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Additionally outside the region, Nauru is a member or participant of the [[ACP (Lomé Convention)]], the [[Alliance of Small Island States]], the [[Asian Development Bank]], the [[Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] (ESCAP), the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), the [[Group of 77|G-77]], the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]], the [[International Olympic Committee]], and the [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]]
Additionally outside the region, Nauru is a member or participant of the [[ACP (Lomé Convention)]], the [[Alliance of Small Island States]], the [[Asian Development Bank]], the [[Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] (ESCAP), the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), the [[Group of 77|G-77]], the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]], the [[International Olympic Committee]], and the [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]]


Nauru is notable for its lack of membership in several major international organizations. For example, Nauru is one of only three UN-recognized nations with a sea border that is not a member of the [[International Maritime Organization]] (the others are the Federated States of Micronesia and Niue). Similarly, Nauru is one of only seven UN members that is not a member of the [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]], one of 8 not part of the [[International Monetary Fund]], and one of 12 not part of the [[International Finance Corporation]]. Nauru also is not a member of the [[International Development Association]] and has no society associated with the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]]. Finally, as with many other nations in Oceania, Nauru is not a member of [[Interpol (organization)|Interpol]] or of the [[International Hydrographic Organization]].
Nauru is notable for its lack of membership in several major international organizations. For example, Nauru is one of only three UN-recognized nations with a sea border that is not a member of the [[International Maritime Organization]] (the others are the Federated States of Micronesia and Niue). Similarly, Nauru is one of only seven UN members that is not a member of the [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] and one of 12 not part of the [[International Finance Corporation]]. Nauru also is not a member of the [[International Development Association]] and has no society associated with the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]]. Finally, as with many other nations in Oceania, Nauru is not a member of [[Interpol (organization)|Interpol]] or of the [[International Hydrographic Organization]].


==Membership in regional organizations==
==Membership in regional organizations==

Revision as of 16:51, 4 May 2016

Politics of Nauru
Constitution
Institutions
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Related topics
Independence31 January 1968
Joined UN14 September 1999

Nauru, following independence from the United Kingdom, became a sovereign, independent republic on 31 January 1968. Nauru has established diplomatic relations with a number of nations, including most of its Pacific neighbors with which it maintains economic, cultural and administrative ties with its regionally.

Membership in international organizations

Nauru was admitted to the United Nations on 14 September 1999. Nauru's application to the United Nations was questioned by the People’s Republic of China due to Nauru's close diplomatic and trade links to Taiwan. Nevertheless, Nauru was granted UN full membership.

Nauru became a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations in May 1999. Since independence, Nauru had been a special member of the Commonwealth prior to 1999, but having fallen behind in payments, reverted to Special Member Status on 1 July 2005, with no authoritative power. It then returned to be a full member again on June 2011.[1]

Additionally outside the region, Nauru is a member or participant of the ACP (Lomé Convention), the Alliance of Small Island States, the Asian Development Bank, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the G-77, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Olympic Committee, and the ITU

Nauru is notable for its lack of membership in several major international organizations. For example, Nauru is one of only three UN-recognized nations with a sea border that is not a member of the International Maritime Organization (the others are the Federated States of Micronesia and Niue). Similarly, Nauru is one of only seven UN members that is not a member of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and one of 12 not part of the International Finance Corporation. Nauru also is not a member of the International Development Association and has no society associated with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Finally, as with many other nations in Oceania, Nauru is not a member of Interpol or of the International Hydrographic Organization.

Membership in regional organizations

Regional cooperation through various multilateral organizations is a key element in Nauru's foreign policy. The country also hosted the regional meeting that resulted in the Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation In The Management Of Fisheries Of Common Interest whose eight signatories (including Nauru) collectively controls 25-30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply.[2] Additionally, Nauru is a full member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

Hosting refugees

In 2001 Nauru became host to approximately 867 refugees, mostly Afghan, who were intercepted while attempting to enter Australia illegally. This exchange was one of many which were collectively known as Australia's Pacific Solution. In February 2008, the last of the refugees were resettled in Australia.[3][4] Nauru reportedly received about $10 million in assistance from Australia in exchange for agreeing to house the refugees while their asylum applications are adjudicated. [citation needed]

Bilateral relations

  Diplomatic relations established
  Diplomatic relations with the European Union, members not having established relations individually
  Diplomatic relations or recognition terminated

Australia

Main article: Australia–Nauru relations

AustraliaNauru

Australia administered Nauru as a dependent territory from 1914 to 1968, and has remained one of Nauru's foremost economic and aid partners thereafter. Relations between the two countries are, at present, cordial, with Australia having committed itself to assisting Nauru's economic development.

