Hammarstedtska skolan

Hammarstedtska skolan (Hammarstedt School), also known as Hammarstedtska flickpensionen (Hammarstedt Girl's Pension) and Hammarstedtska pensionen (Hammarstedt Pension) was a Swedish Girls' school, active for most of the 19th-century in Stockholm. It was regarded as one of the most exclusive of its kind in 19th-century Stockholm. The school was named after its principals, and therefore changed name several times: from the 1830s until 1881, it was therefore named as Bjurströmska pensionen (Bjurström Pension), Kockska pensionen (Kock Pension), Posseska pensionen (Posse Pension) and, finally, as Hammarstedtska pensionen (Hammarstedt Pension).

History

Bjurströmska pensionen

The school was founded by Augusta Bjurström and called Bjurströmska pensionen (Bjurström Pension) after her. It attracted clients from the upper classes and was regarded as the most prominent educational institution for females in Stockholm in the 1830s. As such it was a successor of the Johanna Lohm's school. It was the foremost competitor to Wallinska skolan, which was founded in 1831.

The school was a typical example of the contemporary conventional girl' school and was in actuality a finishing school focused on accomplishments. When Olof Fryxell was engaged as a teacher at the school, he left the school after a conflict with the student's parents, who opposed to him introducing the subject of human anatomy and the art of ice skating.

Among its students were Sophie Adlersparre, who was a pupil there in 1836-38, and Ebba Ramsay.

Kockska pensionen

In the 1840s, the Bjurströmska pensionen was taken over by Sophie Antoinette Kock from Germany, and called Kockska pensionen (Kock Pension) after her.

During the tenure of Kock, the school was renowned for its high quality in language education. At the time, languages was the foremost criteria for an educated woman, and Kock offered education in German, French and English, all offered by teachers from the respective countries in question. Kock employed university educated (male) teachers in most of the subjects.

The school was somewhat progressive for its time. No education was offered in needle work, which was otherwise a compulsory subject in schools for girls, and the education was considered of high quality for a girl school. However, the method was still merely education by listening, and no home work was given.

Posseska pensionen

In 1852, the Kockska pensionen was taken over by the unmarried noblewoman Sophia Posse, and called Posseska pensionen (Posse Pension) after her.

Sophia Posse was a student of Cecilia Fryxell, had been active as a teacher at the school of Fryxell and educated at government scholarship in Germany, were she studied the educational methods in Christiansfeld and the work of Amalia Sieweking in Hamburg. Posse was recommended for her passion for education and religion. Her school offered elementary subjects with focus on Christianity and language, and her methods was listening and practical use. She also employed university educated (male) teachers in most of the subjects.

Hammarstedtska skolan

In 1855, the Posseska pensionen was taken over by Frederique Hammarstedt, also a student of Cecilia Fryxell, and called Hammarstedtska pensionen (Hammarstedt Pension) after her.

During the tenure of Hammarstedt, the school was referred to as one of the most fashionable of its kind in 1860s Stockholm. It received about 100 students, many of them boarding students, from both Sweden and Finland. Still foremost a finishing school, it kept its good reputation in the subject of language, and continued to employ a majority of university educated (male) teachers. During the late 1850s, it offered three two years-classes with the subjects of religion, Swedish, German, French, English, geography, Swedish history, history, nature science, arithmetic, drawing, singing and gymnastics, many of them with highly respected teachers. The school was regarded as progressive for its kind: while all girl school offered a foreign language, they generally only offered French while Hammarstedt offered also German and English, its German language classes being particularly renowned under its teacher Johannes Rohtlieb. Further more, Hammarstedt introduced hygiene, that is to say gymnastics, already in the 1850s, which was, at the time, radical.

Nevertheless, the school was still characterized as a conventional girl school, with the goal to foster girls to ideal ladies, wives and mothers rather than to achieve academical goals. Frederique Hammarstedt was commended for her ability to create a homelike atmosphere at the school, and for her strict adherence to the state church during a time when the Free churchs spread rapidly, which concerned many conservatives.

In the 1870s, however, the school adjusted itself in accordance to the recommendations of the Girl School Committee of 1866 and the became an 8th class girl school as the Royal Normal School for Girls of the Royal Seminary, and thus transformed from a finishing school to a serious academic secondary educational girl school.

Frederique Hammarstedt closed the school in 1881, and as it was not taken over by any one else, the school was finally closed after about a half a century as the most fashionable school in Stockholm.

Among its famous students were the philanthropist Agda Montelius, the writer Gurli Linder and the artist Anna Billing.

References

• Idun. Nummer 35. 1892
• Fredrique Hammarstedts samling:på Stockholms stadsarkiv
• Ord och Bild / Trettiofjärde årgången. 1925
• Gudrun Spetze: Lärarnas historia. De enskilda skolorna under 1800-talet.
• Idun. Nummer 29. 1922
• Idun, nr 31, 1922
• Idun, nr 33, 1922
• Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år, 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013
• K Sophie Adlersparre (f. Leijonhuvud), urn:sbl:5564, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Sigrid Leijonhufvud.), hämtad 2015-06-20.
• Dagny, nr 3, 1888
• Idun nr 5, 1895
• Dagny nr 6, 1895
• Sophie Adlersparre (Esselde). Ett liv och en livsgärning / I
• Heckscher, Ebba, Några drag ur den svenska flickskolans historia: under fleres medverkan samlade, Norstedt & söner, Stockholm, 1914