Jump to content

John Chadwick: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
Refs, categories, tidying
Line 1: Line 1:
{{about|the linguist|the theologian|John White Chadwick}}
{{about|the linguist|the theologian|John White Chadwick}}

'''John Chadwick''', [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]] ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|æ|d|w|ɪ|k}}; 21 May 1920 – 24 November 1998) was an [[England|English]] [[Linguistics|linguist]] and [[Classics|classical]] scholar who, with [[Alice Kober]] and [[Michael Ventris]], was most notable for the decipherment of [[Linear B]].
'''John Chadwick''', [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]] ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|æ|d|w|ɪ|k}}; 21 May 1920 – 24 November 1998) was an [[England|English]] [[Linguistics|linguist]] and [[Classics|classical]] scholar who, with [[Alice Kober]] and [[Michael Ventris]], was most notable for the decipherment of [[Linear B]].


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Chadwick was born in [[East Sheen]], [[Richmond-upon-Thames]], and educated at [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]] and [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]]. He served as an officer in the [[Royal Navy]]'s Special Branch during the [[Second World War]].<ref name="GUARDIANOBIT">[http://linguistlist.org/issues/9/9-1719.html "John Chadwick, 1920-1998"], ''The Guardian'', 1998-12-03, page 22.</ref> In May 1942, he was transferred to intelligence duties at the naval base [[HMS Nile|HMS ''Nile'']] in [[Alexandria|Alexandria, Egypt]], and worked on breaking lower-level Italian naval codes.<ref name="CAMBRIDGE">[http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/faculty/research_groups_and_societies/mycenaean_epigraphy/decipherment/life_of_chadwick/ "Life of John Chadwick : 1920 - 1998 : Classical Philologist, Lexicographer and Co-decipherer of Linear B"], Faculty of Classics, Cambridge University</ref>
Chadwick was born in [[East Sheen]], [[Richmond-upon-Thames]], and educated at [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]] and [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]]. He served as an officer in the [[Royal Navy]]'s Special Branch during the [[Second World War]].<ref name="GUARDIANOBIT">[http://linguistlist.org/issues/9/9-1719.html "John Chadwick, 1920–1998"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 1998-12-03, page 22.</ref> In May 1942, he was transferred to intelligence duties at the naval base [[HMS Nile|HMS ''Nile'']] in [[Alexandria|Alexandria, Egypt]], and worked on breaking lower-level Italian naval codes.<ref name="CAMBRIDGE">[http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/faculty/research_groups_and_societies/mycenaean_epigraphy/decipherment/life_of_chadwick/ "Life of John Chadwick : 1920 - 1998 : Classical Philologist, Lexicographer and Co-decipherer of Linear B"], Faculty of Classics, Cambridge University</ref>
Chadwick was working on Italian naval codes as an Able Seaman when, in September 1942, he was suddenly (and immediately) promoted to Temporary Sub-Lieutenant as the material was classed as “Officers Only”. His superior Commander Murray had exploded when told that Chadwick would need six months training in England before promotion. Chadwick deduced from some R/T traffic meant to be handled at Bletchley Park that a British submarine had been sunk near Taranto.<ref>John Chadwick ''A Biographical Fragment; 1942-5'' in ''Action this Day'' edited by Michael Smith and Ralph Erskine (2001, Bantam Press, London) pp 110-126 ISBN 0593 049101</ref>
Chadwick was working on Italian naval codes as an Able Seaman when, in September 1942, he was suddenly (and immediately) promoted to Temporary Sub-Lieutenant as the material was classed as “Officers Only”. His superior Commander Murray had exploded when told that Chadwick would need six months training in England before promotion. Chadwick deduced from some R/T traffic meant to be handled at Bletchley Park that a British submarine had been sunk near Taranto.<ref>John Chadwick ''A Biographical Fragment; 1942-5'' in ''Action this Day'' edited by Michael Smith and Ralph Erskine (2001, [[Bantam Press]], London) pp 110–126. ISBN 0593 049101.</ref>


In 1944 he was transferred to [[Bletchley Park]] (“Station X”), learned Japanese, and worked on reading the encoded messages sent by the Japanese naval representatives in [[Stockholm]] and [[Berlin]].<ref name="CAMBRIDGE"/>
In 1944, he was transferred to [[Bletchley Park]] (“Station X”), learned Japanese, and worked on reading the encoded messages sent by the Japanese naval representatives in [[Stockholm]] and [[Berlin]].<ref name="CAMBRIDGE"/>