China (PRC and ROC)

See also: Sino-Pacific relations § Nauru

On 21 July 2002, then President Rene Harris of Nauru signed a joint communiqué in Hong Kong to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China.[5] In the document, the Government of the Republic of Nauru recognised that, "...that there is but one China in the world, that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of Chinese territory."[6] The declaration also contained an undertaking by Nauru to close its embassy in Taipei within one month, despite the fact Nauru had never had a diplomatic mission in Taiwan. This move followed the PRC's promise to provide more than $130 million USD in aid.

That same day, the Republic of China government issued an ultimatum, demanding that the communiqué be withdrawn within 24 hours or it would take the initiative and sever ties. There was much dissension within the Nauruan government over the move by Harris, which the President was alleged to have made on his own initiative. [citation needed] In the confusion, the Nauruan government did not respond to the ultimatum, which was extended an additional 24 hours, and the ROC followed through with its threat, breaking ties that had existed since 1980 on 23 July 2002. In 2003, Nauru closed its embassy in Beijing, prompting speculation of an imminent resumption of ties with the ROC.[7]

In April 2005, during a state visit to the Marshall Islands, ROC President Chen Shui-bian met and spoke with the Nauruan President Ludwig Scotty. On 14 May 2005, the two countries signed the necessary documents to restore formal ties and reopen embassies.[8] The People's Republic of China consequently severed ties two weeks later on 31 May.

Cuba

Main article: Cuban-Pacific relations

CubaNauru In the late 2000s, Nauru began to strengthen its relations with Cuba. Cuba provides medical aid to Nauru; an unspecified number of Cuban doctors are serving in Nauru.[9]

In June 2007, Nauru adopted the "Cuban literacy method", reportedly used also in several other countries.[10] In October 2007, Nauruan Foreign Minister and Trade Minister David Adeang travelled to Cuba to strengthen relations between the two island nations.[9] This led to the creation of a Cuba-Nauru Joint Intergovernmental Commission for Economic Cooperation.[11] At approximately this time, Nauru-US relations underwent tensions for reasons which were not completely clear (See also: Foreign relations of Nauru#Ties with the United States of America, above).

In September 2008, Nauru's foreign minister attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana, aimed at "strengtening cooperation" between Nauru and Cuba, notably on coping with the impact of climate change.[12][13]

India

Main article: India-Nauru relations

IndiaNauru India established relations with the country since its independence in 1968 and have had numerous visits by presidents of Nauru to the Republic since then. India is one of the largest Donors to the island by helping the education ministry and revamping the island's parliament facilities to its MP's and its Speaker. India has also reserved 5 slots for naruran citizens for training courses under the Indian Technical & Economical Cooperation (ITEC) programme in the year 2010-11.[3] One scholarship slot is also offered under General Cultural Scholarship of ICCR (Commonwealth Scheme).[14]

Israel

Main article: Israel–Nauru relations

IsraelNauru Between Israel and the Republic of Nauru are official diplomatic relations in 2013, and a collaboration on various subjects. Israel represents the non-resident ambassador to Nauru, Nauru whereas Israel represents a consul general and the Israeli media, David Ben-Bassat. State is considered, similar to other Pacific islands such as the Marshall Islands, Micronesia and Palau, a consistent supporter of Israel in international bodies, including the United Nations.

Russia

Main article: Nauru–Russia relations

RussiaNauru Russia is represented in Nauru through its embassy in Canberra (Australia). Russia's ambassador to Australia Alexander Blokhin serves concurrently as Russia's non-resident ambassador to Nauru (as well as to Fiji and Vanuatu).

Nauru's banks are said to have provided services to the mafia in Russia during the 1990s; over the course of the 1990s, approximately 70 billion U.S. dollars owned by Russian mafia were held in Nauru banks.[15]

In 2009 Nauru became the fourth country to recognize the states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, breakaway regions of Georgia. Only three other UN member states have done so. Russia was reported to be giving Nauru $50M in humanitarian aid in exchange.[16]

South Korea

Main article: Foreign relations of the Republic of Korea

South KoreaNauru The Republic of Korea and tNauru established diplomatic relations on August 20, 1979.[17]

United Kingdom

Main article: Nauru – United Kingdom relations

United KingdomNauru The Nauruan government maintains an Honorary Consul, Martin W I Weston, who has served in this role for a number of years. The British Government had ceased to exercise any direct role in the governance of Nauru by 1968.

