Garrard & Blumfield: Difference between revisions
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Garrard worked in Paris building [[Gladiator Cycle Company|Gladiator]] motor tricycles in 1894-3. There he encountered [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard|Adolphe Clément]] of [[Clément Cycles]]. |
Garrard worked in Paris building [[Gladiator Cycle Company|Gladiator]] motor tricycles in 1894-3. There he encountered [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard|Adolphe Clément]] of [[Clément Cycles]]. |
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[[File:19010222 TMCJ Garrard motor set fitted to a bicycle.jpg|thumb|Garrard motor set installed on a bicycle 1902]] |
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Garrard was managing director of the [[Garrard (automobile)|Garrard Co.]] who built [[Clément-Garrard]] motorised cycles from 1902 to 1905 in Birmingham, Great Britain, under licence from Adolphe Clément's [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard#Motorised cycle manufacture|Clément-Gladiator]].<ref name="Yesterdays">[http://www.yesterdays.nl/clement-1903-p-864.html Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément]</ref><ref name="Graces Garrard">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Garrard_Manufacturing_Co Graces Guide – Garrard Manufacturing Company]</ref> |
Garrard was managing director of the [[Garrard (automobile)|Garrard Co.]] who built [[Clément-Garrard]] motorised cycles from 1902 to 1905 in Birmingham, Great Britain, under licence from Adolphe Clément's [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard#Motorised cycle manufacture|Clément-Gladiator]].<ref name="Yesterdays">[http://www.yesterdays.nl/clement-1903-p-864.html Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément]</ref><ref name="Graces Garrard">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Garrard_Manufacturing_Co Graces Guide – Garrard Manufacturing Company]</ref> |
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Revision as of 12:45, 8 September 2016
The Garrard & Blumfield or Blumfield & Garrard was an English electric car manufacturer from 1894 to 1896. The company is presumed to have been founded by C. R. Garrard and T. W. Blumfield.
The vehicles were built for them by Taylor, Cooper and Bednell of Coventry, were equipped with 4-inch pneumatic tyres and described as "neat and well-fitted".
In 1896 Garrard & Blumfield were subsumed into Harry J. Lawson's The Great Horseless Carriage Company.
T. W. Blumfield
Thomas Blumfield (born Southampton circa 1870) worked as a Cycle Examiner, Turner and Fitter. In 1891 he lodged at Brick Kiln Lane, Coventry with Isaac Woolgat, a Bicycle Polisher, and his family.[1]
In 1896 he worked for Humber Cycles in Coventry, and supervised the construction of the prototype of the first motorcycle which used an E. J. Pennington engine.[1]
C. R. Garrard
Charles Riley Garrard (1855–1955) was born in London.[2] He was a certified Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, (M.I.M.E.) and president of the Cycle Engineers' Institute.
Garrard constructed an electric carriage in 1893 in co-operation with T.W. Blomfield.[citation needed]
Garrard worked in Paris building Gladiator motor tricycles in 1894-3. There he encountered Adolphe Clément of Clément Cycles.
Garrard was managing director of the Garrard Co. who built Clément-Garrard motorised cycles from 1902 to 1905 in Birmingham, Great Britain, under licence from Adolphe Clément's Clément-Gladiator.[3][4]
In early 1904 Garrard showed a forecar tandem tricycle where the passenger sat between the front wheels and the driver sat behind. The water-cooled engine was rated at 4 hp and connected to the three-speed gearbox by a clutch. The final drive was by propeller shaft to the single rear wheel. It had leaf-spring front suspension and pivoted-fork at the rear. It was demonstrated at a hill-climb in 1904 but was not developed.[4]
Garrard superintended the erection of the Clément-Talbot Automobile Works in Ladbroke Grove, London, in 1903.[5][6]
In November 1905 he applied for a British Patent 24650 providing the address 12 St Charles Square, North Kensington[7] very close to the location of Clément-Talbot's works. He described himself in 1906 as works manager and motor-car chassis designer of Clément-Talbot Limited.[8] By 1922 he had moved to Sydenham SE26 and had two businesses, Duplex and General Bearings Co manufacturing ball-bearings and C R Garrard Limited motor and general engineers at Winchester Works in High Street Sydenham.[9]
Blumfield and Garrard
On 14 December 1893 and 31 March 1894, Blumfield and Garrard were granted a patent for 'Improvements in electric motor carriages'.[10][11]
On 27 July 1894 The Engineer (page 88) published details of an electric carriage with 4-inch pneumatic tyres that was built for them by 'Taylor, Cooper and Bednell' of Coventry and described as "neat and well-fitted". [12] Details of the vehicle were also published in The Cyclist of June 1894.[13]
Paris-Rouen 1894
In early 1894 they paid their 10 franc entry to the Le Petit Journal Competition for Horseless Carriages (Concours du 'Petit Journal' Les Voitures sans Chevaux) that was run from Paris to Rouen in France. They did not show up at the qualification events in July 1894.
Demise
In 1896 'Blumfield and Garrard' were subsumed into Harry J. Lawson's 'Great Horseless Carriage Co' whose objective was to gather the patent rights held by Daimler, de Dion-Bouton, Bollee, Kane-Pennington, Garrard and Blumfield, Serpollet systems and British Motor Syndicate.[11][14]
Garrard Manufacturing Company Limited
Garrard Manufacturing Company of Magneto Works, Ryland Street, Birmingham announced in February 1902 their complete motor sets suitable for fitting to existing strong roadster bicycles. The complete set was said to weigh 25 lb (11 kg) to 30 lb (14 kg), the motor alone 15.5 lb (7.0 kg). It was reported to develop 1 horsepower at 1,900 revolutions per minute. Particular features reported were: an external flywheel, a special method of opening the valves, a compression cock and a contact-maker or "points" made of a notched cam and a trembler. A platinum screw is pressed to the back of the trembler.[15]
See also
- Garrard (automobile)
- Clément-Garrard automobile
- James Lansdowne Norton
- List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom
References
- ^ a b Graces Guide – British Industrial History – T.W. Blumfield
- ^ FreeBMD
- ^ Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément
- ^ a b Graces Guide – Garrard Manufacturing Company
- ^ Graces Guide – British Industrial History – C. R. Garrard
- ^ Motoring Annual and Motorist's Year Book 1904
- ^ British Patent Specifications, The Auto-Motor Journal, October 27 1906
- ^ Clement Talbot Limited v. Wilson and Another. The Illustrated Official Journal (Patents), page 468, June 23 1909
- ^ The Motor Transport Year Book and Directoryvolume 6, 1921-1922
- ^ The Times, Thursday, 21 May 1896
- ^ a b Graces Guide – British Industrial History – Blumfield and Garrard
- ^ The Engineer 27 July 1894 (page 88)
- ^ The Cyclist June 1894
- ^ The Pall Mall Gazette 19 May 1896
- ^ Here and There. page 920, The Motor-Car Journal, Saturday February 22 1902
David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles