Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas/Selected article/3: Difference between revisions
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{{Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas/Selected article/Layout |
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|image=Aztec woman speaking.jpg |
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|rollover=Nahua woman from the Florentine Codex. The speech scroll indicates that she is speaking |
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|rollover=In a famous council on April 27, 1763, Pontiac urged listeners to rise up against the British. (19th century engraving by Alfred Bobbet) |
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|text='''[[Nahuatl]]''', known historically as '''Aztec''', is a language or group of languages of the [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan language family]]. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by an estimated {{nowrap|1.5 million}} [[Nahua peoples]], most of whom live in central [[Mexico]]. All [[Nahuan languages]] are indigenous to [[Mesoamerica]]. |
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|text='''[[Pontiac's War]]''', '''Pontiac's Conspiracy''', or '''Pontiac's Rebellion''' was a war that was launched in 1763 by a [[#Origins|loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes]] primarily from the [[Great Lakes region]], the [[Illinois Country]], and [[Ohio Country]] who were dissatisfied with [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the [[French and Indian War]] (1754–1763). Warriors from numerous tribes joined the uprising in an effort to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the region. The war is named after the [[Odawa people|Ottawa]] leader [[Chief Pontiac|Pontiac]], the most prominent of many native leaders in the conflict. |
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Nahuatl has been spoken in central Mexico since at least the seventh century CE.It was the language of the [[Aztec]]s who dominated what is now central Mexico during the Late Postclassic period of [[Mesoamerican chronology|Mesoamerican history]]. During the centuries preceding the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire]], the Aztecs had expanded to incorporate a large part of central Mexico, and its influence caused the variety of Nahuatl spoken by the residents of [[Tenochtitlan]] to become a [[prestige dialect|prestige language]] in Mesoamerica. At the conquest, with the introduction of the [[Latin alphabet]], Nahuatl also became a [[literary language]], and many [[chronicle]]s, [[grammar]]s, works of [[poetry]], administrative [[document]]s and [[Aztec codices|codices]] were written in it during the 16th and 17th centuries.{{sfn|Canger|1980|page=13}} This early literary language based on the Tenochtitlan variety has been labeled [[Classical Nahuatl language|Classical Nahuatl]] and is among the most studied and best-documented languages of America. |
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Today, [[Nahuan languages]] are spoken in scattered communities, mostly in rural areas throughout central Mexico and along the coastline. There are considerable differences among varieties, and some are [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually unintelligible]]. [[Huasteca Nahuatl]], with over 1 million speakers, is the most-spoken variety. They have all been subject to varying degrees of [[language contact|influence]] from Spanish. No modern Nahuan languages are identical to Classical Nahuatl, but those spoken in and around the [[Valley of Mexico]] are generally more closely related to it than those on the periphery |link=Nahuatl |
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The war began in May 1763 when Native Americans, offended by the policies of British General [[Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst|Jeffrey Amherst]], attacked a number of British forts and settlements. Eight forts were destroyed, and hundreds of colonists were killed or captured, with many more fleeing the region. Hostilities came to an end after [[British Army]] expeditions in 1764 led to peace negotiations over the next two years. Native Americans were unable to drive away the British, but the uprising prompted the British government to modify the policies that had provoked the conflict. |
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|link=Pontiac's War |
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Revision as of 15:47, 13 June 2016
Nahuatl, known historically as Aztec, is a language or group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Varieties of Nahuatl are spoken by an estimated 1.5 million Nahua peoples, most of whom live in central Mexico. All Nahuan languages are indigenous to Mesoamerica. Nahuatl has been spoken in central Mexico since at least the seventh century CE.It was the language of the Aztecs who dominated what is now central Mexico during the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican history. During the centuries preceding the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Aztecs had expanded to incorporate a large part of central Mexico, and its influence caused the variety of Nahuatl spoken by the residents of Tenochtitlan to become a prestige language in Mesoamerica. At the conquest, with the introduction of the Latin alphabet, Nahuatl also became a literary language, and many chronicles, grammars, works of poetry, administrative documents and codices were written in it during the 16th and 17th centuries.[1] This early literary language based on the Tenochtitlan variety has been labeled Classical Nahuatl and is among the most studied and best-documented languages of America.
Today, Nahuan languages are spoken in scattered communities, mostly in rural areas throughout central Mexico and along the coastline. There are considerable differences among varieties, and some are mutually unintelligible. Huasteca Nahuatl, with over 1 million speakers, is the most-spoken variety. They have all been subject to varying degrees of influence from Spanish. No modern Nahuan languages are identical to Classical Nahuatl, but those spoken in and around the Valley of Mexico are generally more closely related to it than those on the periphery
- ^ Canger 1980, p. 13.