United States

United StatesNauru The Nauruan government has a very complex relationship with the United States; the government of Bernard Dowiyogo agreed to stop passport sales and offshore banking in return for an extensive aid package. [citation needed] However, that aid has not been delivered and Nauru's formal and traditional leaders are now looking to Japan and China for assistance. According to the U.S. Department of State, Nauru has cordial relations with the United States[18]

The U.S. has no consular or diplomatic offices in Nauru. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Nauru and make periodic visits.

In September 2007, David Adeang, Nauru's Foreign Minister, made a number of public statements in relation to the United States. He extolled Cuba and criticized US foreign policy, during a visit to the Caribbean island.[19] Subsequently, the US Department of State, referring to events investigated in 2007, reported criticism of Adeang in its Human Rights Report, issued for 2008.[20] This criticism was included in the State Department's report, despite the fact that police, having undertaken an investigation of allegations of wrongdoing, made no attempt to prosecute Adeang. Shortly after Adeang's public pronouncements, a crisis, with himself at the centre, led to the collapse of President of Nauru Ludwig Scotty's government.

Trade between the United States and Nauru is limited by the latter's small size and economic problems. The value of two-way trade in 2005 was US$1.6 million.

In October 2008 the new US Ambassador to Fiji, also accredited to Nauru, pledged efforts to assist Nauru's economic development.[21]

Other countries

Nauru has diplomatic relations with most states in Oceania.[24] It also has ties with most major industrial countries, including Japan,[25] the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, France, the UK, Germany, Spain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America and South Africa.[23] Nauru has diplomatic relations with the European Union,[26] most of its member states[36] and a few other states in Europe,[37] including the Holy See (Vatican City).[38]

Nauru has established diplomatic relations also with Chile,[23] Egypt,[23] India,[23] Indonesia,[23] Israel,[23] Malaysia,[23] Maldives,[23] North Korea,[39] Philippines,[23] Singapore[23] and the United Arab Emirates.[23]

In 1995, Nauru broke off relations diplomatic relations with France to protest French nuclear testing in the Pacific. Relations were resumed in 1997.[40]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Brazil in November 2005.[41]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Vietnam on 23 June 2006.[42]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic on 19 February 2007.

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Kosovo on 23 April 2008. [43]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Malta on 19 November 2008.[32]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Lithuania in 2009.[30]

Nauru established diplomatic relations with Abkhazia on 15 December 2009.[44]

Finland recognised Nauru on 29 March 1968 and established diplomatic relations on 24 March 2009.[45]

On 11 March 2010 Nauru established diplomatic relations with Slovenia.[35]

On 21 May 2010 Nauru established diplomatic relations with Luxembourg.[31]

On 11 April 2011 Nauru established diplomatic relations with Romania.[33]

On 21 April 2011 Nauru established diplomatic relations with the Seychelles.[46]

In 2011, Nauru established diplomatic relations with Montenegro to the United Nations in New York: the ambassadors of respective countries were Milorad Šćepanović (Montenegro) and Marlena Moses (Nauru).

On 24 June 2011 Nauru established diplomatic relations with Slovakia.[34]

On 21 March 2012 Nauru established diplomatic relations with Estonia.[27]

On 3 October 2012 Nauru established diplomatic relations with The Gambia.[47]

In 2013, Nauru will begin relations with Palau.[citation needed]

On 24 November 2014 Nauru established diplomatic relations with Poland.[27]

Relations with partially recognised states

Nauru has used its position as a member of the United Nations to gain financial support from both the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) by changing its position on the political status of Taiwan. During 2002, Nauru signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC on 21 July. Nauru accepted $130m from the PRC for this action.[48] In response, the ROC severed diplomatic relations with Nauru two days later. Nauru later re-established links with the ROC on 14 May 2005,[49] and diplomatic ties with the PRC were officially severed on 31 May 2005. Similarly, Nauru recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on 12 August 1981. Then, on 15 September 2000, Nauru withdraw the recognition of the SADR, and signed accords with Morocco on the phosphates area, which are running out in the island.[50][51] In 2008, Nauru recognized Kosovo as an independent country. Then, in 2009, Nauru became only the fourth country to recognize the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which are both claimed by Georgia. Russia was reported to be giving Nauru $50m in humanitarian aid in return.[52]

See also

Missions in Nauru

Nauru and the Commonwealth of Nations

Nauru has been an independent Commonwealth republic since 1968.

