. John's (NL), Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, St. Maarten, Samaná, Saskatoon, Tampa, Vancouver, Varadero, Winnipeg
Seasonal: Cozumel, Curaçao, Dublin, Gander, Glasgow–International, Holguín, Huatulco, La Romana, Mérida, Miami, Myrtle Beach, Palm Springs, San José de Costa Rica, San José del Cabo, Sarasota, Sydney (NS), Victoria, West Palm Beach 		3
WestJet Encore Boston (begins March 21, 2016), Fredericton, London (ON) (begins March 15, 2016), Montréal–Trudeau, Ottawa, Québec City, Thunder Bay
Seasonal: Nashville (begins June 15, 2016),[64] 		3
WOW air Reykjavík–Keflavík (begins May 20, 2016)[65] 3

Notes
  • ^a : Ethiopian Airlines' flight from Addis Ababa to Toronto includes a technical stop at Dublin. Ethiopian Airlines does not have fifth freedom rights to transport passengers solely between Dublin and Toronto, and thus only carries passengers between Addis Ababa and Toronto.[66] Ethiopian Airlines' flight from Toronto to Addis Ababa is nonstop.
  • ^b : Philippine Airlines flights to/from Manila stop in Vancouver. However, Philippine Airlines does not have eighth freedom rights to transport passengers solely between Toronto and Vancouver, and thus only carries passengers traveling between Toronto and Manila.

Cargo

Toronto Pearson processes over 45% of total air cargo in Canada.[67] There are three primary cargo facilities at the airport, known as The Cargo West Facilities , the VISTA Cargo area, and the FedEx cargo area.[68]

The Cargo West Facilities (also known as the Infield Cargo Area) are located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L. The area includes three large buildings, a common use cargo apron, vehicle parking, and a truck maneuvering area. The Cargo West Facilities are connected to the passenger terminal area by a four-lane vehicle tunnel.[69]

The VISTA cargo area (also known as Cargo East) is a privately owned and operated complex that is located north of Terminal 3. The VISTA cargo area consists of a multi-tenant facility organized in a U-shape with an adjacent cargo apron area.[69]

The FedEx Cargo area (also known as Cargo North) is the Canadian hub for FedEx Express. The site occupies an area on the north side of the airport lands near runway 05/23, and is home to two cargo buildings along with dedicated ramp space.[69]

A FedEx Feeder Cessna 208 Caravan parked at the FedEx cargo area, with other FedEx Express aircraft in the background
AirlinesDestinationsCargo Centre
Cathay Pacific Cargo Anchorage, Hong Kong, New York–JFK VISTA
Cubana Cargo Havana VISTA
FedEx Express Indianapolis, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul FedEx
FedEx Feeder
operated by Morningstar Air Express 		Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal–Mirabel, North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie (ON), Sudbury, Timmins, Vancouver, Winnipeg FedEx
KF Cargo Brussels, Calgary, Moncton, Vancouver Cargo West
Korean Air Cargo Anchorage, Seoul–Incheon Cargo West
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt VISTA
UPS Airlines Louisville VISTA

Ground Transportation

Train

Main article: Union Pearson Express
A UP Express train approaching Terminal 1 Station

The Union Pearson Express (also known as the UP Express) is an express airport rail link between Pearson Airport and Union Station in Downtown Toronto. It connects to the airport at Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 Station. The UP Express operates every 15 minutes throughout the day, with a 25-minute travel time to Union Station.[70]

Route Destination Service Times Terminals Served Schedule
Union Pearson Express
Union Pearson Express Express rail service to Union Station with stops at Weston and Bloor. All-day Terminal 1. Same-platform transfer to LINK Train for Terminal 3 [71]

Car

The airport is accessible from Highway 427 (just north of the Highway 401) or from Highway 409, a spur off Highway 401 that leads directly into the airport. Airport Road to the north and Dixon Road to the east both provide local access to the airport.[72]

Restricted road access from Courtney Park Drive and Britannia Road to the west of the airport are for authorized vehicles only. Various roads to the cargo area to the north are also restricted. Other roads that travel along the airport grounds and runways are blocked off by fencing and gates. When drivers pick up or drop off guests at Toronto Pearson, they are permitted to stop momentarily outside the Arrivals and Departure areas at both terminals.

Bus

Public transit bus services are operated by Toronto Transit Commission, GO Transit, MiWay, and Brampton Transit, connecting Pearson Airport to the City of Toronto and other cities in the Greater Toronto Area.[73]

The airport is also served many out-of-town bus and van shuttle operators, offering transportation from Pearson Airport to cities, towns, and villages throughout Southern Ontario. Some operators offer connections to other airports in Ontario (John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in Hamilton and London International Airport in London) and in the United States (Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Detroit, Michigan and Buffalo Niagara International Airport in Buffalo, New York).[74] Megabus operators a shuttle service to Pearson from Kingston, Ontario with stops at Queen's University, Belleville and Port Hope.

