Jump to content

Intercontinental Cup (1960–2004): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 11: Line 11:
| most successful club = {{nowrap|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|URU}} [[C.A. Peñarol|Peñarol]]}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]]}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]}}<br>{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Boca Juniors]]}}<br/>(3 titles each)
| most successful club = {{nowrap|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|URU}} [[C.A. Peñarol|Peñarol]]}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]]}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan|Milan]]}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]}}<br>{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Boca Juniors]]}}<br/>(3 titles each)
}}
}}
The '''Intercontinental Cup''', known earlier as '''European/South American Cup''', and as '''Toyota Cup''' from 1980 to 2004 for commercial reasons by agreement with the [[Toyota|automaker]], was an official [[international]] [[association football|football]] competition endorsed by the [[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA) and the [[CONMEBOL|Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol]] (CONMEBOL),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/printoutfiles/competitions/ucl/2010/e/e_01_md.pdf|title=Legend – UEFA club competition|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|format=PDF|page=99|year=2009|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish|url=http://www.conmebol.com/books/Repasando%20la%20Historia/Repasando%20la%20Historia.html|title=Competencias oficiales de la CONMEBOL|work=Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol|pages=99; 107|year=2011|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> contested between representative clubs from these confederations, usually the winners of the [[UEFA Champions League|European Champions' Cup]] (now known as the UEFA Champions League), and the South American [[Copa Libertadores]]. Presently this competition is completely replaced as [[Fifa Club World Cup]].
The '''Intercontinental Cup''', known earlier as '''European/South American Cup''', and as '''Toyota Cup''' from 1980 to 2004 for commercial reasons by agreement with the [[Toyota|automaker]], was an official [[international]] [[association football|football]] competition endorsed by the [[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA) and the [[CONMEBOL|Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol]] (CONMEBOL),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/printoutfiles/competitions/ucl/2010/e/e_01_md.pdf|title=Legend – UEFA club competition|work=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|format=PDF|page=99|year=2009|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|language=Spanish|url=http://www.conmebol.com/books/Repasando%20la%20Historia/Repasando%20la%20Historia.html|title=Competencias oficiales de la CONMEBOL|work=Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol|pages=99; 107|year=2011|accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> contested between representative clubs from these confederations, usually the winners of the [[UEFA Champions League|European Champions' Cup]] (now known as the UEFA Champions League), and the South American [[Copa Libertadores]]. Presently this competition is completely replaced as [[FIFA Club World Cup]].


From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was contested over a two legged tie, with a playoff if necessary until 1968, and [[penalty kick]]s later. During the 1970s, European participation in the Intercontinental Cup became a running question due controversial events in the [[1969 Intercontinental Cup|1969 final]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1969/intro.html|title=1969: Milan prevail in tough contest|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|date=22 October 1969|accessdate=21 November 2012}}</ref> and some European Champions Club' winner teams withdrew.<ref name="Risolo">Risolo, Don (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=sEh7A0arS8kC&pg=PA109&dq=intercontinental+cup+-+liverpool+refused+to+play&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CEZOT4fKO6Kt0QWSirieBQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=intercontinental%20cup%20-%20liverpool%20refused%20to%20play&f=false Soccer Stories: Anecdotes, Oddities, Lore, and Amazing Feats] p.109. U of Nebraska Press. Retrieved 29 February 2012.</ref> From 1980 until 2004, the competition was contested over a single match held in Japan and sponsored by [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[automotive industry|automaker]] [[Toyota]], which offered a secondary trophy, the Toyota Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompcwc/01/15/71/66/fcwc2012_kit.pdf|title=FIFA Club World Cup 2012 - Statistical Kit|page=9|work=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|format=PDF|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=21 November 2012}}</ref>
From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was contested over a two legged tie, with a playoff if necessary until 1968, and [[penalty kick]]s later. During the 1970s, European participation in the Intercontinental Cup became a running question due controversial events in the [[1969 Intercontinental Cup|1969 final]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/eusa/history/season=1969/intro.html|title=1969: Milan prevail in tough contest|publisher=Union des Associations Européennes de Football|date=22 October 1969|accessdate=21 November 2012}}</ref> and some European Champions Club' winner teams withdrew.<ref name="Risolo">Risolo, Don (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=sEh7A0arS8kC&pg=PA109&dq=intercontinental+cup+-+liverpool+refused+to+play&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CEZOT4fKO6Kt0QWSirieBQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=intercontinental%20cup%20-%20liverpool%20refused%20to%20play&f=false Soccer Stories: Anecdotes, Oddities, Lore, and Amazing Feats] p.109. U of Nebraska Press. Retrieved 29 February 2012.</ref> From 1980 until 2004, the competition was contested over a single match held in Japan and sponsored by [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[automotive industry|automaker]] [[Toyota]], which offered a secondary trophy, the Toyota Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompcwc/01/15/71/66/fcwc2012_kit.pdf|title=FIFA Club World Cup 2012 - Statistical Kit|page=9|work=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|format=PDF|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=21 November 2012}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:36, 24 May 2016

For other uses, see Intercontinental Cup.

Intercontinental Cup
European/South American Cup
Toyota Cup
Founded1960
1980 (in its last format)
Abolished2004
RegionEurope (UEFA)
South America (CONMEBOL)
Number of teams2
Most successful club(s)Uruguay Peñarol
Uruguay Nacional
Italy Milan
Spain Real Madrid
Argentina Boca Juniors
(3 titles each)

The Intercontinental Cup, known earlier as European/South American Cup, and as Toyota Cup from 1980 to 2004 for commercial reasons by agreement with the automaker, was an official international football competition endorsed by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL),[1][2] contested between representative clubs from these confederations, usually the winners of the European Champions' Cup (now known as the UEFA Champions League), and the South American Copa Libertadores. Presently this competition is completely replaced as FIFA Club World Cup.

From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was contested over a two legged tie, with a playoff if necessary until 1968, and penalty kicks later. During the 1970s, European participation in the Intercontinental Cup became a running question due controversial events in the 1969 final,[3] and some European Champions Club' winner teams withdrew.[4] From 1980 until 2004, the competition was contested over a single match held in Japan and sponsored by multinational automaker Toyota, which offered a secondary trophy, the Toyota Cup.[5]

All the winning teams are regarded as de facto, also as "FIFA World Club Champions". The first winner of the cup was Spanish side Real Madrid, defeating Uruguayan side Peñarol in 1960. The last winner was Portuguese side Porto, defeating Colombian side Once Caldas in a penalty shoot-out in 2004.

