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Revision as of 06:04, 11 June 2016

Apple Pay
Developer(s)Apple Inc.
Initial releaseOctober 20, 2014; 10 years ago (2014-10-20)
Operating systemiOS 8.1 or later
watchOS
Platform• physical & in-app
Apple Watch, iPhone 6 / 6 Plus, iPhone 6S / 6S Plus, iPhone SE
• via Apple Watch only
iPhone 5, iPhone 5C, iPhone 5S
• in-app only
iPad Air 2, iPad Pro, iPad Mini 3, iPad Mini 4
LicenseProprietary
Websitewww.apple.com/apple-pay (US)
www.apple.com/uk/apple-pay (UK)
www.apple.com/ca/apple-pay (CA)
www.apple.com/au/apple-pay (AU)
www.apple.com/cn/apple-pay (CN)
www.apple.com/sg/apple-pay (SG)

Apple Pay is a mobile payment and digital wallet service by Apple Inc. that lets users make payments using the iPhone 6, 6 Plus, and later, Apple Watch-compatible devices (iPhone 5 and later models), iPad Air 2, iPad Pro and iPad Mini 3 and later. Apple Pay does not require Apple Pay-specific contactless payment terminals, and can work with existing contactless terminals.[1]

Service

Apple Pay lets mobile devices make payments at contactless points of sale and in iOS apps. It digitizes and replaces the credit or debit card chip and PIN or magnetic stripe transaction at point-of-sale terminals. It is similar to contactless payments already used in many countries, with the addition of two-factor authentication. The service lets Apple devices wirelessly communicate with point of sale systems using a near field communication (NFC) antenna, a "dedicated chip that stores encrypted payment information" (known as the Secure Element), and Apple's Touch ID and Wallet.[2] The service is compatible with the iPhone 6, 6 Plus, 6S and 6S Plus, iPhone SE, iPad Air 2 and the Apple Watch. Users with iPhone 5, 5C, 5S, 6, 6 Plus, 6S, 6S Plus, and iPhone SE can use the service through an Apple Watch, though it lacks Touch ID security.[2] Instead, Apple Pay is activated with a passcode and will remain active for as long as the user wears the Apple Watch.[3]

The service keeps customer payment information private from the retailer, and creates a "dynamic security code [...] generated for each transaction".[2] Apple added that they would not track usage, which would stay between the customers, the vendors, and the banks. Users can also remotely halt the service on a lost phone via the Find My iPhone service.[2]

To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated Apple device to the point of sale system. iPhone users authenticate by holding their fingerprint to the phone's Touch ID sensor,[2] whereas Apple Watch users authenticate by double clicking a button on the device.[4] To pay in supported iOS apps, users choose Apple Pay as their payment method and authenticate with Touch ID.[2] Users can add payment cards to the service in any of three ways: through their iTunes accounts, by taking a photo of the card, or by entering the card information manually.

In the United Kingdom, payments using contactless cards are limited to £30 (previously £20 until August 2015) as they have only one-factor authentication. Although payments using Apple Pay have two-factor authentication and no transaction limit, they are in practice subject to the previous £20-30 transaction limit until retailers upgrade the software in their terminals to support the latest network contactless specifications.[5][6]

Apple assumes some liability for fraudulent use of the service.[2] Banks are expected to carry the burden of the service, and Apple is said to have negotiated smaller transaction fees. In turn, the banks hoped to capture purchases that were formerly handled without credit.[7] Financial Times reported that Apple receives 0.15% cut of US purchases made with the service,[8] but, following the UK launch, reported that Apple's cut is much lower in the UK. This is largely because Regulation (EU) 2015/751 capped interchange fees in the European Economic Area at 0.3% for personal credit cards and 0.2% for personal debit cards with effect from June 8, 2015.[9][10]

History

The service was announced at Apple's iPhone 6 event on September 9, 2014. At its announcement, Apple CEO Tim Cook described the magnetic stripe card payment process as broken for its reliance on plastic cards "outdated and vulnerable magnetic interface", "exposed numbers", and insecure "security codes".[2] The iOS 8.1 software update accompanying the service's launch activated Apple Pay on compatible devices.[2][4][11] The company announced an API for app developers to build Apple Pay checkout into their apps.[2]

The service was in preparation for "a long time", as Apple acquired startups, hired executives and filed patents related to payments.[2] Apple partnered with American Express, Mastercard and Visa. Their joint project began in January 2013, though they had discussed Apple's potential involvement for years. Their joint solution was a system where single-use digital tokens would replace the transfer of personal information.[7] A Visa executive said that 750 people at the company worked on the anonymized "token" system for a year, and the other partners had similar teams in collaboration.[12] MasterCard began work on the project in 2013 and hoped that their joint work would become a "standard for mobile payments".[12] The announcement of the service came at a time when MasterCard and Visa policy created strong incentives for upgrading to mobile payment-compatible point of sale systems.[2] Apple then approached several big banks in mid 2013 and did not divulge the names of the other banks. To maintain secrecy, JPMorgan set up a windowless "war room" where the majority of the sensitive work was done. Of their 300 people on the project, about 100 knew that the partner was Apple. Others close to the project did not know it was named "Apple Pay" until the announcement. The company's participation remained a secret leading up to its announcement.[7]

The service initially supported US-issued payments cards. An international roll-out is ongoing, beginning with support for UK-issued payment cards in July 2015.[13] On December 17, 2015, Apple announced that it will launch Apple Pay with 15 major banks in China,[14] and Chinese users can use Apple Pay since February 18, 2016.[15]

In October 2015, Apple Pay vice president Jennifer Bailey confirmed that KFC, Chili's, and Starbucks would launch Apple Pay in 2016.[16]

On March 8, 2016, ExxonMobil officially launched Apple Pay support within its Speedpass+ iOS app, letting customers pay for gas or car washes directly from their iPhone, eliminating the need to use the ExxonMobil's physical NFC Speedpass keychain token at the point of transaction.[17]

On April 27, 2016, ANZ made Apple Pay available to their American Express and Visa cardholders in Australia.[18][19]

On May 4, 2016, Kohl's became the first retailer allow the use of Apple Pay with Kohl's Charge Cards or other credit or debit cards enrolled with Apple Pay and simultaneously earn Yes2You Rewards loyalty points with a single tap using Apple Pay. J. C. Penney announced that they will be rolling out the same in the near future.[20]

On May 10, 2016, Apple Pay was expanded the service in Canada to customers of RBC, CIBC, ATB Financial and Canadian Tire Bank. The expansion includes varying support for Visa, MasterCard, and Interac, covering most major debit and credit cards in Canada. Apple Pay was previously only available in Canada for non-bank-issued American Express cards. Apple Pay will be further expanded to TD Canada Trust, Scotiabank, and the Bank of Montreal in the "coming months" to complete the rollout across the Canada's Big Five financial institutions.[21] Apple Pay support is also coming soon to Air Canada, Aldo, Domino's, Pizza Pizza, Zulily, and the TTC transit system in Toronto. Additionally, the payment service is integrated into the iPhone and iPad applications for the Apple Store, Delta, Etsy, Fancy, Groupon, Kickstarter, Priceline, Starbucks, Ticketmaster, Uber, and Zara starting in June 2016.[22]

On May 19, 2016, Chime Banking initiated its support of Apple Pay.[23]

Apple Pay launched in Singapore on April 19, 2016 with American Express issued cards. On May 25, 2016, this was extended to support Visa and MasterCard credit and debit cards issued by Singapore's five major banks, translating to about 83 percent of credit and debit cards in the country.[24]

BMO, Scotiabank, and TD Canada Trust, which make up three of the five largest banks in Canada, rolled out Apple Pay support on June 1, 2016.[25]

On June 1, 2016, KFC has announced that it now accepts Apple Pay at some of its U.S. restaurants, with nationwide adoption to be completed by the end of the summer.[26]

On June 3, 2016, Grubhub, the nation's leading online and mobile food-ordering and delivery platform began accepting payment from its customers using Apple Pay on it's two applications; Grubhub and Seamless.[27] The company is keeping up with its rivals in adopting the payment service as Caviar, DoorDash, and Postmates.[28]

Under a partnership with American Express, Hong Kong and Spain will also get Apple Pay support in 2016.[29]

Release dates
Date Support for payment cards issued in
October 20, 2014 United States United States
July 14, 2015 United Kingdom United Kingdom
November 17, 2015 Canada Canada
November 19, 2015 Australia Australia (American Express)
April 27, 2016 Australia Australia (ANZ)
February 18, 2016 China China
April 19, 2016 Singapore Singapore
June 13, 2016 Switzerland Switzerland
2016 Hong Kong Hong Kong (American Express)
2016 Spain Spain (American Express)

Reception

Reviews

Journalists noted the multiple previously unsuccessful efforts of other retailers to build mobile payments services,[2][12] including those of PayPal, Wal-Mart, Target,[2] Google Wallet, and Softcard.[12] They noted that previous efforts did not solve customer inconvenience issues, and felt that Apple Pay potentially did.[2] The Verge's Adrianne Jeffries noted that mobile payment market fragmentation was partially due to Apple's refusal to enter the market. BusinessWeek's Joshua Brustein added that Apple has a history of letting "first movers fail" with an early version of the service before releasing "a more polished version of the same idea".[2] The Verge's Dieter Bohn called Apple Pay the "week's most revolutionary product" and the announcement "a classic Apple moment of simplification and integration", and the partnership between payments services and Apple "a rare piece of collaboration and agreement". He predicted that the service's effect on the mobile payments industry would be similar to the iPhone's effect on the smartphone industry.[12] Nathaniel Popper of The New York Times referred to the banks' level of coordination with Apple as "elaborate" and indicative of mutual "preparation and investment".[7] Some analysts added that the service could reduce the standard credit card transaction fees over time, since fees traditionally cover credit card fraud. The banks were willing to work with Apple in the face of efforts like Bitcoin and the Merchant Customer Exchange, which seeks to work around the card networks.[7]

Early reviews of the service regarded it as easy to use, but were not sure whether the service would become widely adopted.[30][31] The Verge's Nilay Patel wrote that the product demo was "remarkably smooth" and "a cohesive user experience".[30] Patel said the process took five to ten seconds at a retail card reader, and added that it may be less smooth at stores such as Walgreens, where cashiers prompt customers for loyalty cards and charity donations.[30] The New York Times's Neil Irwin wrote that Apple exaggerated the inconvenience of credit cards. Among the plastic card's benefits, he included how others could make purchases on another's behalf and how dead cell phones could leave the owner stranded.[31]

There are many controversial topics as to whether or not Apple Pay is safe.[32] The answer may vary from different perspectives. However, Apple has taken major steps to make it very secure. Besides the NFC-based chip architecture, Apple has integrated Touch ID and a complex passcode architecture into the mobile wallet system. Apple Pay also keeps your identity a secret throughout the process. Each Apple Pay transaction online or in-app is authorised with a one-time unique dynamic security code, instead of using the safety code from the back of your card.

Adoption

Paying for coffee with Square's Apple Pay reader

Apple announced that more than 1 million credit cards had been registered on Apple Pay in the first 3 days of its availability,[33] making it the largest mobile payment system in the US at the time.[34] There were 220,000 participating vendors when it launched.[35][36] Outside the United States and the United Kingdom, Apple Pay can be used with American and British payment cards at compatible NFC-based payment terminals.[37][38][39]

In the United States, Apple faced opposition by the mobile payments industry, particularly the Merchant Customer Exchange (MCX) which is trialling a competing system known as CurrentC. Several participants of CurrentC, such as Best Buy and Walmart, had initially stated that they would not accept Apple Pay as a result of exclusivity deals. CVS Pharmacy and Rite-Aid subsequently disabled all NFC payment systems in favor of CurrentC,[7][40][41] although due to the exclusivity period ending in August 2015, Rite Aid has begun accepting it August 15, 2015.[42][43] Best Buy has begun to accept Apple Pay at all stores starting in October 2015.[44] Target's CEO Brian Cornell said that they would be open to accepting Apple Pay eventually after chip and pin is done, but they remain involved with MCX.[45]

Transport for London, one of Apple Pay's official UK launch partners and one of the largest contactless merchants in the world, became the UK's most used Apple Pay merchant.[46][47][48][49]

As of February 11, 2016, 20% of iPhone 6 users in the United States reported using the service at least once.[50] Apple maintains an up-to-date list of merchants who accept Apple Pay on its website.

