Richard Stapledon

Sir Richard de Stapledon, detail from his effigy in Exeter Cathedral

Monument and effigy of Sir Richard de Stapledon, dressed as an armed knight, Exeter Cathedral. The cross-legged posture is supposed to denote a crusader

Sir Richard de Stapledon (d.1326) of Annery in the parish of Monkleigh, North Devon, England, was a judge and the elder brother of Walter de Stapledon (1261-1326) Bishop of Exeter. His effigy and monument survive in Exeter Cathedral.

Origins

Stapledon was probably born at Annery, the eldest son and heir of Sir Richard Stapledon, descended from a noble stock. The Stapledons originated at the estate of Stapledon, in the parish of Cookbury, near Holsworthy in Devon. His younger brother was Walter de Stapledon (1261-1326) Bishop of Exeter and twice Lord High Treasurer of England, who founded Exeter College, Oxford.

Career

Sir Richard de Stapledon was a lawyer and a judge, a Justice of Assizes for the western circuit. Few records have survived concerning his career.

Landholdings

Records of a lawsuit brought against "Richard de Stapledon, knight, of Devon" in 1341/5, thus after his death, or perhaps referring to a son then living, for recovery of a debt of £28 5 shillings owed to Master Robert Hereward, Archdeacon of Taunton, reveal that Stapledon held lands in Devon including one knight's fee in Huish, Fremington Hundred; parts of a fee in Stapledon, Cookbury, etc. in Black Torrington Hundred; in West Down, Braunton Hundred and in Broad Harford in South Molton Hundred. Stapledon was granted the demesnes of the manor of Milton Damerel by Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (1303-1377), whose effigy also survives in Exeter Cathedral. Milton Damerel later passed with Annery to the Hankfords.

Marriage & progeny

No records survive concerning the identity of Stapleton's wife. It was stated by Prince that Stapleton's progeny continued in the male line at Annery for a further two or three generations, and then on the failure of the male line passed via a daughter and sole heiress, Thomasine Stapledon, to her husband Sir Richard I Hankford, ancestor of Sir William Hankford (d. 1422), KB, Lord Chief Justice of England.

Death & burial

Horse and groom (or a cripple), detail from monument to Richard Stapledon, Exeter Cathedral

Painting by Solomon Hart, 1884, titled The Monument of Richard Stapleton in Exeter Cathedral

On 5 October 1326 Richard Stapledon was murdered in the City of London, whilst trying to rescue his brother the Bishop from an angry mob, which shortly afterwards murdered the latter also. The events were as follows. Bishop Stapledon was associated in the popular mind with the misdeeds of King Edward II. On fleeing London before the advancing troops of Queen Isabella, that king appointed Stapledon Custos or "Keeper" of the City of London, the population of which was mostly in favour of the Queen. Forseeing her forced entry into the City, Stapledon demanded from the Lord Mayor of London the keys to the gates, in order to lock her out. However, when the population heard of this they "lay in wait to surprise the bishop", who fled for safety from this mob into St Paul's Cathedral. According to Prince (d.1723), Sir Richard was with his brother at the time and attempted to save him from the mob. However, as he rode (presumably from the Bishop's Palace, Exeter House on The Strand) into the City towards St Paul's, through the gate called Cripplegate, a cripple took hold of one of the forelegs of his horse and by crossing it threw the horse and rider to the ground, whereupon Sir Richard was murdered by the mob. The Bishop reached St Paul's, but found no safety there as the mob entered and dragged him out and proceeded to beat and wound him and dragged him to the Great Cross at Cheapside "where those sons of the devil most barborously murdered him" on 5 October 1326. The Bishop was eventually given an honourable burial on the north side of the chancel of Exeter Cathedral, where his effigy and monument survive.

Monument in Exeter Cathedral

Monument to Sir Richard Stapledon, Exeter Cathedral

Sir Richard was also buried in Exeter Cathedral, near his brother the bishop, against the north wall across the north ambulatory from the Bishop's tomb. His tomb is marked by an elaborate monument comprising a recessed ogee shaped niche set into the wall, containing his recumbent effigy, in the form of a cross-legged knight, which style supposedly represens crusaders. Next to his effigy is a small statue of a horse and a man holding its reins. According to Prince (d.1723) this refers to the tradition of the cripple who seised the foreleg of Sir Richard's horse at Cripplegate and thereby threw him off his horse into the hands of the murderous mob. The Devon historian Sir William Pole (d.1635) stated that the arms of Stapledon (Argent, two bends wavy sable) were displayed on the shield of the effigy, but today no trace of colour remains. These arms are however still visible (possibly restored) on the nearby monument to his brother the bishop.