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==History==
==History==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-1126-500, Kraftdroschke.jpg|thumb|E.V.C. Hansom Cab, ca. 1904]]
The Electric Vehicle Company was founded as a holding company of battery-powered electric automobile manufacturers made up of several car companies assembled by [[Isaac Rice]] beginning in 1897.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Columbia Car: Reliable, Simple to Operate and Ready for Action|url=http://www.secondchancegarage.com/classic-car/columbia-3.cfm|work=http://www.secondchancegarage.com|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref> It was taken over in 1899 by [[William C. Whitney]] and [[Peter Arrell Brown Widener|P. A. B. Widener's]], thus forming the so-called "Lead Cab Trust," which hoped to develop a monopoly by placing electric cabs on the streets of major American cities.
The Electric Vehicle Company was founded 27 September 1897]] as a holding company of battery-powered electric vehicle manufacturers made up of several companies assembled by [[Isaac Rice]].<ref name="Kimes (1996)525" /><ref name="2ndchancegarage_Columbia3" /> Rice had acquired in May, 1897 another electric cab manufacturer, the [[Electric Carriage & Wagon Company]] (E.C.W.C.) in New York. Their vehicles were constructed by ''Henry G. Morris'' and ''Pedro G. Salom'', builders of the [[Electrobat]]s, the first truly useful electric automobiles in the USA.<ref name="Kirsch(2000)41 /> E.V.W.C. pioneered a cab system that included service stations for quick change of battery sets, and repair work; vehicles were leased only, not sold. Twelve of these cabs were in use in [[Manhattan]] in January, 1897.<ref name="Flink (1970)25, 29" /> After the merger, E.C.V. concentrated on building heavy but reliable electric cabs<ref name="Kimes (1996)525" /> which were built in the E.C.W.C. workshops. The rental system was for a short time run by E.V.C.<ref name="Kirsch (2000)35" /> Between 1897 and 1899, there were several hundred E.V.C. vehicles built.<ref name="Kimes (1996)357" />


The company was taken over in 1899 by a [[syndicate]] around [[William C. Whitney]], [[Thomas Fortune Ryan]] [[Anthony N. Brady]], and [[Peter Arrell Brown Widener|P. A. B. Widener]], thus forming the so-called "Lead Cab Trust," which hoped to develop a monopoly by placing electric cabs on the streets of major American cities, starting with New York City, [[Philadelphia]], [[Chicago]], [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[Boston]]. Although by 1999, E.V.C. was the largest motor car manufacturer in the USA<ref name="Kimes Pioneers (2005)89" /> - a position lost to [[Oldsmobile]] in 1901 - this policy failed soon, as it was even then not able to sell as many vehicles as necessary for the task. The firm actually made and sold about two thousand electric cars, but fell into hard times in 1900 after facing competition from gas-powered cars and legal problems stemming from these monopolistic practices, as well as scandal surrounding the poor performance of its vehicles. Whitney brought in industrial leader [[Albert Augustus Pope]] now, who brought the [[Columbia Automobile Company]]. The trust was reorganized as the parent company of several vehicle manufacturers, among them Columbia and the [[Riker Electric Vehicle Company]], which was acquired in 1902. Electric Vehicle's chief asset was now the holding of the [[George B. Selden#The Selden patent|Selden Patent]] which established a right to [[royalties]] from all manufacturers of [[internal combustion engine]] vehicles. While this was initially lucrative, it led inevitably to opposition from the other manufacturers and expensive lawsuits, which ended with bankruptcy in 1907. The patent was valid until 1913, but lost its worth as the appellation court reduced it to vehicles with [[Brayton engine]]s, of which none was used in a motor vehicle.
The firm actually made and sold about two thousand electric cars (based on the [[Electrobat]] and Riker Electric cabs) as taxis to several American cities, but fell into hard times in 1900 after facing competition from gas-powered cars and legal problems stemming from monopolistic practices, as well as scandal surrounding the poor performance of its vehicles.