After the end of the war in 1945, he returned to his studies at Cambridge, graduating with First Class Honours in Classics Part II, with a distinction in his special subject, linguistics.<ref name="CAMBRIDGE"/>
After the end of the war in 1945, he returned to his studies at Cambridge, graduating with First Class Honours in Classics Part II, with a distinction in his special subject, linguistics.<ref name="CAMBRIDGE"/>
Line 17: Line 18:
After Ventris's death, Chadwick became the figurehead of the Linear B work, writing the accessible and popular book ''The Decipherment of Linear B'' in 1958 and revising ''Documents in Mycenean Greek'' in 1978.
After Ventris's death, Chadwick became the figurehead of the Linear B work, writing the accessible and popular book ''The Decipherment of Linear B'' in 1958 and revising ''Documents in Mycenean Greek'' in 1978.


He retired in 1984, by which time he had become the fourth (and last) [[Perceval Maitland Laurence]] Reader in Classics at Cambridge. He continued his scholarship until his death, being an active member of several international societies and writing numerous popular and academic articles. He was also a Fellow of the [[British Academy]] and of [[Downing College, Cambridge]].<ref name="GUARDIANOBIT"/>
He retired in 1984, by which time he had become the fourth (and last) [[Perceval Maitland Laurence]] Reader in Classics at Cambridge. He continued his scholarship until his death, being an active member of several international societies and writing numerous popular and academic articles. He was also a Fellow of the [[British Academy]]<ref name="ba15">{{cite journal| url=http://www.britac.ac.uk/review/25/ww2intelligence/john_chadwick.cfm | title=John Chadwick FBA (1920–1998): Extract from Proceedings of the British Academy obituary | work=[[British Academy Review]] | first1=J. T. | last1=Killen | first2=Morpurgo | last2=Davies | volume=115 | pages=136–138 | number=25 | date=February 2015 | publisher=[[British Academy]] | accessdate=30 May 2016 }}</ref> and of [[Downing College, Cambridge]].<ref name="GUARDIANOBIT"/>


==Family==
==Family==
Line 23: Line 24:


==Publications==
==Publications==
* [[Michael Ventris|Ventris, Michael]]; Chadwick, John (1953) [http://www.jstor.org/stable/628239 "Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives"], ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'', Vol. 73, (1953), pp.&nbsp;84–103.
* {{cite journal | last1=Ventris | first1=Michael | authorlink1= Michael Ventris | last2=Chadwick | first2=John | date=1953 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/628239 | title=Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives | journal=[[The Journal of Hellenic Studies]] | volume=73 | pages=84–103 }}
* {{cite book | author=Chadwick, John| title=The Decipherment of Linear B | publisher=Second edition (1990). [[Cambridge University Press|Cambridge UP]] | year=1958 | isbn=0-521-39830-4 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=TD8YAlh_XHwC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{cite book | last=Chadwick | first=John | title=The Decipherment of Linear B | publisher=Second edition (1990). [[Cambridge University Press|Cambridge UP]] | year=1958 | isbn=0-521-39830-4 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=TD8YAlh_XHwC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{cite book | author=Chadwick, John| title=The Mycenaean World | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press|Cambridge UP]] | year=1976 | isbn=0-521-29037-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Chadwick | first=John | title=The Mycenaean World | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press|Cambridge UP]] | year=1976 | isbn=0-521-29037-6}}
* {{cite book | author= Ventris, Michael and Chadwick, John| title=Documents in Mycenaean Greek | publisher=Second edition (1974). [[Cambridge University Press|Cambridge UP]] | year=1956 | isbn= 0-521-08558-6}}
* {{cite book | last1=Ventris | first1=Michael | authorlink1= Michael Ventris | last2=Chadwick | first2=John | title=Documents in Mycenaean Greek | publisher=Second edition (1974). [[Cambridge University Press|Cambridge UP]] | year=1956 | isbn= 0-521-08558-6}}


==Decorations and awards==
==Decorations and awards==
Line 36: Line 37:
* [[Michael Ventris]]
* [[Michael Ventris]]


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chadwick, John}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chadwick, John}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
Line 54: Line 56:
[[Category:Hellenic epigraphers]]
[[Category:Hellenic epigraphers]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:Fellows of Downing College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]

Revision as of 11:41, 30 May 2016

This article is about the linguist. For the theologian, see John White Chadwick.

