Gray-bellied caenolestid: Difference between revisions
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The '''gray-bellied caenolestid''' (''Caenolestes caniventer''), or '''grey-bellied shrew opossum''', is a |
The '''gray-bellied caenolestid''' (''Caenolestes caniventer''), or '''grey-bellied shrew opossum''', is a [[shrew opossum]] found in humid, [[temperate]] forests and moist grasslands of western [[Ecuador]] and northwestern [[Peru]]. It was first [[Species description|described]] by Amercian zoologist [[Harold Elmer Anthony]] in 1921. Little is known about the behavior of the gray-bellied caenolestid. It appears to be [[terrestrial]] (land-living) and [[crepuscular]] (active around twilight) or [[nocturnal]] (active at night). Diet consists of [[invertebrate]] larvae, small [[vertebrate]]s and plant material. The [[IUCN]] classifies the gray-bellied caenolestid as [[near threatened]]. |
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== Taxonomy and etymology == |
== Taxonomy and etymology == |
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==Ecology and behavior== |
==Ecology and behavior== |
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Little is known about the behavior of the gray-bellied caenolestid. Analysis of stomach contents of individuals from [[Peru]] suggested a diet |
Little is known about the behavior of the gray-bellied caenolestid. It appears to be [[terrestrial]] (land-living) and [[crepuscular]] (active around twilight) or [[nocturnal]] (active at night).<ref name=iucn/> It appears to be an "opportunistic feeder". Analysis of stomach contents of individuals from [[Peru]] suggested a diet comprised largely (up to 75%) by [[invertebrate]] larvae (such as [[arachnid]]s and [[centipede]]s); small [[vertebrate]]s and plant material are also consumed.<ref name=barkley>{{cite journal|last1=Barkley|first1=L.J.|last2=Whitaker|first2=J.O.|title=Confirmation of ''Caenolestes'' in Peru with Information on diet|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=1984|volume=65|issue=2|pages=328–30|doi=10.2307/1381173}}</ref> A pregnant female captured in [[Ecuador]] was found to have two fetuses in its womb.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barnett|first1=A.P.|title=Records of the grey-bellied shrew opossum, ''Caenolestes caniventer'' and Tate's shrew opossum, ''Caenolestes tatei'' (Caenolestidae, Marsupialia), from Ecuadorian montane forests|journal=Mammalia|date=1991|volume=55|issue=3|pages=443–5|url=http://www.rebeccashapley.com/akodon/reprint_pdfs/91EcuadorCaenolestes.pdf}}</ref> |
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== Distribution and status == |
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The gray-bellied caenolestid inhabit cool, moist areas with good cover; it is known from humid, [[temperate forest]]s at altitudes of up to {{convert|2,900|m|ft}}, and moist grasslands in the [[subtropics]]. It occurs in small tunnels under tree roots by streams.<ref name=barkley/> The range covers western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. The [[IUCN]] classifies the gray-bellied caenolestid as [[near threatened]]. Its population has decreased by nearly 20% since the 1990s; numbers are feared to be declining due to deforestation and agricultural expansion. The gray-bellied caenolestid occurs in [[Cajas National Park]] and Mazán Ecological Reserve.<ref name=iucn/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{wikispecies-inline|Caenolestes caniventer}} |
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{{Paucituberculata}} |
{{Paucituberculata}} |
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[[Category:Mammals of Ecuador]] |
[[Category:Mammals of Ecuador]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Peru]] |
[[Category:Mammals of Peru]] |
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{{marsupial-stub}} |
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[[es:Caenolestes#Caenolestes caniventer]] |
[[es:Caenolestes#Caenolestes caniventer]] |
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Revision as of 11:30, 30 May 2016
| Gray-bellied caenolestid | |
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| Species: | C. caniventer
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| Binomial name | |
| Caenolestes caniventer Anthony, 1921
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| Range of the gray-bellied caenolestid | |
The gray-bellied caenolestid (Caenolestes caniventer), or grey-bellied shrew opossum, is a shrew opossum found in humid, temperate forests and moist grasslands of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. It was first described by Amercian zoologist Harold Elmer Anthony in 1921. Little is known about the behavior of the gray-bellied caenolestid. It appears to be terrestrial (land-living) and crepuscular (active around twilight) or nocturnal (active at night). Diet consists of invertebrate larvae, small vertebrates and plant material. The IUCN classifies the gray-bellied caenolestid as near threatened.