After the collapse of the trust, Electric Vehicle's chief asset was the holding of the [[George B. Selden#The Selden patent|Selden Patent]] which established a right to [[royalties]] from all manufacturers of [[internal combustion engine]] vehicles. While this was initially lucrative, it led inevitably to opposition from the other manufacturers and expensive lawsuits, which ended with bankruptcy in 1907 and the patent being overthrown in 1911.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 14: Line 13:
*[[GridCars]]
*[[GridCars]]


==References==
==Sources==
* David A. Kirsch: ''The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History.'' Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ/ London 2000, ISBN 0-8135-2809-7
* Ernest Henry Wakefield: ''History of the Electric Automobile; Battery-Only Powered Cars.'' edited by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). Warrendale PA 1970, ISBN 1-56091-299-5
* Beverly Rae Kimes (editor), Henry Austin Clark jr.: ''Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942.'' 3rd edition, Krause Publications, Iola WI 1996, ISBN 0-87341-428-4
* Beverly Rae Kimes: ''Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America.'' edited by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). Permissions, Warrendale PA 2005, ISBN 0-7680-1431-X
* James J. Flink: ''America Adopts the Automobile - 1895–1910.'' Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970, ISBN 0-262-06036-1
⚫
* James J. Flink, ''The Automobile Age'' (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988).
* G. N. Georgano (editor): ''Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present.'' 2nd edition. Dutton Press, New York 1973, ISBN 0-525-08351-0


⚫
==External links==
⚫
<references/>
⚫
*[http://www.kcstudio.com/selden.html The Selden Motor Wagon] Photos of the vehicle, plus articles about the gestation of the patent and the lengthy lawsuit which followed
⚫
*James J. Flink, ''The Automobile Age'' (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988).
* [http://www.secondchancegarage.com/public4/columbia-3.cfm secondchancegarage.com: ''The Columbia Car: Reliable, Simple to Operate and Ready for Action - Page 3: To The Electric Vehicle Trust''] (retrieved 7. August 2014)
* ''[http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/enwiki/static/Misc%20Brochures/Autos%20of%201904%20Booklet/dirindex.html The Automobile of 1904]''; Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (Januar 1904), Americana Review, 725 Dongan Ave., Scotia NY (USA); erschienen 1904, deckt auch Importe ab (englisch)
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/370418/Hiram-Percy-Maxim Encyclopedia Britannica: ''Hiram Percy Maxim''] (englisch) (abgerufen am 7. August 2014)
* [http://www.kcstudio.com/riker.html kcstudio.com: ''A.L. Riker - The early story in brief as it directly relates to the history of the Pope Manufacturing Company, the Electric Vehicle Company, and the Columbia cars''] (englisch) (abgerufen am 4. Januar 2016)
* [http://www.kcstudio.com/colcharging.html kcstudio.com: ''Charging up the electric cabs''; Zeitungsberichte 1896–1898] (englisch) (abgerufen am 4. Januar 2016)


==References==
⚫
== External links ==
<references>
⚫
*[http://www.kcstudio.com/selden.html The Selden Motor Wagon] Photos of the vehicle, plus articles about the gestation of the patent and the lengthy lawsuit which followed
<ref name="2ndchancegarage_Columbia3">{{cite web|title=The Columbia Car: Reliable, Simple to Operate and Ready for Action|url=http://www.secondchancegarage.com/classic-car/columbia-3.cfm|work=http://www.secondchancegarage.com|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="Kimes (1996)525">Kimes/Clark: ''Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942'' (1996), p. 525</ref>
<ref name="Kirsch(2000)41">Kirsch: ''The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History.'' 2000, p. 41.</ref>
<ref name="Flink (1970)25, 29" >Flink: ''America Adopts the Automobile'' (1970), p. 25, 29</ref>
<ref name="Flink (1970)35" >Flink: ''America Adopts the Automobile'' (1970), p. 35</ref>
<ref name="Kimes (1996)357">Kimes/Clark: ''Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942'' (1996), p. 357</ref>
<ref name="Kimes Pioneers (2005)89">Kimes: ''Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels.'' 2005, p. 89.</ref>
⚫
<references/>


[[Category:Electric vehicles]]
[[Category:Electric vehicles]]

Revision as of 13:51, 14 March 2016

Electric Vehicle Company was an American automobile holding company and early pioneering manufacturer of automobiles.