From 1993 until 2014, the Toronto Airport Express was a privately operated airport bus service from the airport to downtown Toronto operated by Pacific Western Transportation. A one-way trip took approximately 45 to 90 minutes, depending on traffic. The service ceased operation on October 31, 2014.[75]

A TTC 192 Airport Rocket express bus at Terminal 3
Route Destination Service Times Terminals Served Schedule
Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)
192 Airport Rocket Express service to Kipling Station on the Bloor–Danforth Subway Line All-day Terminals 1 and 3 [76]
52A Lawrence West Local service serving Dixon Road and Lawrence Avenue to Lawrence and Lawrence West stations on the Yonge–University Subway Line All-day Terminals 1 and 3 [77]
300A Bloor-Danforth Runs express from the airport to Burnhamthorpe Road at Highway 427, then local service along Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue to Warden Avenue Overnight only

(approximately 2:00 a.m.–6:00 a.m. daily)

Terminals 1 and 3 [78]
307 Eglinton West Local service along Eglinton Avenue to Yonge Street Overnight only

(approximately 2:00 a.m.–6:00 a.m. daily)

Terminals 1 and 3 [79]
GO Transit
34 Pearson Airport-North York Express service to Finch and Yorkdale TTC subway stations on the Yonge–University Subway Line All-day Terminal 1 [80]
40 Hamilton-Richmond Hill Express service to:

Eastbound: Richmond Hill Centre bus terminal. Westbound: Square One Bus Terminal and Hamilton GO Centre

All-day Terminal 1 [80]
MiWay
7 Airport Local service to:

Southbound: Square One. Northbound: Westwood Mall.

All-day Terminal 1 [81]
107 Malton Express Express service to:

Southbound: Square One. Northbound: Westwood Mall and Humber College North Campus.

Mondays to Saturdays Viscount LINK Station [81]
24 Northwest Local service to:

Southbound: Skymark Hub. Northbound: Westwood Mall.

Rush hour Viscount LINK Station [81]
57 Courtneypark Local service from the airport's Infield Cargo area to:

Northbound: Meadowvale Town Centre

Southbound: Islington Station on the Bloor–Danforth Subway Line

Rush hour None [81]
59 Infield Local service from Westwood Mall to the airport's Infield Cargo area One trip daily None [81]
Brampton Transit
115 Airport Express Semi-express service to Bramalea bus terminal All-day Terminal 1 [82]
Can-ar Coach Service
Operates a once-a-day coach service to Port Elgin, Ontario, serving communities in Dufferin, Grey, and Bruce counties. [83]

Taxi

Taxis are available at all terminals, and are licensed by the City of Mississauga. Taxis that are licensed in Toronto can deliver to Pearson, but only airport-licensed taxis and limos can pick up at Pearson legally. Rides can also be prearranged through GTA Airport Taxi or GTA Airport Limo at the Airport, providing prompt pick-up outside of the terminal.[84] Pearson Airport Limousine companies use GTAA authorized out-of-town flat rates for pick-ups from Pearson Airport.[85]

Future connections

Further information: Eglinton Crosstown line and Mississauga Transitway

The Eglinton Crosstown light rail line was originally projected to connect Pearson to Scarborough by 2018 as part of the Transit City plan.[86] However, when the four Transit City lines were found to be $2.4 billion over their funding envelope in January 2010, parts of the network were deferred, including the western section of the Eglinton Crosstown LRT.[87] In 2016, the City of Toronto has considered extending the, currently under construction, Eglinton Crosstown to the airport, although no official plans or funding has been acquired.

One of the routes in GO Transit's proposed Highway 407 BRT system would reach the airport. As a precursor, GO as of June 2013 operates the 40 Airport Express route between Richmond Hill Centre Terminal and Pearson Airport. This route formerly served Mississauga City Centre, but was shortened due to MiWay's launch of its own Airport Express route. A bus rapid transit route is planned to use the Mississauga Transitway, which is under construction. Mississauga Transit's 107 Malton Express has been in service since March 2010, connecting Mississauga City Centre, Malton, and Pearson Airport via the LINK Train's Viscount Station during peak hours only. After the completion of the transitway in late 2013, travel times between these destinations would be cut down to 19 minutes (compared to 7 Airport's 41 minutes and to the current 107's 29 minutes). Also, an all-day, all-week connection between the two destinations would be established.[88]

