Rhonchi: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Respiratory_sounds#Section title]] |
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Name = Rhonchi | |
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ICD10 = R09.8 | |
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ICD9 = {{ICD9|786.7}} |}} |
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'''Rhonchi''' are coarse rattling [[respiratory sounds]], usually caused by secretions in bronchial airways. "Rhonchi" is the plural form of the singular word "rhonchus". Since the mid-1990s, it has no longer been considered appropriate terminology in auscultation of the thorax, as much confusion has been reported in the published literature which confuses this with [[crackles|crepitations]] and [[wheezes]], so the exact nature of this term is unclear (see Fleischner Society for standardized terminology).{{Citation needed|reason=proper citation needed|date=July 2013}} |
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Similarly, [[rales]] are no longer used in much of Europe, North America, and Australia with regard to description of auscultatory findings. More appropriate terms for [[auscultation]] of the thorax are [[respiratory sounds]] and adventitious sounds ([[wheezes]], [[crackles]], [[Pleural friction rub|pleural rubs]]). These have variably been associated with low-pitched, continuous sounds that are similar to wheezes or crackles. Other terminology for sounds that may be auscultated in the thorax include pulmonary murmurs, [[egophony]], whispering pectoriloquy, and vocal fremitus. Also, [[Percussion (medicine)|percussion]] is often used to assess diseases of the chest. |
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==History== |
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In 1957, Robertson and Coope proposed the two main categories of adventitious (added) lung sounds. Those categories were "Continuous" and "Interrupted" (or non-continuous).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Robertson|first1=A|title=Rales, rhonchi, and Laennec|journal=Lancet|date=1957|volume=2|pages=417–23}}</ref> In 1976 the International Lung Sound Association simplified the sub-categories as follows: |
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:Continuous |
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::Wheezes (>400 Hz) |
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::Rhonchi (<200 Hz) |
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:Discontinuous |
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::Fine Crackles |
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::Coarse Crackles<ref>{{cite journal|last1=American Thoracic Society Ad Hoc Committee on Pulmonary Nomenclature|title=Updated nomenclature for membership reaction|journal=ATS News|date=1977|issue=3|pages=5–6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Loudon|first1=R|last2=Murphy|first2=R|title=Lung Sounds|journal=Am Rev Respir Dis|date=1984}}</ref> |
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Several sources will also refer to "Medium" crackles, as a crackling sound that seems to fall between the course and fine crackles. Crackles are defined as discreet sounds that last less than 20 ms, while the continuous sounds (Rhonchi and wheezes) last approximately 250 ms. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Asthma]] |
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* [[Crackles]] |
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* [[Auscultation]] |
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* [[Respiratory sounds]] |
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* [[Respiratory examination]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://respwiki.com/Breath_sounds Audio Breath Sounds]- Multiple case studies with audio files of lung sounds. |
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* [http://www.rale.ca/Recordings.htm R.A.L.E. Repository]- sound files of breath sounds |
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* [http://www.mediscuss.org/content.php?r=71-Respiratory-auscultation-tips-audio-mp3-examples/view/1 Adventitious Sounds of Respiratory System] |
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{{Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs}} |
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[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Respiratory system]] |
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{{med-sign-stub}} |
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Revision as of 20:40, 16 March 2016
| Rhonchi |
|---|
Rhonchi are coarse rattling respiratory sounds, usually caused by secretions in bronchial airways. "Rhonchi" is the plural form of the singular word "rhonchus". Since the mid-1990s, it has no longer been considered appropriate terminology in auscultation of the thorax, as much confusion has been reported in the published literature which confuses this with crepitations and wheezes, so the exact nature of this term is unclear (see Fleischner Society for standardized terminology).[citation needed]
Similarly, rales are no longer used in much of Europe, North America, and Australia with regard to description of auscultatory findings. More appropriate terms for auscultation of the thorax are respiratory sounds and adventitious sounds (wheezes, crackles, pleural rubs). These have variably been associated with low-pitched, continuous sounds that are similar to wheezes or crackles. Other terminology for sounds that may be auscultated in the thorax include pulmonary murmurs, egophony, whispering pectoriloquy, and vocal fremitus. Also, percussion is often used to assess diseases of the chest.
History
In 1957, Robertson and Coope proposed the two main categories of adventitious (added) lung sounds. Those categories were "Continuous" and "Interrupted" (or non-continuous).[1] In 1976 the International Lung Sound Association simplified the sub-categories as follows:
Several sources will also refer to "Medium" crackles, as a crackling sound that seems to fall between the course and fine crackles. Crackles are defined as discreet sounds that last less than 20 ms, while the continuous sounds (Rhonchi and wheezes) last approximately 250 ms.
See also
References
External links
- Audio Breath Sounds- Multiple case studies with audio files of lung sounds.
- R.A.L.E. Repository- sound files of breath sounds
- Adventitious Sounds of Respiratory System
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