Immersion cooling: Difference between revisions
Declining submission: Okay, I think you have enough here for an article. However, there are two issues with the article still. The first is minor, and that's the use of Wikipedia article as a reference. The appropriate use of Wikipedia articles is to l... |
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[[File:Single-server-immersion-cooling.jpg|thumb|Example of Server Immersion Cooling with a single DELL R200 server]] |
[[File:Single-server-immersion-cooling.jpg|thumb|Example of Server Immersion Cooling with a single DELL R200 server]] |
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'''[[Computer cooling#Liquid submersion cooling|Server Immersion Cooling]]''' is a the practice of submerging computer components (or full servers) in a thermally but not electrically conductive liquid. The coolant liquid is commonly a mineral-based oil with [[dielectric]] properties. |
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Server Immersion Cooling has the potential of becoming a popular server cooling solution for [[Data center#Green datacenters|green data centers]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/4500260725/Eight-emerging-data-center-trends-to-follow-in-2016|title = Eight emerging data center trends to follow in 2016|date = December 15, 2015|publisher = Robert Gates}}</ref>, as it allows them to drastically reduce their [[Power Usage Effectiveness]] (PUE). Multiple relevant brands like [[Intel]] and [[Facebook]] have already validated the advantages of submerging servers<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.computerworld.com/article/2488035/data-center/ice-x--intel-and-sgi-test-full-immersion-cooling-for-servers.html|title = Ice X: Intel and SGI test full-immersion cooling for servers|date = April 8, 2014|publisher = Computerworld, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/10/14/facebook_liquid_cooling/|title = Facebook throws servers on their back in HOT TUBS of OIL|date = October 14, 2013|publisher = The Register}}</ref>. |
Server Immersion Cooling has the potential of becoming a popular server cooling solution for [[Data center#Green datacenters|green data centers]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/4500260725/Eight-emerging-data-center-trends-to-follow-in-2016|title = Eight emerging data center trends to follow in 2016|date = December 15, 2015|publisher = Robert Gates}}</ref>, as it allows them to drastically reduce their [[Power Usage Effectiveness]] (PUE). Multiple relevant brands like [[Intel]] and [[Facebook]] have already validated the advantages of submerging servers<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.computerworld.com/article/2488035/data-center/ice-x--intel-and-sgi-test-full-immersion-cooling-for-servers.html|title = Ice X: Intel and SGI test full-immersion cooling for servers|date = April 8, 2014|publisher = Computerworld, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/10/14/facebook_liquid_cooling/|title = Facebook throws servers on their back in HOT TUBS of OIL|date = October 14, 2013|publisher = The Register}}</ref>. |
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=== Open or Semi-Open Bath Immersion Cooling === |
=== Open or Semi-Open Bath Immersion Cooling === |
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Open or semi-open bath immersion cooling is a data center cooling technique that implies fully submerging servers in dielectric coolant fluid. Its called ''open or semi-open bath'' because servers are placed side-by-side in large tanks that assimilate bath tubs. These baths operate at atmospheric pressure and allow the coolant fluid to be pumped through the hardware components or servers submerged in it<ref>{{Cite web|url = http:// |
Open or semi-open bath immersion cooling is a data center cooling technique that implies fully submerging servers in dielectric coolant fluid. Its called ''open or semi-open bath'' because servers are placed side-by-side in large tanks that assimilate bath tubs. These baths operate at atmospheric pressure and allow the coolant fluid to be pumped through the hardware components or servers submerged in it<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://svlg.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/SVLG2014TSCHUDI10-24-2014-1-Tschudi.pdf|title = Electronics Take a Bath|date = Nov 5, 2014|access-date = |publisher = Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory}}</ref> |
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==== Open Bath Immersion Cooling ==== |
==== Open Bath Immersion Cooling ==== |
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Revision as of 11:45, 16 February 2016
 | This article, Immersion cooling, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary.
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| This article, Immersion cooling, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary.
Reviewer tools: Inform author |
Comment: This draft needs more references to show that this technique is notable. Two of the references are by a single company which markets this approach, which are not independent neutral references. The second sentence, "Server Immersion Cooling has the potential of becoming a popular server cooling solution green for data centers", is ungrammatical and confusing. Robert McClenon (talk) 16:59, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
I'm asking for permission to add photos of some of the immersion cooling solutions that are on the market (it should be easy to get permission if this entry exists in Wikipedia). I'm also thinking on how to further extend this entry with more sections further detailing available oils and more details of the techniques, but I will do this over time.
Meanwhile, I've followed Robert's recommendations, changed some of the references and added many more. I've also corrected the gramatical issues and extended some sections to clarify further. - Daniel Pope - 16 January 2016
Server Immersion Cooling is a the practice of submerging computer components (or full servers) in a thermally but not electrically conductive liquid. The coolant liquid is commonly a mineral-based oil with dielectric properties.
