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Origin & Definition

Think globally, act locally (or, sometimes, "think global, act local", ) is a phrase associated with several 20th century social movements, including globalism. environmentalism, and sustainability. Although he did not coin the phrase, Scots town planner and social activist Sir Patrick Geddes (1854−1932) has been attributed with the ideas behind it.^[1] The exact phrase does not appear in Geddes' 1915 book, Cities in Evolution, but the idea is clearly evident in Geddes' thoughts on city planning:

'Local character' is thus no mere accidental old-world quaintness, as its mimics think and say. It is attained only in course of adequate grasp and treatment of the whole environment, and in active sympathy with the essential and characteristic life of the place concerned.^[2]

A biologist, philanthropist, sociologist and pioneering town planner, often described by biographers as a polymath, Geddes is responsible for introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning. He made significant contributions to consideration of the environment in regional planning and urban sociology. Geddes believed in working with the environment as opposed to working against it.^[3]

"Think global, act local" urges people to keep in mind the welfare of the entire planet when they take action in their own communities and cities. Indeed, while individual action seldom changes anything that affects the entire globe, collectively, the human actions of a large number of people do have aggregate global effects as well as local effects. Local or "grassroots" action is important to both global civics and our global natural environment.

Sociologist Roland Robertson widely used the phrase in the latter 1990s talking about the closely related concept, glocalization, which, he says, "means the simultaneity−the co-presence−of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies" in social structure and differentiation.^[4] Robertson held that globalizing forces create synergies across time and space such that this co-presence of the the universal and particular results in a "glocal" amalgamation across cultural, national, and regional divides, as well as across historical continuities.^[5] The co-organization of global and local does not imply conflict or crisis. The co-constitutive nature of global-local relations reveals the globally constituted character of the local rather than a dialectic opposition to each other. Rather than simple complementary processes, glocalization processes can be seen as instilling agency into empowered locals who in turn enact and reinforce global scripts. These ideas about "glocalization" later began to affect both the marketing and production activities of increasingly multinational corporations.

The environment

The first use of the exact phrase in an environmental context is a matter of discussion among academics. Some say it was coined by David Brower,^[6] founder of Friends of the Earth (circa 1969), as a slogan for that organization.^[7] Others have attributed it to René Dubos,^[8] who served as an advisor to the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972.^[9] In 1979, Canadian "futurist" Frank Feather chaired a conference called Thinking Globally, Acting Locally and has claimed the origin of the expression.^[10] French philosopher Jacques Ellul has also been mentioned as a possible originator of the phrase.^[11]

Global and local thinking are as important to the natural environment as to the built environment, which comes about through local, regional, and urban planning and rural development. Such planning does interact with and have an impact on our natural environment. as Geddes recognized.^[3]

Education

In the 1980s, the term was increasingly used in educational circles, wherein the phrase was attributed to Harlan Cleveland in the book Think Globally, Act Locally: A Delphi Study of Educational Leadership Through the Development of International Resources in the Local Community.^[12] Globalization is now thought of as an important concept in education for an understanding of global citizenship. In this paradigm, since students are our future, "thinking globally and acting localy" is fundamental to educating coming generations. Some educators believe it is important to discuss global issues as young as 5 years old.^[13]

However, educators are questioning what they see as the oft times "one-way" focus of glocalization toward the global end of the continuum.

While globalization has undeniably brought about social and economic progress, it is essential to ensure that education systems nurture, rather than neglect, the richness of local cultures, languages, values and wisdoms. As education takes an increasingly global dimension, the critical role of teachers and educational leaders could not be more important in putting this into practice in classrooms and schools.^[14]

Business & Mangement

Glocalization (a portmanteau of globalization and localization) is the adaptation of international products around the particularities of a local culture in which they are sold. The process allows integration of local markets into world markets.^[15]

The term first appeared in a late 1980s publication of the Harvard Business Review.^[16]

he ways in which this is initiated is vital to the health of the environment. Corporations need to be aware of global communities when expanding their companies to new locations.Not only do corporations need to be aware of global differences, but also Urban and rural areas who plan on expanding or changing the dynamics of their community. As stated "Addressing the complex urban environmental problems, in order to improve urban livability through Urban Environmental Strategies (UES), involves taking stock of the existing urban environmental problems, their comparative analysis and prioritization, setting out objectives and targets, and identification of various measures to meet these objectives".^[17]

The term is also used in business strategy, where multinational corporations are encouraged to build local roots. This is sometimes expressed by converging the words "global" and "local" into the single word "glocal," a term used by several companies (notably Sony Corporation and other major Japanese multinationals) in their advertising and branding strategies in the 1980s and 1990s.

Currently more and more corporations are finding it extremely important to analyze the environmental damage of their company. The pressure they receive from government officials and local communities regarding environmental issues is vital to their company's image. Glocalization is an emerging concept throughout the business world. It was first developed by the Japanese, however, it has now emerged throughout Western society. Glocalization refers to the practice of conducting business according to both local and global considerations ^[18]

Mathematics

The phrase is an in-joke among mathematicians, as it is often used in situations where the global structure of an object (e.g., a manifold, a Diophantine equation, or a group) can be inferred from the local structure. (See Hasse principle for a detailed description of one such example.)

