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The '''''cohortes urbanae''''' ([[Latin]] meaning ''urban cohorts'') of [[ancient Rome]] were created by [[Augustus]] to counterbalance the enormous power of the [[Praetorian Guard]] in the city of [[Rome]] and serve as a police force. They were led by the [[Praefectus urbi|urban prefect]]. |
The '''''cohortes urbanae''''' ([[Latin]] meaning ''urban cohorts'') of [[ancient Rome]] were created by [[Augustus]] to counterbalance the enormous power of the [[Praetorian Guard]] in the city of [[Rome]] and serve as a police force. They were led by the [[Praefectus urbi|urban prefect]]. |
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==Duties== |
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Their primary role was to [[police]] Rome and to counteract the roaming mobs and [[gang]]s that so often haunted its streets during the [[Roman Republic|Republic]]. The urban cohorts thus acted as a heavy duty police force, capable of [[riot control]] duties, while their contemporaries, the ''[[Vigiles]]'', had the day-to-day role of policing the streets and protecting against fires. As a trained [[paramilitary]] organization, the urban cohorts could, on rare occasions, take to the field of battle if necessary. This role, however, was only called upon in dire situations. [[Augustus]] established a city police force at Rome consisting of three urban cohorts (''cohortes urbanae'') under a newly appointed prefect of the city.<ref>{{cite book|last=Grant|first=Michael|title=History Of Rome|year=1978|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|location=New York: NY|isbn=0-684-15986-4|pages=256}}</ref> By this time the gangs of [[Titus Annius Milo]], [[Publius Clodius]], etc. which had been used by politicians during the Republic had been eliminated, mostly due to the efforts of [[Pompeius Magnus]] and, with the founding of the [[Principate]], had become moot since power no longer resided in the [[Roman Senate]] and [[Roman magistrates|elected officials]]. |
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Unlike the ''Vigiles'', who mostly operated at night as firewatch and watchmen, members of the urban cohorts were considered [[Roman legion|legionaries]], though with higher pay than the regular legions—if not quite as much as the [[Praetorian Guards]]—and tended to receive slightly higher [[donative]]s though, again, not as much as the Praetorians.<ref>{{cite book|last=Southern|first=Pat|title=The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York: NY|isbn=978-0-19-532878-3|pages=119–120}}</ref> |
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==Organization== |
==Organization== |
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Revision as of 02:34, 25 April 2016
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The cohortes urbanae (Latin meaning urban cohorts) of ancient Rome were created by Augustus to counterbalance the enormous power of the Praetorian Guard in the city of Rome and serve as a police force. They were led by the urban prefect.
Duties
Their primary role was to police Rome and to counteract the roaming mobs and gangs that so often haunted its streets during the Republic. The urban cohorts thus acted as a heavy duty police force, capable of riot control duties, while their contemporaries, the Vigiles, had the day-to-day role of policing the streets and protecting against fires. As a trained paramilitary organization, the urban cohorts could, on rare occasions, take to the field of battle if necessary. This role, however, was only called upon in dire situations. Augustus established a city police force at Rome consisting of three urban cohorts (cohortes urbanae) under a newly appointed prefect of the city.[1] By this time the gangs of Titus Annius Milo, Publius Clodius, etc. which had been used by politicians during the Republic had been eliminated, mostly due to the efforts of Pompeius Magnus and, with the founding of the Principate, had become moot since power no longer resided in the Roman Senate and elected officials.
Unlike the Vigiles, who mostly operated at night as firewatch and watchmen, members of the urban cohorts were considered legionaries, though with higher pay than the regular legions—if not quite as much as the Praetorian Guards—and tended to receive slightly higher donatives though, again, not as much as the Praetorians.[2]
Organization
Originally the cohortes urbanae were divided into three cohorts, each cohort being commanded by one tribune and six centurions. In the time of the Flavians this was increased to four cohorts. Each cohort contained around five hundred men. Only free citizens were eligible to serve in their ranks. As with the Praetorians, the men of the urban cohorts were predominantly of Italian stock.[3] Urban cohorts, (known as city cohorts in non-Roman cities) were later created in both the Roman North African city of Carthage and the city of Lugdunum in Roman Gaul (modern Lyon).[4]
See also
References
- ^ Grant, Michael (1978). History Of Rome. New York: NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 256. ISBN 0-684-15986-4.
- ^ Southern, Pat (2006). The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History. New York: NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-0-19-532878-3.
- ^ The Imperial Roman Army
- ^ The Imperial Roman Army
External links