Taxonomy and etymology
The gray-bellied caenolestid is one of the four members Caenolestes, and is placed in the family Caenolestidae (shrew opossums). It was first described by Amercian zoologist Harold Elmer Anthony in 1921.[2] In the latter part of 20th century, scientists believed that Caenolestes is closely related to Lestoros (the Incan caenolestid).[3][4] Over the years, it became clear that Lestoros is morphologically different from Caenolestes.[5] A 2013 phylogenetic study showed that the Incan caenolestid and the long-nosed caenolestid (Rhyncholestes raphanurus) form a clade sister to Caenolestes. The cladogram below is based on this study.[6]
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Caenolestid fossils date to as early as the early Eocene (nearly 55 mya). The generic name Caenolestes derives from the Greek words kainos ("new") and lestes ("robber", "pirate").[7]
Ecology and behavior
Little is known about the behavior of the gray-bellied caenolestid. It appears to be terrestrial (land-living) and crepuscular (active around twilight) or nocturnal (active at night).[1] It appears to be an "opportunistic feeder". Analysis of stomach contents of individuals from Peru suggested a diet comprised largely (up to 75%) by invertebrate larvae (such as arachnids and centipedes); small vertebrates and plant material are also consumed.[8] A pregnant female captured in Ecuador was found to have two fetuses in its womb.[9]
Distribution and status
The gray-bellied caenolestid inhabit cool, moist areas with good cover; it is known from humid, temperate forests at altitudes of up to 2,900 metres (9,500 ft), and moist grasslands in the subtropics. It occurs in small tunnels under tree roots by streams.[8] The range covers western Ecuador and northwestern Peru. The IUCN classifies the gray-bellied caenolestid as near threatened. Its population has decreased by nearly 20% since the 1990s; numbers are feared to be declining due to deforestation and agricultural expansion. The gray-bellied caenolestid occurs in Cajas National Park and Mazán Ecological Reserve.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Template:IUCN2008
- ^ Gardner, A.L. (2005). "Order Paucituberculata". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Simpson, G.G. (1970). "The Argyrolagidae, extinct South American marsupials". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 139: 1–86.
- ^ Marshall, L.G. (1980). "Systematics of the South American marsupial family Caenolestidae". Fieldiana: Geology (New Series). 5: 1–145.
- ^ Gardner, A.L., ed. (2007). Mammals of South America. Vol. 1. Chicago, US: University of Chicago Press. pp. 121, 124–6. ISBN 978-0-226-28242-8.
- ^ Ojala-Barbour, R.; Pinto, C.M.; Brito M., J.; Albuja V., L.; Lee, T.E.; Patterson, B.D. (2013). "A new species of shrew-opossum (Paucituberculata: Caenolestidae) with a phylogeny of extant caenolestids". Journal of Mammalogy. 94 (5): 967–82. doi:10.1644/13-MAMM-A-018.1.
- ^ Patterson, B.D.; Gallardo, M.H. (1987). "Rhyncolestes raphanurus" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 286: 1–5.
- ^ a b Barkley, L.J.; Whitaker, J.O. (1984). "Confirmation of Caenolestes in Peru with Information on diet". Journal of Mammalogy. 65 (2): 328–30. doi:10.2307/1381173.
- ^ Barnett, A.P. (1991). "Records of the grey-bellied shrew opossum, Caenolestes caniventer and Tate's shrew opossum, Caenolestes tatei (Caenolestidae, Marsupialia), from Ecuadorian montane forests" (PDF). Mammalia. 55 (3): 443–5.
External links
Data related to Caenolestes caniventer at Wikispecies