History

Beginnings

Created in 1960 at the initiative of the European confederation (UEFA), with CONMEBOL's support, the European/South American Cup, known also as the Intercontinental Cup, was contested by the holders of the European Champion Clubs’ Cup and the winners of its newly established South American equivalent, the Copa Libertadores. FIFA failed to authorise the competition in the 1960s[6] in 1961 prohibiting the competition from taking place unless the participants gave it a "private friendly match" status;[7] however, the competition went on, being endorsed by both UEFA and CONMEBOL all over its history, from 1960 to 2004, and both UEFA and CONMEBOL consider all editions official by including them in their records.[8][9][10] It was the brainchild of UEFA president Henri Delaunay, who also helped Jules Rimet in the realization of the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930.[11][12] Initially played over two legs, with a third match if required in the early years (when goal difference did not count), the competition had a rather turbulent existence. The first winners of the competition was Spanish club Real Madrid. Real Madrid managed to hold Uruguayan side Peñarol 0-0 in Montevideo and trounce the South Americans 5-1 in Madrid to become the first winners of the competition.[13][14][15] After the victory of Real Madrid in the first edition of the Intercontinental Cup, Barcelona newspaper El Mundo Deportivo hailed the Madrid team as the First World Champion Club, on the one hand pointing out that the competition "did not include Africans, Asians and other countries part to FIFA", on the other hand expressing doubt that these regions might present football of the same high quality of Europe and South America.[16] The Spaniards titled themselves world champions until FIFA stepped in and objected; citing that the competition did not include any other champions from the other confederations, FIFA stated that they can only claim to be intercontinental champions of a competition played between two organizations.[17] Peñarol would appear again the following year and come out victorious after beating Portuguese club Benfica on the playoff; after a 1-0 win by the Europeans in Lisboa and a 5-0 trashing by the South Americans, a playoff at the Estadio Centenario saw the home side squeeze a 2-1 win to become the first South American side to win the competition.[18][19][20]

In 1962 the tournament grew more in worldwide attention after it was swept through the sublime football of a Santos team led by Pelé, considered by some the best club team of all times.[21] Os Santásticos, also known as O Balé Branco (or white ballet), which dazzled the world during that time and containing stars such as Gilmar, Mauro, Mengálvio, Coutinho, and Pepe, won the title after defeating Benfica 3-2 in Rio de Janeiro and thrashing the Europeans 2-5 in their Estádio da Luz.[22][23][24] Santos would successfully defend the title in 1963 after being pushed all the way by Milan. After each side won 4-2 at their respective home legs, a playoff match at the Maracanã saw Santos keep the title after a tight 1-0 victory.[22][25] The competition had attracted the interest of other continents. The North and Central America condeferation, CONCACAF, had asked, unsuccessfully, to participate.[24][26] Milan's fierce rivals, Inter Milan, would go on to win the 1964 and 1965 editions, beating Argentine club Independiente on both occasions.[27][28][29][30][31] Peñarol gain revenge for their loss in 1960 by crushing Real Madrid 4-0 in aggregate in 1966.[20][32][33]

Rioplatense violence

However, as a result of the violence often practised in the Copa Libertadores by Argentine and Uruguayan clubs during the 1960s,[34] disagreements with CONMEBOL, the lack of financial incentives and the violent, brutal and controversial way the Brazilian national team was treated in the 1966 FIFA World Cup by European teams, Brazilian football - including its club sides - declined to participate in international competitions in the late 1960s, including the Copa Libertadores and consequently the Intercontinental Cup. During this time, the competition became dogged by foul play.[35] Calendar problems, acts of brutality, even on the pitch, and boycotts tarnished its image, to the point of bringing into question the wisdom of organizing it at all.

The 1967 edition between Argentina's Racing Club and Scotland's Celtic was a violent affair, with the third decisive game being dubbed "The Battle of Montevideo" after three players from the Scottish side and two the Argentine side were sent off. A fourth Celtic player was also dismissed, but amid the chaos he got away with staying on.[36][37][38][39]

A.C. Milan's Nestor Combin was left bloodied and unconscious after a brutal series against Estudiantes de La Plata.

The following season, Argentine side Estudiantes de La Plata faced England's Manchester United in which the return leg saw Estudiantes come out on top of a bad-tempered series.[40][41][42] But it was the events of 1969 which damaged the competition's integrity.[43] After a 3-0 win at San Siro, Milan went to Buenos Aires to play Estudiantes at La Bombonera.[44][45][46] Estudiantes' players booted balls at the Milan team as they warmed up and hot coffee was poured on the Italians as they emerged from the tunnel by Estudiantes' fans. Estudiantes resorted to inflicting elbows and allegedly even needles at the Milanese team in order to intimidate them. Pierino Prati was knocked unconscious and continued for a further 20 minutes despite suffering from a mild concussion. Estudiantes goalkeeper Alberto Poletti also punched Gianni Rivera, but the most vicious treatment was reserved for Nestor Combin-an Argentinean-born striker, who had faced accusations of being a traitor as he was on the opposite side of the intercontinental match.[43][47][48]

Combin was kicked in the face by Poletti and later had his nose and cheekbone broken by the elbow of Ramón Aguirre Suárez. Bloodied and broken, Combin was asked to return to the pitch by the referee but fainted. While unconscious, Combin was arrested by Argentine police on a charge of draft dodging, having not undertaken military service in the country. The player was forced to spend a night in the cells, eventually being released after explaining he had fulfilled national service requirements as a French citizen.[43] Estudiantes won the game 2-1 but Milan took the title on aggregate.[43][46][47][48]

Italian newspaper Gazzetta dello Sport dubbed it "Ninety minutes of a man-hunt". The Argentinean press responded with "The English were right" - a reference to Alf Ramsey's famous description of the Argentina national football team as "animals" during the 1966 FIFA World Cup.[43][47][48] The Argentinean Football Association (AFA), under heavy international pressure, took stern action. Argentina's President, military dictator Juan Carlos Onganía, summoned Estudiantes delegate Oscar Ferrari and demanded "the severest appropriate measures in defence of the good name of the national sport. [It was a] lamentable spectacle which breached most norms of sporting ethics".[43][47][48] Poletti was banned from the sport for life, Suarez was banned for 30 games, and Eduardo Manera for 20 with the former and latter serving a month in jail.[43]