John Chadwick, FBA (/ˈtʃædwɪk/; 21 May 1920 – 24 November 1998) was an English linguist and classical scholar who, with Alice Kober and Michael Ventris, was most notable for the decipherment of Linear B.

Early life and education

Chadwick was born in East Sheen, Richmond-upon-Thames, and educated at St Paul's School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He served as an officer in the Royal Navy's Special Branch during the Second World War.[1] In May 1942, he was transferred to intelligence duties at the naval base HMS Nile in Alexandria, Egypt, and worked on breaking lower-level Italian naval codes.[2] Chadwick was working on Italian naval codes as an Able Seaman when, in September 1942, he was suddenly (and immediately) promoted to Temporary Sub-Lieutenant as the material was classed as “Officers Only”. His superior Commander Murray had exploded when told that Chadwick would need six months training in England before promotion. Chadwick deduced from some R/T traffic meant to be handled at Bletchley Park that a British submarine had been sunk near Taranto.[3]

In 1944, he was transferred to Bletchley Park (“Station X”), learned Japanese, and worked on reading the encoded messages sent by the Japanese naval representatives in Stockholm and Berlin.[2]

After the end of the war in 1945, he returned to his studies at Cambridge, graduating with First Class Honours in Classics Part II, with a distinction in his special subject, linguistics.[2]

While studying at Corpus Christi College, he attempted, with some of his fellow students, to use cryptographic methods to decipher the “Minoan Linear Script B”. They were already aware at the time of the work of Michael Ventris. They stopped working actively on the problem owing to a lack of published data from inscriptions.[2]

In 1950 he published his first scholarly work, an edition of The Medical Works of Hippocrates, co-authored with his cousin, William Neville Mann, a distinguished physician.[2][4] After finishing his degree, he joined the staff of the Oxford Latin Dictionary before beginning a Classics lectureship at Cambridge in 1952.[2] That year he began working with Ventris on the progressive decipherment of Linear B, the two writing Documents in Mycenean Greek in 1956, following a controversial first paper three years earlier. Chadwick's philological ideas were applied to Ventris's initial theory that Linear B was an early form of Greek rather than another Mediterranean language.

After Ventris's death, Chadwick became the figurehead of the Linear B work, writing the accessible and popular book The Decipherment of Linear B in 1958 and revising Documents in Mycenean Greek in 1978.

He retired in 1984, by which time he had become the fourth (and last) Perceval Maitland Laurence Reader in Classics at Cambridge. He continued his scholarship until his death, being an active member of several international societies and writing numerous popular and academic articles. He was also a Fellow of the British Academy[5] and of Downing College, Cambridge.[1]

Family

Chadwick married Joan Hill in 1947 and they had one son.[1]

Publications

  • Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1953). "Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 73: 84–103.
  • Chadwick, John (1958). The Decipherment of Linear B. Second edition (1990). Cambridge UP. ISBN 0-521-39830-4.
  • Chadwick, John (1976). The Mycenaean World. Cambridge UP. ISBN 0-521-29037-6.
  • Ventris, Michael; Chadwick, John (1956). Documents in Mycenaean Greek. Second edition (1974). Cambridge UP. ISBN 0-521-08558-6.

Decorations and awards

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "John Chadwick, 1920–1998", The Guardian, 1998-12-03, page 22.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Life of John Chadwick : 1920 - 1998 : Classical Philologist, Lexicographer and Co-decipherer of Linear B", Faculty of Classics, Cambridge University
  3. ^ John Chadwick A Biographical Fragment; 1942-5 in Action this Day edited by Michael Smith and Ralph Erskine (2001, Bantam Press, London) pp 110–126. ISBN 0593 049101.
  4. ^ "William Neville Mann", Munk's Roll, Royal College of Physicians
  5. ^ Killen, J. T.; Davies, Morpurgo (February 2015). "John Chadwick FBA (1920–1998): Extract from Proceedings of the British Academy obituary". British Academy Review. 115 (25). British Academy: 136–138. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=John_Chadwick&oldid=722834410"