User talk:Immcarl17

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Hello, Immcarl17, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Ian and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment.

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If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Ian (Wiki Ed) (talk) 20:19, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

Introductions

Nice to meet you! My name is Vianne Gao and I am a sophomore at Carleton College hoping to major in Biology. I grew up in Shenzhen, China but also lived in Australia for a few years. I love traveling, meeting new people, cooking and so much more. My favorite places at Carleton are Weitz and Boliou, and my favorite vegetable is cabbage. Immcarle8 (talk) 06:31, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

Hi, my name is Dani! My favorite color is pink! I am Immcarle1 if you could reply.Immcarle1 (talk) 22:09, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

My name is Ximou, I hope you are having a good day, I'm looking forward to the rest of this class! I'm Immcarle22 (talk) 02:02, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

Hi guys, it's so nice to see all these Immcarls on this page! I'm Cynthia Chang, a junior at Carleton College. I'm a biology major and I'm excited to edit Immunology-related pages! Immcarle2 (talk) 03:57, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

Assignment #3

Articles I am interested in the following topics. For the microfold cell page, I will have the opportunity to add a couple citations, but mainly add content. There is no talk discussions on this topic yet. I am interested in this concept because it is from a new lineage and there is new research being done that I can explore. The article for Peyer's patch is also scarce and there is plenty of research, so I will be able to fill the article with lots of existing research. There is one comment on the talk which I can also respond to. The breastmilk page has a lot of information, but the immunity and benefits section can be updated with current research. Updating research is also true for the gut flora page. There is one particular comment on this page about paragraphs being "gibberish" that I can address.

Microfold cell

Peyer's patch

Breastmilk

Gut flora

Immcarl17 (talk) 04:21, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

Assignment #4

I have chosen to work on the Microfold cell article as my final topic. My topic has been added to the course page as well.

Bibliography:

1. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition. Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2001.

2. Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet]. Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-.

3. Contraceptive Research and Development: Looking to the Future. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Contraceptive Research and Development; Harrison PF, Rosenfield A, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1996.

4. Gut flora

Immcarl17 (talk) 21:44, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

Assignment #5: Improving existing article: Microfold Cell

The section of the Microfold cell article I am most interested in the development section, which happens to also be the section with the least information.

I would like to fill this section with information regarding what we know about the development of these cells, but with some context or reference to the research or experimentation used to arrive at these conclusions. I am also hoping to create a figure or adapt a figure from a recent review article so that we have some visualization about the position, location, and thus function of these cells.

Here is what I wrote on the talk page for the Microfold article:

I will be working on editing and updating this article as part of an undergraduate level Immunology class assignment.

The section of the Microfold cell article I am most interested in the development section, which happens to also be the section with the least information. I would like to fill this section with information regarding what we know about the development of these cells, but with some context or reference to the research or experimentation used to arrive at these conclusions. I am also hoping to create a figure or adapt a figure from a recent review article so that we have some visualization about the position, location, and thus function of these cells. I am welcome to any feedback or collaboration!

Today, I have drafted a new lead section that incorporates the summary of the proposed changes I have to the development section. I have also summarized some information from other sections of the article that is also reflected in the lead section. Here is a draft of my updated lead section:

Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyer's patch as well as in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). They transport organisms and particles from the gut lumen to immune cells across the epithelial barrier, and thus are important in stimulating mucosal immunity. Many pathogens including Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and prions in Bovine spongiform encephalitis enter the gut through the exploitation of M cells. M cells differentiate and mature when they receive signals from the Peyer's patch and these molecular identities of these signals are yet to be uncovered.

Unlike their neighbouring cells, they have the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis or phagocytosis, and then deliver it via transcytosis to dendritic cells (an antigen presenting cell) and lymphocytes (namely T cells) located in a unique pocket-like structure on their basolateral side. [citation needed]

More research (annotated bibliography, see assignment 4 for all other sources):

5. Rouch JD, Scott A, Lei NY, Solorzano- Vargas RS, Wang J, Hanson EM, et al. (2016) Development of Functional Microfold (M) Cells from Intestinal Stem Cells in Primary Human Enteroids. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0148216. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0148216

This is a primary article, however, it is brand new (less than a month old), it has some great figures. And even though M cells have medical applications that can be discussed in the wikipedia article, we first need to create a strong lead section and flesh out the sub sections. I will be working on the development section and this seems like a great article to explain the development of these cells from intestinal stem cells.