Degradation

Due to the brutality in these editions, FIFA was called into providing penalties and regulating the tournament. However, FIFA stated that it could not stipulate regulations in a competition that it did not organize. Though the competition was endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL as an official competition, René Courte, FIFA's General Sub-Secretary, wrote an article shortly afterwards stating that FIFA viewed the competition as a "European-South American friendly match".[49] Courte's statement was endorsed by then FIFA president Sir Stanley Rous, who then stated that FIFA saw the Intercontinental Cup as a friendly match.[50][51][52][53] Madrid newspaper ABC then pointed out that, though the Intercontinental Cup was not officially endorsed by FIFA, it was endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL, therefore being an "intercontinental jurisdiction" cup.[54] However, with the Asian and North-Central American club competitions in place, FIFA opened the idea of supervising the competition if it included those confederations, which was met with a negative response from its participating confederations, UEFA and CONMEBOL. According to Stanley Rous, CONCACAF and the Asian Football Confederation had requested their participation in the Intercontinental Cup, which was rejected by UEFA and CONMEBOL.[55][56][57][58][59][60] Nevertheless, some European champions started to decline participation in the tournament after the events of 1969.[61]

Estudiantes would face Dutch side Feyenoord the following season, which saw the Europeans victorious. Oscar Malbernat ripped off Joop van Daele's glasses and trampled on them claiming that he was "not allowed to play with glasses."[62][63][64][65] Dutch side Ajax, European champions of 1971, would decline to face Uruguay's Nacional due to the latter side's reputation for violent play, which resulted in European Cup runners-up, Greek side Panathinaikos, participating.[66][67][68] Nacional's Luis Artime ended up breaking Yiannis Tomaras' leg in two places in the first leg as Nacional won the series 3-2 on aggregate.[66][67][68][69]

Ajax participated in 1972 against Independiente.[70][71][72] The team's arrival at Buenos Aires was extremely hostile: Johan Cruyff received several death threats from Independiente's local fan firms.[73] Due to the indifference from the Argentine police, Ajax manager Ştefan Kovács appointed an organized emergency security detail for the Nederlandse meester, headed by himself and team member Barry Hulshoff, described as a big and burly man.[73] In the first leg, Cruyff opened the scoring in Avellaneda at the 5th minute. As a result, Dante Mircoli retaliated with a vicious tackle a couple of minutes later; Cruyff was too injured to continue and the Dutch team found themselves being assaulted with tackles and punches.[70][71][72] Kovács had to convince his team to play on during half-time as his players wanted to withdraw.[70][71][72] Ajax squeezed a 1-1 tie and followed up with a 3-0 trounce in Amsterdam to win the Cup.[70][71][72][74] Although Ajax were the defending champions, they again declined to participate a year later after Independiente won Libertadores again, leaving it to Juventus, European Cup runners-up, to play a single-match final won by the Argentines.[71][72][75][76] That same year, French newspaper L'Equipe, who helped bring about the birth of the European Cup, volunteered to sponsor a Club World Cup contested by the champions of Europe, South America, Central and North America and Africa, the only continental club tournaments in existence at the time; the competition was to potentially take place in Paris between September and October 1974 with an eventual final to be held at the Parc des Princes.[61][61][77][78][79] The proposal, supported by the South Americans,[61] was dismissed due to the negativity of the Europeans.[79]

German club Bayern Munich also declined to play in 1974 as Independiente again qualified to participate.[80][81][82][83] European Cup runners-up Atlético Madrid from Spain won the competition 2-1 on aggregate.[80][81] Once again, Independiente qualified to participate in 1975; this time, both finalists of the European Cup declined to participate and the competition was not played.[84] That same year, L'Equipe tried, once again, to create a Club World Cup, in which the participants would have been: the four semifinalists of the European Cup, both finalists of the Copa Libertadores, as well as the African and Asian champions. However, UEFA declined once again and the proposal failed.[85]

In 1976, when Brazilian side Cruzeiro won the Copa Libertadores, the European champions Bayern Munich willingly participated, with the Bavarians winning 2–0 on aggregate. In an interview with Jornal do Brasil, Bayern's manager Dettmar Cramer denied that Bayern's refusal to dispute the 1974 and 1975 Intercontinental Cups were a result of the rivals being Argentine teams. He claimed it was a scheduling impossibility, rather, which kept the Germans from participating. He also stated that the competition was not economically rewarding due to the team's fan base's disinterest in the Cup. To cover the costs of playing the first leg in Munich's Olympiastadion, the organizers needed to have a minimum of 25,000 spectators. However, due to heavy snow and cold weather, only 18,000 showed up. Because of this deficit, Cramer stated that if Bayern were to win the European Cup again, they would decline to participate as it held no assurances of income.[86]

Argentine side Boca Juniors qualified for the 1977 and 1978 editions, for which the European champions, English club Liverpool, declined to participate on both occasions. In 1977, Boca Juniors defeated European Cup runners-up, German club Borussia Mönchengladbach, 5-2 on aggregate.[87][88][89][90] Boca Juniors declined to face Belgian club Brugge in 1978 leaving that edition undisputed.[84] Paraguay's Olimpia won the 1979 edition against European Cup runners-up, Swedish side Malmö FF, after winning both legs.[91][92][93][94] However, the competition had greatly declined in prestige. After the 0-1 win of the South Americans in the first leg at Malmö, which saw fewer than 5000 Swedish fans turn up, Spanish newspaper El Mundo Deportivo called the Cup "a dog without an owner", adding:[61]

The truth is that the Intercontinental Cup is an adventitious competition without foundation. It has no known owner, it depends on a strange consensus and the interested clubs are not tempted to risk much for so little money, as evidenced by the attendance at the game in Malmö, played, of course, in absence of this year's champion, Nottingham Forest, by the Swedish team, finalist in one of the most boring and worst games played to cap off the European Cup since 1956.

According to Brazilian newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, the deal for the establishment of the Interamerican Cup was made in 1968 by CONMEBOL and CONCACAF, and established that the Interamerican Cup champion club would be entitled to represent the American continent in the Intercontinental Cup.[95] According to the Mexican newspapers, after winning the 1977 and 1980 editions of the Interamerican Cup, Mexican clubs America and PUMAS Unam, and the Mexican Football Association, demanded, unsuccessfully, to participate in the Intercontinental Cup.[96][97][98]

Rebirth in Japan

Seeing the deterioration of the Intercontinental Cup, Japanese motor corporation Toyota took the competition under its wing. It created contractual obligations to have the Intercontinental Cup played in Japan once a year in which every club participating were obliged to participate or face legal consequences. This modern format breathed new air into the competition which saw a new trophy handed out along with the Intercontinental Cup, the Toyota Cup.