On June 2, 2016, to Fortune, Apple said its mobile payment platform is gaining a million new users each week, yet the company did not reveal the total number of Apple Pay users. Apple also revealed that transaction volume through the service is five times what it was a year ago, and that payment volume within apps more than doubled in the second half of 2015.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ Turner, Adam (September 10, 2014). "Apple Pay gives tap-and-go a much-needed shove". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Jeffries, Adrianne (September 9, 2014). "Apple Pay allows you to pay at the counter with your iPhone 6". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Clever trick will safeguard Apple Watch from thieves". Cult Of Mac. September 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
  4. ^ a b D'Orazio, Dante (September 9, 2014). "Apple Watch works with Apple Pay to replace your credit cards". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "About Apple Pay for merchants in the UK". Apple. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  6. ^ Titcomb, James (June 24, 2015). "Most Apple Pay UK transactions will be limited to £20, for now". The Telegraph. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Popper, Nathaniel (September 11, 2014). "Banks Did It Apple's Way in Payments by Mobile". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 15, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Fiveash, Kelly (September 13, 2014). "Apple Pay is a tidy payday for Apple with 0.15% cut, sources say". The Register. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Arnold, Martin (July 14, 2015). "UK banks put squeeze on Apple Pay fees". Financial Times. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  10. ^ "Regulation (EU) 2015/751 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on interchange fees for card-based payment transactions". European Commission. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
  11. ^ "How To Set Up Apple Pay On Your Iphone, Ipad and Apple Watch". TaletnLeopard.
  12. ^ a b c d e Bohn, Dieter (September 10, 2014). "Apple Pay was this week's most revolutionary product". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Most Apple Pay payments will have £20 limit, banks say". BBC. June 9, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
  14. ^ Rao, Leena (December 17, 2015). "Apple Pay Is Finally Coming To China". Fortune.
  15. ^ "Apple Pay to be available in China from this week". BBC News. February 18, 2016.
  16. ^ Rossignol, Joe. "KFC Now Accepts Apple Pay in the United States". Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  17. ^ "ExxonMobil lets you buy gas using Apple Pay at the pump". CNET. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  18. ^ "Apple Pay - Apple (AU)". Apple (AU). Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  19. ^ "Apple, ANZ Bank strike deal to bring Apple Pay to Australia". Reuters. April 27, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  20. ^ Rossignol, Joe. "Kohl's Becomes First Retailer to Support Store Payments and Rewards With One Tap in Apple Pay". Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  21. ^ "Apple Pay - Apple (CA)". Apple (CA). Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  22. ^ Rossignol, Joe. "Apple Pay Coming to Canada's Banks Starting With RBC and CIBC Today". Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  23. ^ Rossignol, Joe. "Chime Banking Now Supports Apple Pay". Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  24. ^ "Apple Pay expands in Singapore". Channel NewsAsia.
  25. ^ "All Big Five banks join Apple Pay club | Toronto Star". thestar.com. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  26. ^ KFC. "Convenient Commerce Comes To KFC Customers". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  27. ^ "GrubHub Inc. (via Public) / Apple Pay Coming to Grubhub's Customers". www.publicnow.com. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  28. ^ Tepper, Fitz. "You can now use Apple Pay to pay for Seamless and Grubhub deliveries". TechCrunch. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  29. ^ "Apple Partnering With American Express to Bring Apple Pay to Canada, Australia, Spain, Singapore and Hong Kong". MacRumors.
  30. ^ a b c Patel, Nilay (September 9, 2014). "Apple Pay hands-on: is this the future of payments?". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ a b Irwin, Neil (September 10, 2014). "Apple Pay Tries to Solve a Problem That Really Isn't a Problem". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ Brown, Aaron. "Is Apple Pay SAFE: How paying in-store with your iPhone REALLY works". Express.co.uk. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  33. ^ Worland, Justin (October 28, 2014). "Apple Pay Registers 1 Million Credit Cards in 3 Days". Time. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  34. ^ "Number Of Users On Apple Pay - Business Insider". Business Insider. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  35. ^ Perez, Sarah (September 9, 2014). "Apple Announces Mobile Payment Solution Called Apple Pay". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ Snider, Mike (September 9, 2014). "Apple hopes to jump-start mobile payments with Apple Pay". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ Smith, Chris (October 21, 2014). "Apple Pay works in countries outside the U.S. with this simple trick". Boy Genius Report. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
  38. ^ Gokey, Malarie (October 22, 2014). "Apple Pay Works Abroad! ... If You Have a U.S. Credit Card". Digital Trends. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
  39. ^ Rogowksi, Mark (October 20, 2014). "Apple Pay Is Here And It's Going To Be Great: Why The Skeptics Have It Wrong". Forbes. Retrieved October 21, 2014. First, a clarification. There is no 'accepting Apple Pay.' You may have read an article or five suggesting that retailers don't plan to support Apple Pay, implying there is some special thing they have to do to work with Apple. What a retailer needs is nothing more than a NFC-equipped point-of-sale terminal.
  40. ^ Constine, Josh (October 25, 2014). "CurrentC Is The Big Retailers' Clunky Attempt To Kill Apple Pay And Credit Card Fees". TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
  41. ^ "Apple Pay goes offline at CVS, Rite Aid". Ars Technica. October 30, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  42. ^ Rite Aid Reverses Course, Will Accept Apple Pay Starting August 15
  43. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/08/11/rite-aid-apple-pay/31455651/
  44. ^ http://www.macrumors.com/2015/09/17/best-buy-apple-pay-rolling-out/
  45. ^ http://recode.net/2015/05/27/target-ceo-loves-apple-pay-but-wants-chip-and-pin-cards-first/
  46. ^ Mortimer, Natalie (July 20, 2015). "TfL proves most popular retailer on Apple Pay UK following launch". The Drum. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  47. ^ Titcomb, James (July 20, 2015). "How London's transport crunch forged a contactless revolution". The Telegraph. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  48. ^ Gibbs, Samuel (July 16, 2015). "TfL cautions users over pitfalls of Apple Pay". The Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  49. ^ "Apple Pay". Transport for London. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  50. ^ "Apple Pay Awareness, Adoption Plateau According to First Annapolis Survey". Annapolis. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  51. ^ "Grubhub Adds Apple Pay To Food Delivery Apps". Fortune. June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
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