References

  1. ^ "Nauru back as full Commonwealth member". Radio New Zealand International. 26 June 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  2. ^ http://klima-tuvalu.no/2011/04/13/pacific-islands-fighting-for-their-tuna/
  3. ^ "Last refugees leave Nauru - Immigration Media Release ce014/2008". Minister.immi.gov.au. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  4. ^ "Departing refugees leave Nauru camps empty - National". theage.com.au. 6 February 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  5. ^ "Nauru". Fmprc.gov.cn. 6 August 2003. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  6. ^ "Joint Communiqué of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Nauru on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Fmprc.gov.cn. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  7. ^ "Nauru shuts Beijing embassy, eyes renewed ties with Taiwan". The China Post. 2 August 2003. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  8. ^ "ROC restores ties with Nauru after 3 years". The China Post. 15 May 2005. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Cuba, Nauru to Strengthen Links - Prensa Latina". Plenglish.com. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  10. ^ "Cuban Literacy Method to Pacific Isle - Prensa Latina". Plenglish.com. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  11. ^ Economy Archived 2008-02-26 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Kiribati's Tong Meets Castro, Heads To UN", Pacific Magazine, 18 September 2008
  13. ^ "1st Cuba-Pacific Islands Ministerial Meeting opens in Havana", Xinhua, 16 September 2008
  14. ^ http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Nauru-January-2012.pdf
  15. ^ Pacific nation Nauru on brink of collapse The Age, 18 April 2004
  16. ^ Harding, Luke (14 December 2009). "Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognising breakaway republics". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  17. ^ http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/asiapacific/countries/20071018/1_24393.jsp?menu=m_30_10
  18. ^ "Nauru". State.gov. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  19. ^ "Noticias de Prensa Latina - Inicio". Plenglish.com. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  20. ^ "2008 Human Rights Report: Nauru". State.gov. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  21. ^ on 28 October 2008 UTC (28 October 2008). "29 October 2008". Rnzi.com. Retrieved 22 June 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Countries With Which the Federated States of Micronesia Has Established Diplomatic Relations
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Nauru UN Permanent Mission - List of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Nauru and Other Countries
  24. ^ Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (since 4/10/87),[22] Fiji, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.[23]
  25. ^ Nauru-Japan diplomatic relations established in 1968
  26. ^ External Service Directory - accreditations and responsibilities
  27. ^ a b c Estonia Established Diplomatic Relations with Nauru Cite error: The named reference "Estonia" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  28. ^ Greece diplomatic relations with Nauru since 1984
  29. ^ Diplomatic relations maintained trough PMUN in New York
  30. ^ a b Lithuanian government has just approved to establish diplomatic relations with Nauru Republic.
  31. ^ a b Luxembourg and Nauru establish diplomatic relations
  32. ^ a b The government of Malta, Nauru establish diplomatic relations
  33. ^ a b Romania and Nauru establish diplomatic relations
  34. ^ a b Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Nauru
  35. ^ a b The Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Nauru established diplomatic relations
  36. ^ Austria,[23] Belgium,[23] Bulgaria,[23] Cyprus,[23] Estonia,[27] France,[23] Germany,[23] Greece,[23][28] Ireland,[29] Italy,[23] Lithuania,[30] Luxembourg,[31] Malta,[32] Netherlands,[23] Romania,[33] Slovakia,[34] Slovenia,[35] Spain,[23] United Kingdom.[23]
  37. ^ Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Norway, Macedonia, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey.[23]
  38. ^ Diplomatic relations with the Holy See since 01.06.1992
  39. ^ DPRK Diplomatic Relations with Nauru since 2/25/1982
  40. ^ AFP news agency 12 December 1997 Micronesian state of Nauru re-establishes diplomatic relations with France
  41. ^ "Yahoo! News". Asia.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  42. ^ "ABC Radio Australia News". Radioaustralia.net.au. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  43. ^ http://www.president-ksgov.net/?id=5,67,67,67,a,786
  44. ^ International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia#States which formally recognise Abkhazia or South Ossetia as independent
  45. ^ MFA of Finland
  46. ^ Seychelles strengthens ties with small island states and establishes diplomatic relations with Nauru
  47. ^ The government of The Gambia has formally established diplomatic relations with two Pacific Island countries namely, the Republic of Nauru and the Republic of Kiribati.
  48. ^ Luke Harding in Moscow (14 December 2009). "Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognizing breakaway republics". London: Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  49. ^ AAP. 14 May 2005. Taiwan Re-establishes Diplomatic Ties with Nauru. Retrieved 2006-05-05. Archived 2006-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ "Nauru, Kosovo - MasterCard Diplomacy?". Balkan Insight. 18 December 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  51. ^ "Nauru Opposition Warns Australia". Voxy.co.nz. 29 October 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  52. ^ Harding, Luke (14 December 2009). "Tiny Nauru struts world stage by recognizing breakaway republics". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  53. ^ "Australian High Commission in the Republic of Nauru - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Dfat.gov.au. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  54. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of China (TAIWAN) - 駐外館處通訊錄". Mofa.gov.tw. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
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