To protect themselves against the possibility of European withdrawals, Toyota, UEFA and every European Cup participant signed annual contracts requiring the eventual winners of the European Cup to participate at the Intercontinental Cup, as a condition UEFA stipulated to the clubs' participation in the European Cup, or risk facing an international lawsuit from UEFA and Toyota.[99]

The first Toyota Cup was held in 1980 which saw Uruguay's Nacional triumph over Nottingham Forest. The 1980s saw a domination by South American sides as Brazil's Flamengo and Grêmio, Uruguay's Nacional and Peñarol, Argentina's Independiente and River Plate take the spoils once each after Nacional's victory in 1980. Only Juventus, Portugal's FC Porto and Milan managed to bring the trophy to the European continent. In that decade, the English Football Association tried organizing a Club World Cup sponsored by promoting company West Nally only to be shot down by UEFA.[100]

The 1990s proved to be a decade dominated by European teams as Milan, Red Star Belgrade, Ajax, Juventus, Real Madrid, Manchester United and newcomers Borussia Dortmund of Germany were fueled to victory by its economic powers and heavy poaching of South American stars. Only three title went to South America as São Paulo and Argentina's Vélez Sársfield came out the winners, each of them defeating Milan with São Paulo's inaugural win being over Barcelona. The 2000s would see Boca Juniors win the competition twice for South America while European victories came from Bayern Munich, Real Madrid and Porto. The 2004 Intercontinental Cup proved to be the last edition as the competition was absorbed into the FIFA Club World Cup.

De facto World Championship

All the winning teams are regarded as de facto "world club champions".[101][102][103][104] According to some texts on FIFA.com, due to the superiority at sporting level of the European and South American clubs to the rest of the world, reflected earlier in the tournament for national teams, the winning clubs of the Intercontinental Cup were named world champions and can claim to be world champions,[105][106] in a "symbolic" club world championship,[107] while the FIFA Club World Cup would have another dimension,[108] as the "true" world club showdown,[109][110][111] created because, with the passage of time and the development of football outside Europe and South America, it had become "unrealistic" to continue to confer the symbolic title of world champion upon the winners of the Intercontinental Cup,[112] the idea to expand it being mentioned for the first time in 1967 by Stanley Rous as CONCACAF and the AFC had established their continental club competitions and requested the participation,[53][55][56][57][58][59][60] an expansion that was to occur only in 2000 through the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. Nevertheless, some European champions started to decline participation in the tournament after the events of 1969.[61] Though "symbolic" or de facto as a club world championship, the Intercontinental Cup is official at confederation level, with both UEFA and CONMEBOL considering all editions of the competition as part of their official honours.[8][9][10]

Despite being chronologically the fourth international competition created to define "the best team in the world" after Lipton Trophy, Copa Rio and Pequeña Copa del Mundo due to FIFA's inability to organize club competitions,[113] it is considered by that international governing body as the one of the two predecessors[101] to the FIFA Club World Cup, held for the first time in 2000. It was regarded by FIFA as the sole predecessor[114] until the June 2014 FIFA Executive Committee meeting, which declared the 1951 edition of Copa Rio as "the first worldwide club tournament with teams from Europe and South America".[115][116]

Trophy

The competition trophy bears the words "Coupe Européenne-Sudamericaine" ("European-South American Cup") at the top. At the base of the trophy, there is the round logo of UEFA and a map of South America in a circle.

Cup format

From 1960 to 1979, the Intercontinental Cup was played in two legs. Between 1960 and 1968, the cup was decided on points only, the same format used by CONMEBOL to determine the winner of the Copa Libertadores final through 1987. Because of this format, a third match was needed when both teams were equal on points. Commonly this match was host by the continent where the last game of the series was played. From 1969 through 1979, the competition adopted the European standard method of aggregate score, with away goals.

Starting in 1980, the final became a single match. Up until 2001, the matches were held at Tokyo's National Stadium. Finals since 2002 were held at the Yokohama International Stadium, also the venue of the 2002 FIFA World Cup final.