6. Hiroshi Ohno, Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22

This is a good review paper, with even better and more understandable figures. A few experiments are also outlined.

7. Role of M Cells in Intestinal Barrier FunctionT. KUCHARZIK,a,b N. LÜGERING,a K. RAUTENBERG,a A. LÜGERING,aM.A. SCHMIDT,c R. STOLL,a AND W. DOMSCHKEaaDepartment of Medicine B and cCenter for Molecular Biology of Inflammation,University of Münster, 48129 Münster, Germany

Another excellent, thorough review. Still need to read this one though.

Immcarl17 (talk) 23:15, 8 February 2016 (UTC)

Assignment #6: Complete first draft

Feb 17th:

This is the current lead section from the wikipedia page for M cells. I will be updated it to include a few more sentences to a whole paragraph about the function, morphology, and development of these cells. I have also added a citation for the last sentence on the current lead section.

Existing lead section Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyer's patch as well as in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). They transport organisms and particles from the gut lumen to immune cells across the epithelial barrier, and thus are important in stimulating mucosal immunity.

Unlike their neighbouring cells, they have the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis or phagocytosis, and then deliver it via transcytosis to dendritic cells (an antigen presenting cell) and lymphocytes (namely T cells) located in a unique pocket-like structure on their basolateral side [citation needed].

Lead section (with my edits) Microfold cells ( M cells or intestinal membranous cells) are found in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of the Peyer's patch and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). These cells initiate mucosal immune responses on the apical membrane of the M cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles from the gut lumen into immune cells across the epithelial barrier.

M cells express the protease cathepsin E, similar to other antigen presenting cells. Unlike their neighbouring cells, M cells have the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis or phagocytosis, and then deliver it via transcytosis to dendritic cells (another antigen presenting cell) and lymphocytes (namely T cells). This process takes place in a unique pocket-like structure on their basolateral side [5]. Recognition of antigens is done via expression cell surface receptors such as glycoprotein-2 (GP2) that detect and specifically bind to bacteria possessing Type I pili. Cellular prion protein (PrP) has also been identified as an antigen-uptake receptor on the surface of these cels.

M cells lack microvilli and they are characterized by strong cell junction to function as a barrier and thus defense line in the immune system. Despite these characteristics, some antigens are able to infiltrate the M cell barrier and infect the nearby epithelial cells or enter the gut [7].

Morphology Section M cells are distinguished from other intestinal epithelial cells by their morphological differences. They are characterized by short microvilli or lack of these protrusions on the cellsurface. When they present microvilli, they are short, irregular, and present on the apical surface or pocket-like invagination on the basolateral surface of these cells. When they lack microvilli, they are characterized by microfolds, and hence receive their commonly known name. These cells can also be identified by cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components expressed at the edge of cells or on their cell surfaces, such as actin, villin, cytokeratin, and vimentin [7].

Development Section B cells have been implicated in the developmental of M cells, since they are also localized in high numbers in the follicular-associated epithelium. FAE lacking B cell populations result in a decrease in the number of M cell lining the Peyer's patch [6]. Similarly, a human lymphoma cell line, called Raji cells, are also known to cause transition of adenocarcinoma cells to M cells. Though many studies have shown various cell types directing the differentiation of M cells, the field is at a point of characterizing the molecular pathways that guide M cell differentiation. More recently, through loss-of-function and rescue-phenotype studies, RANKL has been shown to be a receptor activator of NF-κB ligand and play a role in differentiation of M cells [8]. Interestingly, microbes found among existing intestinal epithelium are also known to direct M cell development. For example, the type III secretion system effector protein SopB activates the transition of M cells from enterocytes [9].

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Immcarl17 (talk) 05:41, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

Assignment #7:Peer reviewee

I will be peer reviewing the following article titled, T helper 17 cell.