Statistics

Passenger Traffic

Mississauga skyline as seen from Terminal 1
Annual passenger traffic at Toronto Pearson International Airport
2003 through 2015
Year Total passengers % change Domesticc % change Transborderc % change Internationalc % change
2015[89] 41,036,847 Increase 6.4% 15,859,289 Increase 4.4% 11,154,435 Increase 6.2% 14,023,123 Increase 8.9%
2014[89] 38,571,961 Increase 6.8% 15,192,126 Increase 5.6% 10,506,070 Increase 6.8% 12,874,220 Increase 8.3%
2013[89] 36,107,306 Increase 3.4% 14,385,001 Increase 5.4% 9,838,121 Increase 3.9% 11,884,184 Increase 0.7%
2012[89] 34,911,850 Increase 4.4% 13,646,163 Increase 4.3% 9,464,858 Increase 5.4% 11,800,829 Increase 3.7%
2011[89] 33,435,277 Increase 4.7% 13,078,513 Increase 2.7% 8,979,103 Increase 4.1% 11,377,661 Increase 7.6%
2010[90] 31,936,098 Increase 5.2% 12,730,680 Increase 0.1% 8,628,851 Increase 6.9% 10,576,567 Increase 10.6%
2009[90] 30,368,339 Decrease -6.0% 12,730,047 Decrease -7.8% 8,074,027 Decrease -8.3% 9,564,265 Decrease -1.5%
2008[90] 32,334,831 Increase 2.8% 13,812,866 Increase 0.5% 8,805,898 Decrease -0.8% 9,716,067 Increase 10.1%
2007[90] 31,446,199 Increase 2.1% 13,744,155 Increase 3.3% 8,879,180 Decrease -0.3% 8,822,864 Increase 2.8%
2006[90] 30,794,581 Increase 2.9% 13,309,531 Increase 3.1% 8,906,324 Increase 1.2% 8,578,726 Increase 4.6%
2005[90] 29,914,750 Increase 4.5% 12,906,457 Increase 2.1% 8,803,505 Increase 4.5% 8,204,788 Increase 8.6%
2004[90] 28,615,981 Increase 15.7% 12,636,748 Increase 14.6% 8,422,537 Increase 15.1% 7,556,696 Increase 18%
2003[90] 24,739,312  –––– 11,021,760  –––– 7,316,287  –––– 6,401,265  ––––

Notes
  • ^c : At Toronto Pearson and at other airports in Canada with United States border preclearance, a distinction is made between "transborder" and "international" flights for operational and statistical purposes. A "transborder" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination in the United States, while an "international" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination that is not within the United States or Canada. A "domestic" flight is a flight within Canada only.

Incidents and accidents

  • On October 3, 1959, Vickers Viscount CF-TGY of Trans-Canada Air Lines was written off when it landed short of the runway.[91] No fatalities among the 38 on board.
  • On June 13, 1964, Vickers Viscount CF-THT of Air Canada was damaged beyond economical repair when it crash-landed after the failure of two engines on approach.[92]
  • The airport's deadliest accident occurred on July 5, 1970, when Air Canada Flight 621, a DC-8 jet, flew on a Montreal–Toronto–Los Angeles route. The pilots inadvertently deployed spoilers before the plane attempted landing, forcing the pilots to abort landing and takeoff. Damage to the aircraft that was caused during the failed landing attempt caused the plane to break up in the air during the go-around, killing all 100 passengers and nine crew members on board when it crashed into a field southeast of Brampton. Controversy remains over the cleanup effort following the crash, as both plane wreckage debris and human remains from the crash are still found on the site.[93]
  • On August 30, 1970, Douglas C-47 CF-JRY of D G Harris Productions was damaged beyond economic repair in a storm.[94]
  • On June 26, 1978, Air Canada Flight 189 to Winnipeg overran the runway during an aborted takeoff, and crashed into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of the 107 passengers on board the DC-9 were killed.
  • On June 22, 1983, Douglas C-47A C-GUBT of Skycraft Air Transport crashed on takeoff roll at Toronto International Airport while on an international cargo flight from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Ohio. Both of the crew members were killed.[95]
  • On June 23, 1985, failure of adequate baggage screening systems at Toronto Pearson airport allowed a suitcase bomb to get loaded onto the Boeing 747-237B operating as Air India Flight 181 in Toronto. The bomb later brought down the plane above the Atlantic Ocean, killing everyone on board. Note: This plane made a stop over at Montreal Mirabel Airport to pick up more passengers, and had its flight re-designated as Flight 182 upon leaving Montreal en route to both London-Heathrow and New Delhi (without further baggage inspection).
  • On August 2, 2005, Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340-300 (registration F-GLZQ) inbound from Paris, landed on runway 24L during a severe thunderstorm, failed to stop, and ran off of the runway into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. The rear third of the plane burst into flames, eventually engulfing the whole plane except the cockpit and wings. There were 12 serious injuries, but no fatalities. The investigation predominantly blamed pilot error when faced with the severe weather conditions.

See also

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