Results

Key
Match was won during extra time
Match was won on a penalty shoot-out
‡ Play-off match where teams were tied on points (1 win and 1 defeat each)
# European runner-up contested in place of European champion
Year Country Winner Score Runner-up Country Venue Location Refs
1960  ESP Real Madrid 0–0 Peñarol  URU Estadio Centenario Montevideo, Uruguay [117]
 ESP Real Madrid 5–1 Peñarol  URU Santiago Bernabéu Madrid, Spain
1961  URU Peñarol 0–1 Benfica  POR Estádio da Luz Lisbon, Portugal [118]
 URU Peñarol 5–0 Benfica  POR Estadio Centenario Montevideo, Uruguay
 URU Peñarol ‡2–1‡ Benfica  POR Estadio Centenario Montevideo, Uruguay
1962  BRA Santos 3–2 Benfica  POR Maracanã Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [119]
 BRA Santos 5–2 Benfica  POR Estádio da Luz Lisbon, Portugal
1963  BRA Santos 2–4 Milan  ITA San Siro Milan, Italy [120]
 BRA Santos 4–2 Milan  ITA Maracanã Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 BRA Santos ‡1–0‡ Milan  ITA Maracanã Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1964  ITA Inter Milan 0–1 Independiente  ARG La Doble Visera Avellaneda, Argentina [121]
 ITA Inter Milan 2–0 Independiente  ARG San Siro Milan, Italy
 ITA Inter Milan ‡1–0‡ Independiente  ARG Santiago Bernabéu Madrid, Spain
1965  ITA Inter Milan 3–0 Independiente  ARG San Siro Milan, Italy [122]
 ITA Inter Milan 0–0 Independiente  ARG La Doble Visera Avellaneda, Argentina
1966  URU Peñarol 2–0 Real Madrid  ESP Estadio Centenario Montevideo, Uruguay [123]
 URU Peñarol 2–0 Real Madrid  ESP Santiago Bernabéu Madrid, Spain
1967  ARG Racing 0–1 Celtic  SCO Hampden Park Glasgow, Scotland [124]
 ARG Racing 2–1 Celtic  SCO El Cilindro Avellaneda, Argentina
 ARG Racing ‡1–0‡ Celtic  SCO Estadio Centenario Montevideo, Uruguay
1968  ARG Estudiantes 1–0 Manchester United  ENG Estadio Camilo Cichero Buenos Aires, Argentina [125]
 ARG Estudiantes 1–1 Manchester United  ENG Old Trafford Manchester, England
1969  ITA Milan 3–0 Estudiantes  ARG San Siro Milan, Italy [126]
 ITA Milan 1–2 Estudiantes  ARG Estadio Camilo Cichero Buenos Aires, Argentina
1970  NED Feyenoord 2–2 Estudiantes  ARG Estadio Camilo Cichero Buenos Aires, Argentina [127]
 NED Feyenoord 1–0 Estudiantes  ARG De Kuip Rotterdam, Netherlands
1971  URU Nacional 1–1 Panathinaikos#1  GRE Karaiskakis Stadium Piraeus, Greece [128]
 URU Nacional 2–1 Panathinaikos#1  GRE Estadio Centenario Montevideo, Uruguay
1972  NED Ajax 1–1 Independiente  ARG La Doble Visera Avellaneda, Argentina [129]
 NED Ajax 3–0 Independiente  ARG Olympic Stadium Amsterdam, Netherlands
1973  ARG Independiente 1–0 Juventus#2  ITA Stadio Olimpico Rome, Italy [130]
Second leg was not played. Argentina Independiente declared winner.
1974  ESP Atlético Madrid#3 0–1 Independiente  ARG La Doble Visera Avellaneda, Argentina [131]
 ESP Atlético Madrid#3 2–0 Independiente  ARG Vicente Calderón Madrid, Spain
1975
Germany Bayern Munich and Argentina Independiente did not find compatible schedule to play.
[132]
1976  FRG Bayern Munich 2–0 Cruzeiro  BRA Olympiastadion Munich, West Germany [133]
 FRG Bayern Munich 0–0 Cruzeiro  BRA Mineirão Belo Horizonte, Brazil
1977  ARG Boca Juniors 2–2 Borussia Mönchengladbach#4  FRG La Bombonera Buenos Aires, Argentina [134]
 ARG Boca Juniors 3–0 Borussia Mönchengladbach#4  FRG Wildparkstadion Karlsruhe, West Germany
1978
England Liverpool and Argentina Boca Juniors declined to play each other.
[132]
1979  PAR Olimpia 1–0 Malmö FF#5  SWE Malmö Stadion Malmö, Sweden [135]
 PAR Olimpia 2–1 Malmö FF#5  SWE Defensores del Chaco Asunción, Paraguay
1980  URU Nacional 1–0 Nottingham Forest  ENG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [136]
1981  BRA Flamengo 3–0 Liverpool  ENG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [137]
1982  URU Peñarol 2–0 Aston Villa  ENG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [138]
1983  BRA Grêmio 2–1 (aet) Hamburg  FRG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [139]
1984  ARG Independiente 1–0 Liverpool  ENG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [140]
1985  ITA Juventus 2–2 (4–2 p) Argentinos Juniors  ARG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [141]
1986  ARG River Plate 1–0 Steaua București  ROU National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [142]
1987  POR Porto 2–1 (aet) Peñarol  URU National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [143]
1988  URU Nacional 2–2 (7–6 p) PSV Eindhoven  NED National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [144]
1989  ITA Milan 1–0 (aet) Atlético Nacional  COL National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [145]
1990  ITA Milan 3–0 Olimpia  PAR National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [146]
1991  YUG Red Star Belgrade 3–0 Colo-Colo  CHI National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [147]
1992  BRA São Paulo 2–1 Barcelona  ESP National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [148]
1993  BRA São Paulo 3–2 Milan#6  ITA National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [149]
1994  ARG Vélez Sársfield 2–0 Milan  ITA National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [150]
1995  NED Ajax 0–0 (4–3 p) Grêmio  BRA National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [151]
1996  ITA Juventus 1–0 River Plate  ARG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [152]
1997  GER Borussia Dortmund 2–0 Cruzeiro  BRA National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [153]
1998  ESP Real Madrid 2–1 Vasco da Gama  BRA National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [154]
1999  ENG Manchester United 1–0 Palmeiras  BRA National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [155]
2000  ARG Boca Juniors 2–1 Real Madrid  ESP National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [156]
2001  GER Bayern Munich 1–0 (aet) Boca Juniors  ARG National Stadium Tokyo, Japan [157]
2002  ESP Real Madrid 2–0 Olimpia  PAR International Stadium Yokohama, Japan [158]
2003  ARG Boca Juniors 1–1 (3–1 p) Milan  ITA International Stadium Yokohama, Japan [159]
2004  POR Porto 0–0 (8–7 p) Once Caldas  COL International Stadium Yokohama, Japan [160]

Notes

Performances

The performance of various clubs is shown in the following tables:[132][169]

Performance by club

Club Winners Runners-up Winning years Runner-up years
Italy Milan
3
4
1969, 1989, 1990 1963, 1993, 1994, 2003
Uruguay Peñarol
3
2
1961, 1966, 1982 1960, 1987
Spain Real Madrid
3
2
1960, 1998, 2002 1966, 2000
Argentina Boca Juniors
3
1
1977, 2000, 2003 2001
Uruguay Nacional
3
—
1971, 1980, 1988 —
Argentina Independiente
2
4
1973, 1984 1964, 1965, 1972, 1974
Italy Juventus
2
1
1985, 1996 1973
Brazil Santos
2
—
1962, 1963 —
Italy Inter Milan
2
—
1964, 1965 —
Brazil São Paulo
2
—
1992, 1993 —
Netherlands Ajax
2
—
1972, 1995 —
Germany Bayern Munich
2
—
1976, 2001 —
Portugal Porto
2
—
1987, 2004 —
Argentina Estudiantes
1
2
1968 1969, 1970
Paraguay Olimpia
1
2
1979 1990, 2002
Brazil Grêmio
1
1
1983 1995
Argentina River Plate
1
1
1986 1996
England Manchester United
1
1
1999 1968
Argentina Racing
1
—
1967 —
Netherlands Feyenoord
1
—
1970 —
Spain Atlético Madrid
1
—
1974 —
Brazil Flamengo
1
—
1981 —
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Red Star Belgrade
1
—
1991 —
Argentina Vélez Sarsfield
1
—
1994 —
Germany Borussia Dortmund
1
—
1997 —
Portugal Benfica
—
2
— 1961, 1962
England Liverpool
—
2
— 1981, 1984
Brazil Cruzeiro
—
2
— 1976, 1997
Scotland Celtic
—
1
— 1967
Greece Panathinaikos
—
1
— 1971
Germany Borussia Mönchengladbach
—
1
— 1977
Sweden Malmö FF
—
1
— 1979
England Nottingham Forest
—
1
— 1980
England Aston Villa
—
1
— 1982
Germany Hamburg
—
1
— 1983
Argentina Argentinos Juniors
—
1
— 1985
Romania Steaua București
—
1
— 1986
Netherlands PSV Eindhoven
—
1
— 1988
Colombia Atlético Nacional
—
1
— 1989
Chile Colo-Colo
—
1
— 1991
Spain Barcelona
—
1
— 1992
Brazil Vasco da Gama
—
1
— 1998
Brazil Palmeiras
—
1
— 1999
Colombia Once Caldas
—
1
— 2004

