Palestinian Jews

Palestinian Jew is the term used to refer to a Jewish inhabitant of Palestine (known in Hebrew as Eretz Israel, the "Land of Israel") prior to the establishment of the modern state of Israel.The Torah written to understand dreams and its simultaneous reality, a textbook perfected for oracle's completely misunderstood where the stories took place, it was every place. Oracles understood that a rebellion from sorcerers was progressing of Arabs. A war of witchcraft, dreams and stories that control decisions from witness accounts of events from personal imagination not reality. Jewish was a combination of the word's "Jehovah and yesh" a cheer and term of reference to a friendship group of New York tied to America's vanguards by blood and some of the Torah's authors. It explained as a story conscience development through the ages with the name an answer for personality as an exact equation. The Torah completed with its writing on parchment by 1911 in New York by New York artisans who were referred to as Sephardic, exact on the books dictation. Hebrew is the language of writing where every letter represented a meaning, constant. Its attached tune independent of any letter an integral, setting the distance of each letter's meaning. The letter and tune would compose words in spoken Hebrew and when letters are read as a dream they are independent in meaning of the word, when the Torah is read it is understood simultaneously as dream and reality. Oracles train endlessly, distancing and comparing dreams to reality, the letter a word, the word a sentence, the sentence a paragraph. The stories mainly in dream and never more than a day's travel in its reality where there was settlement of Adam the name. Oracles well trained can identify sorcerers as individuals, and they are people, who hide behind their ghosts, demons and antic premonitions. Israel the name was all people playing by the same rules,whatever land, designed to take hold to a dual conscience for all names, as exact equations. The Torah's trained oracles-neviem are judged by their success in establishing and protecting registers of government, its founding citizens, their history and bloodline. Birthright's are individuals whose parent names inscribed on a founding citizens register on a day chosen of a survey's completion, now their judicial boundary and never changed, assured by all dynasties that only benefit from each other's success. A craze for the Hebrew letter lead to write everything from laws to protocols to languages as Yiddish never really spoken, philosophies enjoyed and some over explained. The megillah Esther written as a parody following the completion of the Torah, in a early explanation; the Jews and Mordechai are irritating ghosts, Israel was not mentioned, its meaning not yet set in conscience. The spoken Hebrew was developed in the Middle East as a protest, then rebellion against sorcerers following the leaders turning to Torah in training oracles to fight a witch war, they did not succeed, The Ha-lab rebellion. To keep the flame of rebellion other Hebrew writings were adopted, any publication that had to be explained was suitable to Arab strategists in need of their rebels to read and continue to think, volumes were printed words added. By few in an act of defiance and hope to those their humanities care were in trusted, named their homes and streets from places listed in the Torah, not for accuracy but to make known shelter for the rebellion that continued to march, the fight was with the ghost makers not the ghosts and was constantly forgotten. They tried to convince, maybe from belief, the Sephardic that they were from Spain and the vanguards were a lost tribe needing to return home, confused knowing the El train not far, not a premonition but a token and ride. The results of events in desperation and convincing sincerity lead them to believe Israel was an ancient country, it was not it was an ancient war. The Arabs from Sinai possessed and a population estimated up to 30 million people were sent to trample Ben Gurion and his rebels selling their land to self-licensing Russians. Ben Gurion was no longer. In Russia there was never Judaism or a Jew, neither Germany, Spain, Europe, North Africa, all Africa and of course Sinai. The only people who were Jewish and devout were living not far from the first Sephardic or Vanderbilt. Those that came to Israel were few and abused given minimal assistance and kept for brand name recognition. They were the only that that arrived under Israel's law of return listed in government publications a requirement for citizenship. The government in Israel inept, added Arabs prior to 1970 as citizens in its original publications. Done in hast, thought in spite, not knowing most were Israel and those with a right of birth, Ha-lab. Israel was and they were blinded. The Russians at first did not hide from the truth, Arabs from the south and east built and sold apartments in the Middle East at no cost and with an emotion never a need to explain, they came. Arabs and Americans accused the Russians of piracy creating currency of Israel, distributing it with no care to invite an invasion of the Middle East by Russians, licensing fictions of the rebels to theater and suppression of their bloodline and country in years of its inception whose name they took for prestige, not guidance. Israel's government was in control by these self-passported visitors, tourist generals and those that offended the culture they advertised for jest. The abuse was documented and strategies of challenge are in fruition. Singers of songs promoted inaccuracies with their fantasy poems. Their publishing of school books inherently fail as a people within a people is not a birthright it is a burden and religion or linguistic skills are not a replacement for the finality of a citizen's register. Documentation of birth, laws and history under management of their eternal apprentices to those whose concern for the culture they seized was their absorption through ignorance by use of limitless amounts of gas drugs in designing souls of a nation of the Ha-lab. A nation born from rebellion whose souls inscribed sworn by and never to be changed, an oath accepted by Judges never needing to be judged from the country that liberty is its soil and the token thought a ride and not a premonition is a premonition that they are not far away. The power and knowledge of witchcraft hidden from pirates from Plymouth Rock to Salem and then to Ellis, is now available. A few in what is now Israel rebelled again for their register and dynasty and their rights of birth. They the parent's children and children of the founders speak Hebrew explaining their country while under the influence of ignorance and others just silent as never ending daydreamers. Broadcasts are listened to and nonsense is nonsense. *Paternity tests were forbidden by the government as a challenge to culture. A country of twelve million and not one understands the Torah, not one oracle to sense the distance of reality from dreams, to turn sorcerer games to a gambit to revelation and then to game; A Prophet's desire. The Jewish community in America is not a people but a fraternity and is America from its earliest times, The State of Israel was not known to them prior to 1970 and Israel's direct connection to the Torah never was. The New York community who were Torah from its earliest moments were referred to as Aram Soba, they were a family or quorum. They read the Torah to perfection and were the founders of the Jewish religion, there was nothing more.They never had any connection to Syria as mentioned or the middle east and would explain endlessly that Israel was a country distant from them trying to train neviem for designing a soul and protect themselves from sorcerers and pirates they navigate. Jerusalem the city was a middle east city of prayer not connected or mentioned in the Torah. When approached by Israel it was not clear to their youth why. America their country was in a war of wits with a country called soviet union not known, and then the Arab oil embargo, which could not be understood since all oil is manufactured in plants and never drained from wells. The Suez canal never existed and the price of oil and gold also produced in labs and shops skyrocketed, all the insanity was traced back to Tel Aviv. We heard of your Aliya program, immigrants bringing immigrants is espionage to all countries that are law abiding, immigration or emigration is forbidden of any country that has a citizens list. Israel referred to itself as the holy land, issued medallions of righteous gentiles or prisoner of conscience, convinced students to demonstrate to free soviet Jewry with slogans let my people go, impossible for sense to be made. Latter it was realized to be a cover-up of Israel's collapse to Russia and their abundant sorcerers, they invaded us too and we knew. Israel's representatives were not in the same health or reasoning of those from their country that were met in 1950. They sold everything to everyone and everything was for sale. The holocaust that was shouted about had no reality; Jews who are Torah are fanatics about countries laws, its registers and do not disappear nor assimilate, if they just do not participate, it is their right. Israel's whole citizenship had to produce wealth, searching for property of Jews everywhere, selling air from the holy land and believing water is anything but the easiest resource to produce, speaking of Arab invasions as a reality or threat as they wished to prevent agriculture from flourishing, Israel were Arabs themselves. Billing whether collected or not for the Knesset building fund, the Germans; the army upkeep, the Americans; the hospitals, Panamanians; the universities, French; the infrastructure rails and buses, The European Union; museums, Mexico; Religious Court offices, United Kingdom; cities, park and recreation facilities, Canadians; and Israel's National Insurance established from German reparations that was requested from Argentina. By 1981 Israel's institutions had eight times more wealth per citizen then any country on the planet, impossible for any purpose. And the money kept rolling in. Israel of Ben Gurion returned to being Arabs delivering buckets of gold to get a women or employment. We will do and then we will listen, a prayer in middle east academies of higher learning to be beggars as a goal and career. Using Aram's language of prayer for a performance that had no ovation. Not all the men delivered the gold, women they did not have, employment hampered not out of philosophy but dreams that one of them will understand what was occurring while constantly being challenged for not delivering their share. The gas drugs create dreaming, controlling a personalities emotions, perpetual pains and body functions and are set permanently and the answer to what was occurring. The Aram family was brought to Israel from New York and children that were illicit, mamzerim were born from rape to our sisters. In my home, it was planned adultery and I had nowhere to turn, two children are illicit and mamzerim. An experiment, maybe justified by Israel, that one person in their country would identify the problem and reality of what was happening and there was not. One son is now thirty two years of age and the second twenty seven. State of Israel who are you. Ha-lab this is Aram, the judge from the family.We took it all. Does the rebellion continue? Is there any life in your country?