History

E.V.C. Hansom Cab, ca. 1904

The Electric Vehicle Company was founded 27 September 1897]] as a holding company of battery-powered electric vehicle manufacturers made up of several companies assembled by Isaac Rice.[1][2] Rice had acquired in May, 1897 another electric cab manufacturer, the Electric Carriage & Wagon Company (E.C.W.C.) in New York. Their vehicles were constructed by Henry G. Morris and Pedro G. Salom, builders of the Electrobats, the first truly useful electric automobiles in the USA.[3] E.V.W.C. pioneered a cab system that included service stations for quick change of battery sets, and repair work; vehicles were leased only, not sold. Twelve of these cabs were in use in Manhattan in January, 1897.[4] After the merger, E.C.V. concentrated on building heavy but reliable electric cabs[1] which were built in the E.C.W.C. workshops. The rental system was for a short time run by E.V.C.[5] Between 1897 and 1899, there were several hundred E.V.C. vehicles built.[6]

The company was taken over in 1899 by a syndicate around William C. Whitney, Thomas Fortune Ryan Anthony N. Brady, and P. A. B. Widener, thus forming the so-called "Lead Cab Trust," which hoped to develop a monopoly by placing electric cabs on the streets of major American cities, starting with New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Boston. Although by 1999, E.V.C. was the largest motor car manufacturer in the USA[7] - a position lost to Oldsmobile in 1901 - this policy failed soon, as it was even then not able to sell as many vehicles as necessary for the task. The firm actually made and sold about two thousand electric cars, but fell into hard times in 1900 after facing competition from gas-powered cars and legal problems stemming from these monopolistic practices, as well as scandal surrounding the poor performance of its vehicles. Whitney brought in industrial leader Albert Augustus Pope now, who brought the Columbia Automobile Company. The trust was reorganized as the parent company of several vehicle manufacturers, among them Columbia and the Riker Electric Vehicle Company, which was acquired in 1902. Electric Vehicle's chief asset was now the holding of the Selden Patent which established a right to royalties from all manufacturers of internal combustion engine vehicles. While this was initially lucrative, it led inevitably to opposition from the other manufacturers and expensive lawsuits, which ended with bankruptcy in 1907. The patent was valid until 1913, but lost its worth as the appellation court reduced it to vehicles with Brayton engines, of which none was used in a motor vehicle.

See also

Sources

  • David A. Kirsch: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ/ London 2000, ISBN 0-8135-2809-7
  • Ernest Henry Wakefield: History of the Electric Automobile; Battery-Only Powered Cars. edited by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). Warrendale PA 1970, ISBN 1-56091-299-5
  • Beverly Rae Kimes (editor), Henry Austin Clark jr.: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942. 3rd edition, Krause Publications, Iola WI 1996, ISBN 0-87341-428-4
  • Beverly Rae Kimes: Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America. edited by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). Permissions, Warrendale PA 2005, ISBN 0-7680-1431-X
  • James J. Flink: America Adopts the Automobile - 1895–1910. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970, ISBN 0-262-06036-1
  • James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988).
  • G. N. Georgano (editor): Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present. 2nd edition. Dutton Press, New York 1973, ISBN 0-525-08351-0

References

<references> [2] [1] [3] [4] [8] [6] [7]

  1. ^ a b c Kimes/Clark: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942 (1996), p. 525
  2. ^ a b "The Columbia Car: Reliable, Simple to Operate and Ready for Action". http://www.secondchancegarage.com. Retrieved 16 December 2013. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  3. ^ a b Kirsch: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. 2000, p. 41.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kirsch (2000)35 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Kimes/Clark: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942 (1996), p. 357
  6. ^ a b Kimes: Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels. 2005, p. 89.
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