Performance by country

Country Winners Runners-up Winning clubs Winning years
 Argentina
9
9
Boca, Independiente, Estudiantes, River, Racing, Vélez 1967, 1968, 1973, 1977, 1984, 1986, 1994, 2000, 2003
 Italy
7
5
Milan, Juventus, Inter Milan 1964, 1965, 1969, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1996
 Brazil
6
5
Santos, São Paulo, Grêmio, Flamengo 1962, 1963, 1981, 1983, 1992, 1993
 Uruguay
6
2
Peñarol, Nacional 1961, 1966, 1971, 1980, 1982, 1988
 Spain
4
3
Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid 1960, 1974, 1998, 2002
 Germany
3
2
Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund 1976, 1997, 2001
 Netherlands
3
1
Ajax, Feyenoord 1970, 1972, 1995
 Portugal
2
2
Porto 1987, 2004
 England
1
5
Manchester United 1999
 Paraguay
1
2
Olimpia 1979
 Yugoslavia
1
—
Red Star Belgrade 1991
 Colombia
—
2
— —
 Scotland
—
1
— —
 Greece
—
1
— —
 Sweden
—
1
— —
 Romania
—
1
— —
 Chile
—
1
— —

Performance by confederation

Confederation Winners Runners-up Winning Clubs Countries
CONMEBOL
22
21
13
4
UEFA
21
22
12
7

Coaches

Players

All-Time Top Scorers

  • Pelé is the all-time top scorer in the competition having scored 7 goals in 3 matches.
    • In 1962, he scored 5 goals in 2 matches against Portugal Benfica, including a hat-trick in the second leg played in Lisbon (the only hat-trick in the competition's history).
    • In 1963, he scored 2 goals in 1 match (in the first leg played away to Italy Milan).[170][171][172]
  • Only 6 players scored at least 3 goals in the Intercontinental Cup.[173]
Player Club Goals Apps Years
Brazil Pelé Brazil Santos
7
3
1962, 1963
Ecuador Uruguay Alberto Spencer Uruguay Peñarol
6
6
1960, 1961, 1966
Argentina Luis Artime Uruguay Nacional
3
2
1971
Uruguay José Francisco Sasía Uruguay Peñarol
3
3
1961
Portugal Joaquim Santana Portugal Benfica
3
4
1961, 1962
Italy Alessandro Mazzola Italy Inter Milan
3
4
1964, 1965

Man of the Match

Year Player Club
1980
Uruguay Waldemar Victorino Uruguay Nacional
1981
Brazil Zico Brazil Flamengo
1982
Brazil Jair Uruguay Peñarol
1983
Brazil Renato Gaúcho Brazil Grêmio
1984
Argentina José Percudani Argentina Independiente
1985
France Michel Platini Italy Juventus
1986
Uruguay Antonio Alzamendi Argentina River Plate
1987
Algeria Rabah Madjer Portugal Porto
1988
Uruguay Santiago Ostolaza Uruguay Nacional
1989
Italy Alberigo Evani Italy Milan
1990
Netherlands Frank Rijkaard Italy Milan
1991
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vladimir Jugović Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Red Star Belgrade
1992
Brazil Raí Brazil São Paulo
1993
Brazil Toninho Cerezo Brazil São Paulo
1994
Argentina Omar Asad Argentina Vélez Sársfield
1995
Netherlands Danny Blind Netherlands Ajax
1996
Italy Alessandro Del Piero Italy Juventus
1997
Germany Andreas Möller Germany Borussia Dortmund
1998
Spain Raúl Spain Real Madrid
1999
Wales Ryan Giggs England Manchester United
2000
Argentina Martín Palermo Argentina Boca Juniors
2001
Ghana Samuel Kuffour Germany Bayern Munich
2002
Brazil Ronaldo Spain Real Madrid
2003
Argentina Matías Donnet Argentina Boca Juniors
2004
Portugal Maniche Portugal Porto

References

  1. ^ "Legend – UEFA club competition" (PDF). Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 2009. p. 99. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  2. ^ "Competencias oficiales de la CONMEBOL". Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (in Spanish). 2011. pp. 99, 107. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  3. ^ "1969: Milan prevail in tough contest". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. October 22, 1969. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
  4. ^ Risolo, Don (2010). Soccer Stories: Anecdotes, Oddities, Lore, and Amazing Feats p.109. U of Nebraska Press. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  5. ^ "FIFA Club World Cup 2012 - Statistical Kit" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Football Association. November 6, 2012. p. 9. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
  6. ^ UEFA Direct, nº 105, 2011, page 15. Access on 04/Feb/2013.
  7. ^ Mundo Deportivo. Spanish sports newspaper: No Habrá La Copa Intercontinental (There won't be the Intercontinental Cup) 03/Jun/1961, page 3.
  8. ^ a b http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/teams/club=50051/profile/index.html
  9. ^ a b Carluccio, Jose (September 2, 2007). "¿Qué es la Copa Libertadores de América?" (in Spanish). Historia y Fútbol. Retrieved May 18, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b "Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  11. ^ "World Club Cup deserves respect". British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  12. ^ "World Club Cup deserves respect". British Broadcasting Corporation Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  13. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1960". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  14. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1960". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  15. ^ "Trofeos de Fútbol". Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  16. ^ El Mundo Deportivo newspaper, September 5th, 1960, page 3.
  17. ^ "La Copa Intercontinental, un perro sin amo". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  18. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1960". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  19. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1961". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  20. ^ a b "Palmarés: Resumen de títulos oficiales del Club Atlético Peñarol". Club Atlético Peñarol (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  21. ^ Cunha, Odir (2003). Time dos Sonhos (in Portuguese). ISBN 85-7594-020-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ a b "Intercontinental Cups 1962 and 1963". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  23. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1962". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  24. ^ a b "Títulos". Santos Futebol Clube (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  25. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1963". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  26. ^ "European Commissioner visits UEFA" (PDF). Union Européenne de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  27. ^ "Intercontinental Cups 1964 and 1965". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  28. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1964". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  29. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1965". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  30. ^ "Palmares: PRIMA COPPA INTERCONTINENTALE - 1964". Football Club Internazionale Milano S.p.A (in Italian). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  31. ^ "Palmares: SECONDA COPPA INTERCONTINENTALE - 1965". Football Club Internazionale Milano S.p.A (in Italian). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  32. ^ "Intercontinental Cups 1966". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  33. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1966". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  34. ^ "História da Libertadores". Campeones do Futebol (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  35. ^ "European-South American Cup". Union Européenne de Football Association. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  36. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1967". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  37. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1967". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  38. ^ "Copa Intercontinental 1967". Racing Club de Avellaneda (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  39. ^ "The Battle of Montevideo: Celtic Under Siege". Waterstones. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  40. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1968". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  41. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1968". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  42. ^ "Titulos". Club Estudiantes de La Plata (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g "Estudiantes leave their mark". Entertainment and Sports Programming Network Football Club. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  44. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1969". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  45. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1969". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  46. ^ a b "Coppa Intercontinentale 1969". Associazione Calcio Milan (in Italian). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  47. ^ a b c d "Coppa Intercontinentale 1969: Estudiantes-Milan, sfida selvaggia". Storie di Calcio (in Italian). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  48. ^ a b c d "Partidos inolvidables: Estudiantes - Milan (Final Intercontinental 1969/1970)". Fútbol Primera (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  49. ^ "La FIFA rehuye el bulto" (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). November 25, 1967. p. 8. Retrieved March 6, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ /Mundo Deportivo. Spanish sports newspaper: La FIFA no controla la intercontinental (FIFA does not control the Intercontinental Cup). 3/Nov/1967, page 6.
  51. ^ Glasgow Herald (Scottish newspaper, 06/Nov/1967, page 06: "Sir Stanley said then that FIFA regarded the competition, which is between the winners of the European Cup and the South American equivalent, as a friendly fixture".
  52. ^ Archive of Italian newspaper La Stampa. Look for: "La finale mondiale Europa-America di calcio ufficialmente è una semplice gara amichevole", published 03.nov.1967 page 10."
  53. ^ a b ABC Newspaper, Madrid (Spain), Nov. 03, 1967, page 97. Headline La FIFA no quiere saber nada de la final intercontinental, pues para ella es um partido “amistoso”. (In English: FIFA does not care about the Intercontinental final, as, for FIFA, it is a “friendly match”.) Contents in Spanish: Rous declaró em um almuerzo de redactores esportivos que los partidos anuales para el título intercontinental – entre los ganadores de la Copa de Europa y de America del Sur – está considerados oficialmente como encontros amistosos. .... Rous anadió que otras Federaciones, la Asiatica y de Americas Central y del Norte – han solicitado la participacion de sus clubs campeones en la Copa Intercontinental . Se oponen a ello – dijo el – las federaciones Europea y Sudamericana ... Siguió diciendo Sir Stanley que espera que se estudie todo lo relacionado con la competicion en la proxima Asemblea General de la FIFA: “Si se aprueba, la competicion se desarrollaria a partir de entonces bajo la tutela del organismo mundial que presido”, finalizó diciendo Sir Stanley Rous ... (English translation: Rous stated, during a lunch with sports writers, that the annual matches for the intercontinental cup – between the winners of the European Cup and the South American one- are officially considered as friendly fixtures ... Rous also said that other Federations, the Asian and the North-Central American one- have requested the participation of their champion clubs in the Intercontinental Cup. According to Rous, the European and South American federations are opposed to it ... Sir Stanley kept on saying that he expects that everything related to the competition should be studied in the next FIFA General Assembly: “If approved, the competition would go on from then on under the auspices of the world organisation I preside”, concluded Sir Stanley.)
  54. ^ ABC, Madrid newspaper, 08/nov/1967, page 87
  55. ^ a b "La Copa Intercontinental de futbol debe ser oficial". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  56. ^ a b "La FIFA rehuye el bulto". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  57. ^ a b "La FIFA, no controla la Intercontinental". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  58. ^ a b "El proyecto de Copa del Mundo se discutira en Méjico". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  59. ^ a b "¿Nueva Copa Intercontinental?". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  60. ^ a b "La Copa del Mundo Inter-clubs se amplia". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  61. ^ a b c d e f "Europa ha desvalorizado la Copa Intercontinental". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  62. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1970". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  63. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1970". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  64. ^ "1970: Feyenoord unfazed by Estudiantes". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. March 2, 1980. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  65. ^ "Feyenoord viert veertigjarig jubileum winst Wereldbeker". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (in Dutch). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  66. ^ a b "Intercontinental Cup 1971". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  67. ^ a b "Intercontinental Cup 1971". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  68. ^ a b "Copa Intercontinental 1971". Club Nacional de Football (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  69. ^ "1971: Artime puts paid to Panathinaikos". Union Européenne de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  70. ^ a b c d "Intercontinental Cup 1972". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  71. ^ a b c d e "Intercontinental Cup 1972". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  72. ^ a b c d e "Erelijst". Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax (in Dutch). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  73. ^ a b "The Super Cup was the last trophy Ajax..." Football Journey. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  74. ^ "1972: Cruyff comes good for Ajax". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. March 2, 1980. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  75. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1973". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  76. ^ "1973: Independiente resist Juve challenge". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. March 2, 1980. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  77. ^ "European Cup: 50 Years" (PDF). Union Européenne de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  78. ^ "Una ide para los cinco campeones de cada continente". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  79. ^ a b "Una copa mundial de clubs con los campeones de Europa, África, Sudamérica y América Central". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  80. ^ a b "Intercontinental Cup 1974". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  81. ^ a b "Intercontinental Cup 1974". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  82. ^ "Sala de Trofeos". Club Atlético de Madrid, S.A.D. (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  83. ^ "1974: Aragonés brings joy to Atlético". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. March 2, 1980. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  84. ^ a b "Intercontinental Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  85. ^ "Una idea para los cinco campeones de cada continente". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  86. ^ "Taça não interessa mais aos alemães (page 20)". Jornal do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  87. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1977". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  88. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1977". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  89. ^ "El Club: Titulos". Club Atlético Boca Juniors (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  90. ^ "1977: Boca Juniors brush aside Mönchengladbach". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. March 2, 1980. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  91. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1979". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  92. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1979". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  93. ^ "1979: Club Olimpia overpower Malmö". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. March 2, 1980. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  94. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1979". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  95. ^ Brazilian newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, 10/10/1968, page.28
  96. ^ Mexican neswspaper El Informador, 14 and 16 of April 1978, referring to Club America's claim to participate in the Intercontinental Cup.
  97. ^ Mexican newspaper El Siglo de Torréon. Archive. "Los Pumas Por La Copa Concacaf-EUFA" (15/May/1981, page 13).
  98. ^ Mexican newspaper El Siglo de Torréon. Archive. "Mediocridad existente en el futbol del area de Concacaf." (29/August/1980, page 11).
  99. ^ Aguilar, Francesc (September 18, 1992). "La negociación será difícil" (PDF). El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). p. 8. Retrieved March 6, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  100. ^ "La Copa Intercontinental el 11-D en Tokio: No habra una Copa Mundial de Clubes". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). Retrieved July 2, 2010.
  101. ^ a b "FIFA Club World Championship TOYOTA Cup: Solidarity – the name of the game" (PDF). FIFA Activity Report 2005. Zurich: Fédération Internationale de Football Association: 62. April 2004 – May 2005. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  102. ^ "Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. December 10, 2004. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  103. ^ "Ten tips on the planet's top club tournament". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. July 28, 2005. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  104. ^ "We are the champions". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. December 1, 2005. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  105. ^ Text We Are The Champions. 01/12/2005. FIFA site. Accessed on 04/feb/2013: clubs that have been NAMED world champions
  106. ^ Text Ten things you never knew... FIFA site. Accessed on 15/12/2015. "Among this year's six representatives, Brazil's Sao Paulo are the only team that CAN CLAIM to have been world champions."
  107. ^ Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship, FIFA site. Accessed on 10 December 2004. Accessed on 08/03/2015: With the passage of time, it became apparent that it was unrealistic to continue to confer the SYMBOLIC title of "club world champion" on the basis of a single match between the European and South American champions.
  108. ^ Text Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship, on FIFA site. Access on 08/mar/2015: "As of 2005, the Toyota Cup, traditionally a one-off match between the champions of Europe and South America, will take on a WHOLE NEW DIMENSION when it becomes the FIFA Club World Championship, disputed by the champion clubs from all six continents."
  109. ^ Text Japan welcomes the world with open arms, from FIFA site, recovered by Way Back Machine. Text of 28 July 2005. Accessed (recovery) on 31/12/2015. In the list of texts referring to the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup, this text brings as subtitle: ... Brought up watching the annual Europe-South America clash, Japanese fans are counting the days to the kick off of the TRUE world club showdown.
  110. ^ Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship, FIFA site. Accessed on 10 December 2004. Accessed on 08/03/2015: According to the new format, which enters into force in 2005, once again in Japan, the respective winners of the six "champions cups" of each confederation will qualify for the FIFA Club World Championship. "I am convinced that this is the best formula for everyone," argues Michel Platini, a FIFA Executive Committee member and former Toyota Cup winner from 1985. "It won't make the clubs' trips any longer, but by playing an extra game, the club crowned this time will be TRUE world champions," continued the former Juventus playmaker.
  111. ^ Text Continental champions prepare for Tokyo draw,FIFA site, 28 July 2005. Accessed on 08/March/2015: Initially a one-off contest between the champions of South America and Europe, the Toyota Cup, which superseded the Intercontinental Cup in 1980, has been revamped by FIFA to reach out to all confederations and associations across the globe so the winners may TRULY be regarded as the best club side in the world.
  112. ^ Goodbye Toyota Cup, hello FIFA Club World Championship, FIFA site. Accessed on 10 December 2004. Accessed on 08/03/2015: With the passage of time, it became apparent that it was unrealistic to continue to confer the symbolic title of "club world champion" on the basis of a single match between the European and South American champions.
  113. ^ "50 years of the European Cup" (PDF). Union des Associations Européennes de Football. October 2004. pp. 7–9. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
  114. ^ "FIFA Club World Championship to replace Toyota Cup from 2005". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. May 17, 2004. Archived from the original on June 12, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2010. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; April 30, 2011 suggested (help)
  115. ^ http://espn.uol.com.br/noticia/431977_fifa-divulga-comunicado-e-reconhece-titulo-mundial-do-palmeiras-mas-erra-nome-do-time
  116. ^ http://esportes.estadao.com.br/noticias/futebol,ao-estado--fifa-confirma-mundial-de-1951-para-o-palmeiras,1813361
  117. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1960".
  118. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1961".
  119. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1962".
  120. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1963".
  121. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1964".
  122. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1965".
  123. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1966".
  124. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1967".
  125. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1968".
  126. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1969".
  127. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1970".
  128. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1971".
  129. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1972".
  130. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1973".
  131. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1974".
  132. ^ a b c "Intercontinental Club Cup".
  133. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1976".
  134. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1977".
  135. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1979".
  136. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1980".
  137. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1981".
  138. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1982".
  139. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1983".
  140. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1984".
  141. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1985".
  142. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1986".
  143. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1987".
  144. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1988".
  145. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1989".
  146. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1990".
  147. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1991".
  148. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1992".
  149. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1993".
  150. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1994".
  151. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1995".
  152. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1996".
  153. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1997".
  154. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1998".
  155. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1999".
  156. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 2000".
  157. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 2001".
  158. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 2002".
  159. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 2003".
  160. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 2004".
  161. ^ "THE DECLINE, FALL AND REBIRTH OF THE INTERCONTINENTAL CUP".
  162. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1971".
  163. ^ "Intercontinental Cup 1973". Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original on March 6, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  164. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1973".
  165. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1974".
  166. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1977".
  167. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1979".
  168. ^ "Intercontinental Club Cup 1993".
  169. ^ "Hall of Honour".
  170. ^ "Messi, just three behind Pelé in Club World Cup (Intercontinental) goals".
  171. ^ "Extraordinary Pele crowns Santos in Lisbon".
  172. ^ "King-less Santos retain throne in style".
  173. ^ "Trivia on Intercontinental (Toyota) Cup".
  174. ^ "Toyota Cup - Most Valuable Player of the Match Award".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Intercontinental_Cup_(1960–2004)&oldid=721914458"