The common term for the Jewish community of Ottoman Palestine during the 19th century, and British Mandatory Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel is Yishuv ("settlement"). A distinction is drawn between the "New Yishuv", largely composed of and descended from immigrants after the First Aliyah in 1881, and the "Old Yishuv", the pre-existing Jewish community of Palestine prior to the First Aliyah.

In addition to applying to Jews who lived in Palestine during the British Mandate era, the term "Palestinian Jews" has also been applied to Jewish residents of Ottoman (Southern Syria), and there are scholarly instances of referring to the Jews of the Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda provinces (4th to 7th centuries CE) of the Byzantine Empire in Late Antiquity as "Palestinian Jews".

After the establishment of Israel in 1948, the Jews of Mandatory Palestine became Israeli citizens, and the term "Palestinian Jews" has largely fallen into disuse, in favor of the term Israeli Jews.

Historical overview

Main articles: Ottoman Jews, History of the Jews under Muslim rule, and Pre-Modern Aliyah

18th-century Palestinian rabbi Raphael Chayyim Isaac Carregal

Prior to dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, the population of the area comprising modern Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip was not exclusively Muslim. Under the Empire's rule in the mid-16th century, there were no more than 10,000 Jews in Palestine, making up around 5% of the population. By the mid-19th century, Turkish sources recorded that 80% of the 600,000-strong population was identified as Muslim, 10% as Christian Arab and 5-7% as Jewish.

The situation of the Jewish community in Palestine was more complicated than in neighbouring Arab countries. Whereas in Yemen, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, communities were largely homogeneous in ethnic and confessional terms, in Palestine in the 19th century, Jewish pilgrims and European Christian colonial projects attracted large numbers of Ashkenazi immigrants from Eastern Europe and Sephardic groups from Bulgaria, Turkey and North Africa. The Jews of Palestine were not exclusively of Iberian origins, and included substantial Yiddish speaking communities who had established themselves in Palestine centuries earlier.

Workers in Kerem Avraham neighborhood of Jerusalem (between 1852 and 1862)

Jews in 'Ben Zakai' house of prayer, Jerusalem, 1893.

Jews of Jerusalem, 1895.

Jews of Peki'in, c. 1930

Towards the end of the Ottoman era in Palestine, native Jewish communities lived primarily in the four 'holy cities' of Safed, Tiberias, Hebron and Jerusalem. The Jewish population consisted of Ashkenazim (Judeo-German speakers) and Sephardim, the latter of which could be further subdivided as Sephardim proper (Judeo-Spanish speakers) and Maghrebim (North African Arabic speakers) or Mizrahim (Middle Eastern Jews, comparable to the Arabic term "Mashriqiyyun", or Easterners). The majority of Jews in the four holy cities, with the exception of Jerusalem, were Arabic and Judaeo-Spanish speakers. The dominant language among Jews in Jerusalem was Yiddish, due to the large migration of pious Ashkenazi Jews from Russia and Eastern Europe. Still, in 1882, there were 7,620 Sephardim in Jerusalem, of whom 1,290 were Maghrebim, from the Maghreb or North Africa. Natives of the city, they were Turkish subjects, and fluent in Arabic. Arabic also served as the lingua franca between the Sephradim/Mizrahim/Maghrebim and Ashkenazim and their non-Jewish Arab counterparts in mixed cities like Safed and Hebron.

In the narrative works of Arabs in Palestine in the late Ottoman period, as evidenced in the autobiographies and diaries of Khalil al-Sakakini and Wasif Jawhariyyeh, "native" Jews were often referred to and described as abnaa al-balad (sons of the country), 'compatriots', or Yahud awlad Arab (Jews, sons of Arabs). When the First Palestinian Congress of February 1919 issued its anti-Zionist manifesto rejecting Zionist immigration, it extended a welcome to those Jews "among us who have been Arabicized, who have been living in our province since before the war; they are as we are, and their loyalties are our own."

Reference to European Jews as "Palestinians" prior to 1948

European Jews were commonly considered an "Oriental" people in many of their host countries, usually as reference to their ancestral origins in the Middle East. A prominent example of this is Immanuel Kant, an (18th-century Prussian philosopher) who referred to European Jews as "Palestinians living among us."