References

^ Barash, David (2002). Peace and Conflict. Sage Publications. p. 547. ISBN 978-0-7619-2507-1.
^ Geddes, Patrick (1915). Cities in Evolution. London: Williams. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
^ ^a ^b Boardman, Philip (1978). The worlds of Patrick Geddes: Biologist, town planner, re-educator, peace-warrior. London; Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul. ISBN 0710085486
^ Robertson, Roland (1996). "Glocalization: Time-space and homogeneity". In Mike Featherstone, Scott Lash, and Roland Robertson (eds.) (ed.). Global Modernities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pubs. p. 304. ISBN 978-0803979482. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
^ Robertson, Roland (2003). "The Conceptual Promise of Glocalization: Commonality and Diversity". Theoriing Globalization. Artefact. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
^ David Brower (obituary), The Daily Telegraph, 8 November 2000.
^ Christopher Reed: Obituary of David Ross Brower, The Guardian, 8 November 2000. Online copy at the John Muir Trust
^ The Yale Book of Quotations, as quoted in: Fred Shapiro, Quotes Uncovered: The Real McCoy and Acting Locally Freakonomics blog, 11 March 2010
^ UNEP. "Stockholm 1972 - Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)". unep.org. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
^ Keyes, Ralph. The Quote Verifier. Simon & Schuster. New York, NY 2006. ISBN 978-0-312-34004-9.
^ Porquet, Jean-Luc (2004). Jacques Ellul : L'homme qui avait presque tout prévu. Paris: Le Cherche Midi. ISBN: 2749100690
^ Grauer, Stuart (1989). Think Globally, Act Locally: A Delphi Study of Educational Leadership Through the Development of International Resources in the Local Community. San Diego: University of San Diego.
^ Divitini, Monica, Magnus R Jenssen and Kristin R Skau (2004). "Think Globally, Act Locally: Promoting Preschool Learning about other cultures." Presentation at: Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA'04), Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal.
^ "Education and Leadership in an Era of 'Glocalization'". Education. UNESCO Bangkok. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
^ Hong, Phillip Young P.; Song, In Han (2010). "Glocalization of social work practice: Global and local responses to globalization". International Social Work. 53 (5): 656–670. doi:10.1177/0020872810371206.
^ Sharma, Chanchal Kumar (2009). "Emerging Dimensions of Decentralisation Debate in the Age of Globalisation". Indian Journal of Federal Studies. 19 (1): 47–65.
^ "Urban Environment and Climate Change - Strategic Urban Environmental Planning". worldbank.org. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
^ "Is Your Business Glocal? How to Think Globally and Act Locally". YFS Magazine - Startups, Small Business News and Entrepreneurial Culture. Retrieved 21 January 2015.

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 "Think global, act local" urges people to keep in mind the welfare of the entire planet when they take action in their own communities and cities.  Indeed, while individual action seldom changes anything that affects the entire globe, collectively, the human actions of a large number of people do have aggregate global effects as well as local effects.  Local or "[[grassroots]]" action is important to both [[global civics]] and our global [[natural environment]].
-[[Sociologist]] [[Roland Robertson]] widely used the phrase in the latter 1990s talking about the closely related concept, [[glocalization]], which, he says, "means the simultaneity−the co-presence−of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies" in [[social structure]] and [[Differentiation_(sociology)|differentiation]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Global Modernities | publisher=Sage Pubs | author=Robertson, Roland | authorlink=Roland Robertson | year=1996 | location=Thousand Oaks, CA | pages=304 | isbn=978-0803979482 | editor=Mike Featherstone, Scott Lash, and Roland Robertson (eds.) | article=Glocalization: Time-space and homogeneity}}</ref>  Robertson held that globalizing forces create synergies across time and space such that this co-presence of the the universal and particular results in a "glocal" amalgamation across cultural, national, and regional divides, as well as across historical continuities.<ref name="Robertson03">{{cite web | url=http://artefact.mi2.hr/_a04/lang_en/theory_robertson_en.htm | title=The Conceptual Promise of Glocalization: Commonality and Diversity | publisher=Artefact | work=Theoriing Globalization | date=2 Janurary 2003 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | author=Robertson, Roland}}</ref> The co-organization of global and local does not imply conflict or crisis. The co-constitutive nature of global-local relations reveals the globally constituted character of the local rather than a dialectic opposition to each other.  Rather than simple complementary processes, glocalization processes can be seen as instilling agency into empowered locals who in turn enact and reinforce global scripts. These ideas about "glocalization" later began to affect both the marketing and production activities of increasingly [multinational corporations]].
+[[Sociologist]] [[Roland Robertson]] widely used the phrase in the latter 1990s talking about the closely related concept, [[glocalization]], which, he says, "means the simultaneity−the co-presence−of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies" in [[social structure]] and [[Differentiation_(sociology)|differentiation]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Global Modernities | publisher=Sage Pubs | author=Robertson, Roland | authorlink=Roland Robertson | year=1996 | location=Thousand Oaks, CA | pages=304 | isbn=978-0803979482 | editor=Mike Featherstone, Scott Lash, and Roland Robertson (eds.) | article=Glocalization: Time-space and homogeneity}}</ref>  Robertson held that globalizing forces create synergies across time and space such that this co-presence of the the universal and particular results in a "glocal" amalgamation across cultural, national, and regional divides, as well as across historical continuities.<ref name="Robertson03">{{cite web | url=http://artefact.mi2.hr/_a04/lang_en/theory_robertson_en.htm | title=The Conceptual Promise of Glocalization: Commonality and Diversity | publisher=Artefact | work=Theoriing Globalization | date=2003 | accessdate=20 May 2016 | author=Robertson, Roland}}</ref> The co-organization of global and local does not imply conflict or crisis. The co-constitutive nature of global-local relations reveals the globally constituted character of the local rather than a dialectic opposition to each other.  Rather than simple complementary processes, glocalization processes can be seen as instilling agency into empowered locals who in turn enact and reinforce global scripts. These ideas about "glocalization" later began to affect both the marketing and production activities of increasingly [[multinational corporation]]s.
 ==The environment==