N'kisi: Difference between revisions

N'kisi
N'kisi
Known for	Intelligent use of language

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N'kisi is an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) thought to exhibit advanced English talking skills and other abilities.

Accomplishments

According to news reports and websites,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] as of January 2004 N'kisi had a vocabulary of about 950 words and used them in context, frequently in complete sentences, had approximated verb forms to maintain the correct tense (such as saying flied when not knowing the past tense of fly), and did not depend on learned phrases to communicate his thoughts. N'kisi was shown as being supposedly capable of understanding photographic images, naming objects (within his vocabulary) appearing in a photo and inventing new terms for things he does not know words for by combining other words, like "pretty smell medicine" for aromatherapy oils. One anecdote recounted by the primatologist Jane Goodall says that, upon meeting her in person after seeing a photo of her, N'Kisi asked, "Got a chimp?"^[5]^[6] It was claimed he demonstrated a possible sense of humor.

Controversy

There is controversy about whether parrots are capable of using language, or merely mimic what they hear. However, some scientific studies—for example those conducted over a 30-year period by Irene Pepperberg with an African grey named Alex and other parrots, covered in stories on network television on numerous occasions^[7]—have suggested that these parrots are capable of using words meaningfully in linguistic tasks.^[8]

N'kisi also took part in a published scientific study of telepathic abilities conducted by Rupert Sheldrake and the parrot's owner Aimee Morgana. The researchers who conducted the study claim the results present a statistically significant indication of ability, while the study^[9] has been criticized by skeptics.^[10]

References

External links

[1] ttp://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/animals/newsid_3432000/3432133.stm

[2] ttp://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-112560245.html

[3] ttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3430481.stm

[4] ttp://web.archive.org/web/20060519061120/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3430481.stm

[5] Smartest Animals^{[dead link‍]}

[6] ttp://www.projo.com/ri/hopkinton/content/JANE_GOODALL08_05-08-08_RJA2H78_v81.37330d1.html

[7] Alex & Me: How a Scientist and a Parrot Discovered a Hidden World of Animal Intelligence-and Formed a Deep Bond in the Process: Amazon.de: Irene Pepperberg: Englische Bücher

[8] Parrot Intelligence

[9] Society for Scientific Exploration | Journal of Scientific Exploration|Testing a Language-Using Parrot for Telepathy

[10] ttp://skepdic.com/nkisi.html

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 ==Accomplishments==
-According to news reports and websites,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/animals/newsid_3432000/3432133.stm]</ref><ref>[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-112560245.html]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3430481.stm]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20060519061120/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3430481.stm]</ref> as of January 2004 N'kisi had a vocabulary of about 950 words and used them in context, frequently in complete sentences, had approximated verb forms to maintain the correct tense (such as saying ''flied'' when not knowing the past tense of ''fly''), and did not depend on learned phrases to communicate his thoughts. N'kisi was shown as being supposedly capable of understanding photographic images, naming objects (within his vocabulary) appearing in a photo and inventing new terms for things he does not know words for by combining other words, like "pretty smell medicine" for aromatherapy oils. One anecdote recounted by the primatologist [[Jane Goodall]] says that, upon meeting her in person after seeing a photo of her, N'Kisi asked, "Got a chimp?"<ref>[http://www.usaweekend.com/04_issues/040222/040222smartanimals.html Smartest Animals]{{Dead link|date=March 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.projo.com/ri/hopkinton/content/JANE_GOODALL08_05-08-08_RJA2H78_v81.37330d1.html]</ref> It was claimed he demonstrated a possible sense of humor.
+According to news reports and websites,<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/animals/newsid_3432000/3432133.stm</ref><ref>http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-112560245.html</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3430481.stm</ref><ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20060519061120/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3430481.stm</ref> as of January 2004 N'kisi had a vocabulary of about 950 words and used them in context, frequently in complete sentences, had approximated verb forms to maintain the correct tense (such as saying ''flied'' when not knowing the past tense of ''fly''), and did not depend on learned phrases to communicate his thoughts. N'kisi was shown as being supposedly capable of understanding photographic images, naming objects (within his vocabulary) appearing in a photo and inventing new terms for things he does not know words for by combining other words, like "pretty smell medicine" for aromatherapy oils. One anecdote recounted by the primatologist [[Jane Goodall]] says that, upon meeting her in person after seeing a photo of her, N'Kisi asked, "Got a chimp?"<ref>[http://www.usaweekend.com/04_issues/040222/040222smartanimals.html Smartest Animals]{{Dead link|date=March 2010}}</ref><ref>http://www.projo.com/ri/hopkinton/content/JANE_GOODALL08_05-08-08_RJA2H78_v81.37330d1.html</ref> It was claimed he demonstrated a possible sense of humor.
 ==Controversy==
 There is controversy about whether parrots are capable of using language, or merely mimic what they hear. However, some scientific studies—for example those conducted over a 30-year period by [[Irene Pepperberg]] with an African grey named [[Alex (parrot)|Alex]] and other parrots, covered in stories on network television on numerous occasions<ref>[http://www.amazon.de/dp/0061672475 ''Alex & Me: How a Scientist and a Parrot Discovered a Hidden World of Animal Intelligence-and Formed a Deep Bond in the Process'': Amazon.de: Irene Pepperberg: Englische Bücher<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>—have suggested that these parrots are capable of using words meaningfully in linguistic tasks.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20071215082122/http://www.nserc.ca/news/features/parrot_e.htm Parrot Intelligence]</ref>
-N'kisi also took part in a published scientific study of [[Telepathy|telepathic]] abilities conducted by [[Rupert Sheldrake]] and the parrot's owner Aimee Morgana. The researchers who conducted the study claim the results present a statistically significant indication of ability, while the study<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080113161253/http://www.scientificexploration.org/jse/abstracts/v17n4a1.php Society for Scientific Exploration | Journal of Scientific Exploration|Testing a Language-Using Parrot for Telepathy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> has been criticized by skeptics.<ref>[http://skepdic.com/nkisi.html]</ref>
+N'kisi also took part in a published scientific study of [[Telepathy|telepathic]] abilities conducted by [[Rupert Sheldrake]] and the parrot's owner Aimee Morgana. The researchers who conducted the study claim the results present a statistically significant indication of ability, while the study<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080113161253/http://www.scientificexploration.org/jse/abstracts/v17n4a1.php Society for Scientific Exploration | Journal of Scientific Exploration|Testing a Language-Using Parrot for Telepathy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> has been criticized by skeptics.<ref>http://skepdic.com/nkisi.html</ref>
 ==See also==