Naming of "Israel" in Arabic

Official documents released in April 2013 by the State Archive of Israel show that days before the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948, Jewish officials were still debating about what the new country would be called in Arabic: Palestine (Filastin), Zion (Sahyoun) or Israel (Isra’il). Two assumptions were made: "That an Arab state was about to be established alongside the Jewish one in keeping with the UN’s partition resolution the year before, and that the Jewish state would include a large Arab minority whose feelings needed to be taken into account". In the end, the officials rejected the name Palestine because they thought that would be the name of the new Arab state and could cause confusion so they opted for the most straightforward option: Israel.

Dispute over usage of the term "Palestinian Jew"

See also: Definitions of Palestinian

PLO usage

The Palestinian National Charter, as amended by the PLO's Palestinian National Council in July 1968, defined "Palestinians" as "those Arab nationals who, until 1947, normally resided in Palestine regardless of whether they were evicted from it or stayed there. Anyone born, after that date, of a Palestinian father—whether in Palestine or outside it—is also a Palestinian." Additionally, "The Jews who had normally resided in Palestine until the beginning of the Zionist invasion will be considered Palestinians."

Israeli usage

Yaakov Meir (Born in 1856 in Jerusalem), the first Sephardic Chief Rabbi appointed in Mandatory Palestine, preferred not to use the term "Palestinian Jew" due to his Zionist affiliations. He spoke fluent Hebrew and encouraged the construction of new Jewish quarters of Jerusalem as well as the re-establishment of an Independent Israeli Jewish State.

Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel (Born in 1880 in Jerusalem), was the Sephardi chief rabbi of Mandatory Palestine from 1939 to 1948, and of Israel from 1948 to 1954. He served as a Mizrahi delegate to the Zionist Congress from 1925-46. As a religious Zionist, he strongly believed in the redemption of Israel and bringing the Jewish exiles back to the land to create a religious Jewish state of Israel. As a strong supporter of Israeli nationalism, in his writing The Redemption of Israel he wrote: "We all desire that the in gathering of the exiles should take place from all areas where they have been scattered; and that our holy language will be upon our lips and upon the lips of our children, in building the Land and its flowering through the hands and work of Israel; and we will all strive to see the flag of freedom and redemption waving in glory and strength upon the walls of Jerusalem."

Mordechai Eliyahu (Born in Jerusalem March 3, 1929 – June 7, 2010) was a prominent rabbi, posek and spiritual leader. He served as the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1983 to 1993. Because Eliyahu was one of the spiritual leaders of the Religious Zionist movement he refused to use the term "Palestinian" and believed all Jews should refrain from using the term. He was an outspoken opponent of the Gaza Disengagement of 2005 and supported Jewish settlements in Gaza and the West Bank (Judea and Samaria). He was considered somewhat controversial for his decades-long support of the radical right of the Religious Zionist movement. Eliyahu was a friend of Rabbi Meir Kahane and his family.

Uri Davis, an Israeli citizen, academic, activist and observer-member in the Palestinian National Council living in the Arab town of Sakhnin, identified himself as an "anti-Zionist Palestinian Hebrew". Davis explained, "I don’t describe myself as a Palestinian Hebrew, but I actually happen to be a Palestinian Hebrew, I was born in Jerusalem in 1943 in a country called Palestine and the title of my birth certificate is 'Government of Palestine'. That is neither here nor there, though. It is significant only in a political context in which I am situated, and the political context that is relevant to my work, my advocacy of a critique of Zionism. I'm an anti-Zionist." He has since converted to Islam in 2008 to marry a Palestinian Muslim woman Miyassar Abu Ali whom he met in 2006. Since then he no longer considers himself Jewish.

Tali Fahima, an Israeli pro-Palestinian activist, describes her nationality as Palestinian. Fahima was born in Kiryat Gat, a development town in the south of Israel, to a family of Algerian Jewish origin. Fahima lives in the Arab village Ar'ara in northern Israel, and works as a Hebrew teacher. In June 2010, it was reported that she converted to Islam at a mosque in Umm al-Fahm.

The actor, director and activist Juliano Mer-Khamis, the son of an Israeli Jewish mother and a Palestinian father, described himself in a 2009 interview with Israel Army Radio as "100 percent Palestinian Arab and 100 percent Jewish".

See also

• History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel
  • Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
  • Palestinian Gaonate
  • Palestinian minhag
  • Palestinian rabbis
  • Palestinian synagogues
  • Palestinian vocalization
• Israeli Jews
• Sabra (person)
• Yishuv

External links

Media related to Jewish people of Palestine at Wikimedia Commons