Server Immersion Cooling has the potential of becoming a popular server cooling solution for green data centers[1], as it allows them to drastically reduce their Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). Multiple relevant brands like Intel and Facebook have already validated the advantages of submerging servers[2][3].
Servers and other IT hardware cooled by immersion cooling don’t require fans, thus these are removed together with any thermal paste to avoid it from dissolving in the oil. The oils used in immersion cooling usually operate at temperates between 35-50ºC (95-122ºF), this allows data centers to use much more efficient evaporative or adiabatic cooling towers[4] instead of chiller-based air cooling.
Current commercial applications for immersion cooling range from data center orientated solutions for commodity server cooling[5], server clusters, HPCC applications[6] and Bitcoin Mining[7].
History
Although still rarely used for cooling of IT hardware, the usage of mineral or vegetable-based oil for cooling large power distribution components such as transformers and industrial machinery is a common practice since beginning of the 1900's[8]
Some extreme density supercomputers such as the Cray-2 (released in 1985) and Cray T90 (released in 1995) used large liquid-to-chilled liquid heat exchangers and single or two-phase immersion cooling oils for heat removal[9].
Server Immersion Cooling techniques
Open or Semi-Open Bath Immersion Cooling
Open or semi-open bath immersion cooling is a data center cooling technique that implies fully submerging servers in dielectric coolant fluid. Its called open or semi-open bath because servers are placed side-by-side in large tanks that assimilate bath tubs. These baths operate at atmospheric pressure and allow the coolant fluid to be pumped through the hardware components or servers submerged in it[10]
Open Bath Immersion Cooling
Open Bath Immersion Cooling uses single-phase oils. These oils always remain in liquid state while operating. They never boil or freeze. The oil is usually pumped to a heat exchanger where its cooled thanks to heat exchange with a cooler water-circuit. This technique uses “open baths“, as there’s little (or no) risk of the coolant evaporating:
Semi-Open Bath Immersion Cooling
In semi-open bath Immersion Cooling, two-phase oil is the working fluid. It literally boils thanks to its low boiling point[11][12] and thus exists in both a liquid and gas phase. The system takes advantage of a concept known as “latent heat” which is the heat (thermal energy) required to change the phase of a fluid (in this case two-phase dielectric mineral oil). The oil is only cooled by boiling and thus remains at the boiling point (“saturation temperature”). Energy transferred from the servers into the two-phase oil will cause a portion of it to boil off into a gas (this is the second phase of the oil). The gas rises above the liquid oil level where it contacts a condenser which is cooler than the saturation temperature. This causes the vapoured oil to condense back into a liquid form and fall (rain) back into the bath.
The term "semi-open bath" means, that when the system operates, its sealed to avoid the evaporation or the coolant:
Sealed Server Immersion Cooling
A different approach to open or semi-open bath immersion cooling are sealed server immersion cooling solutions, where servers are specially built in an oil-tight casing. Dielectric oil is pumped inside each server to collect heat from the components. The heat is then taken to a backplane in the rack which is cooled by a water circuit.
The main advantage of this approach is that servers don't require to be placed in horizontal baths. The main disadvantage is that not any hardware can be used as the vendor defines the hardware specs of the sealed servers.
References
- ^ "Eight emerging data center trends to follow in 2016". Robert Gates. December 15, 2015.
- ^ "Ice X: Intel and SGI test full-immersion cooling for servers". Computerworld, Inc. April 8, 2014.
- ^ "Facebook throws servers on their back in HOT TUBS of OIL". The Register. October 14, 2013.
- ^ "Data center liquid immersion cooling with adiabatic cooling towers". Submer Technologies. January 2, 2016.
- ^ "Liquid immersion cooling relief for ultra-dense data centers". TechTarget. October, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Immersion Cooling Steps Up for HPC Clusters". insideHPC. May 7, 2014.
- ^ "BitFury to Launch Energy Efficient Immersion Cooling Data Center". Business Wire. December 11, 2015.
- ^ "The original transformers were replaced with Stanley oil filled transformers in 1904". The Folsom Power Plant 1895. Edison Tech Center.
- ^ "Fluid Selection and Property Effects in Single and Two-Phase Immersion Cooling" (PDF). JOHN R. SAYLOR, AVRAM BAR-COHEN, SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE, TIEN-YU LEE, TERRY W. SIMON, WE1 TONG, AND PEY-SHEY WU. November 4, 1988.
- ^ "Electronics Take a Bath" (PDF). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Nov 5, 2014.
- ^ "3M™ Novec™ 7100 Engineered Fluid". © 3M.
- ^ "Immersion Cooling with 3M(TM) Novec(TM) Engineered Fluids". 3M. April 8, 2014.
External links
Commercial Immersion Cooling Solution Providers:
- Green Revolution Cooling (Open-bath)
- Allied Control (Semi-Open bath)
- Iceotope (Sealed Server)
- Submer Technologies (Open-bath)