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Template:Geobox The Chemung River (/ʃəˈmʌŋ/ shə-MUNG) is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately 46.4 miles (74.7 km) long,^[1] in south central New York and northern Pennsylvania in the United States. It drains a mountainous region of the northern Allegheny Plateau in the Southern Tier of New York. The valley of the river has long been an important manufacturing center in the region but has suffered a decline in the late 20th century.

Description

The Chemung River is formed near Painted Post in Steuben County, just west of Corning by the confluence of the Tioga River and Cohocton rivers. It flows generally east-southeast through Corning, Big Flats, Elmira, and Waverly. It crosses into northern Pennsylvania before joining the Susquehanna River approximately 2 miles (3 km) south of Sayre.

The name of the river comes from an Lenape word meaning "at the horn"^[2] or "big horn",^[3] possibly dating from the discovery of large mammoth tusks in the river bed.^[4]

Most of the valley is cut into Devonian age shale, sandstone, and limestone. The hilltops are rounded by glaciation. The tributaries, particularly the Cohocton River, have captured some of the former Genesee River drainage, due to terminal moraines that filled some valley areas and diverted streams.

New York State Route 17 follows the valley of the river for much of its course.

History

The area near the river's referred to as Concanoga, or the land of three rivers, by the Seneca who lived in the area. In colonial times the river valley was a major trade route through the hill country of western New York, first for the Iroquois and other Native Americans, and later for the European settlers.

In 1779 during the Revolutionary War, American troops of the Sullivan Expedition defeated a combined force of Iroquois, Tories and British at the Battle of Newtown along the river southeast of Elmira.^[5] The victory opened the way for Sullivan to systematically destroy Iroquois villages and settlements throughout their homeland of central and western New York.^[6]

The construction of the Chemung Canal which was completed in 1833 between the Chemung and the southern end of Seneca Lake allowed the shipment of Pennsylvania anthracite coal, lumber and agricultural products to the Erie Canal system, leading to the growth of Elmira as a regional center of manufacturing.^[7] The canals were rendered obsolete by the coming of the railroads in the late 1840s and 1850s. The community of Corning is renowned as the site of Corning Incorporated, formerly the Corning Glassworks.

In the later 20th century the valley, along with the rest of the Rust Belt, suffered economic decline with industrial restructuring, the loss of jobs to other regions and countries, and changes in the economy. Although the river is no longer used for regular transportation, it has become a popular destination for recreational canoeing and fly fishing, in particular for smallmouth and largemouth bass, trout, rock bass, sunfish, bluegill, and carp.

Floods

The river has had periodic heavy flooding throughout its recorded history. In June 1972 the remnants of Hurricane Agnes stalled over the New York-Pennsylvania border, dropping up to 20 inches (510 mm) of rain into the Chemung Valley, which was among the areas worst hit by the resultant flooding.^[8] The flooding left widespread areas of the communities of Corning, Big Flats, and Elmira under water and destroyed many bridges.

Elmira lost three of the four downtown road bridges that existed at the time (Madison, Main and Walnut streets) as well as the Erie Railroad bridge. The Lake Street bridge was the only bridge not damaged by the flood and was reopened to traffic. Since it was the only bridge, a "Red Ball Express" was created that allowed only one lane of traffic in each direction across the bridge. This created a traffic nightmare that was relieved when temporary repairs were done on the Madison Avenue bridge, which allowed it to be reopened to traffic. Lake Street bridge was made southbound only, and Madison Avenue bridge was made northbound only.

Upstream, Fitch's Bridge in West Elmira was washed out. Downstream, the Lowman Crossover and White Wagon bridges were washed out. The White Wagon bridge, near what is now the Wilawana exit of the Southern Tier Expressway, was never rebuilt, leaving Chemung County Route 56 split into two sections and resulting in the creation of the aforementioned Wilawana exit, to allow traffic to access the now cut-off portion of CR-56.

References

^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed August 8, 2011
^ http://www.talk-lenape.org/search.php?q=horn&search_type=entry&x=0&y=0&ls=english
^ Beauchamp, William Martin (1907). Aboriginal Place Names of New York (New York State Museum Bulletin, Volume 108). New York State Education Department. p. 206. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ Pfiffer, Jim. "The Chemung River Connects Us". Discover New York State. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
^ "This Day in History: Battle of Chemung, or Newtown, New York". History.com. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
^ Williams, Glenn F. "The Battle of Newtown, 29 August 1779". Revolutionary War Archives. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
^ Janowski, Diane. "History: Early accounts paint picture of Chemung Canal". Star Gazette Newspaper. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
^ Seely, Hart (2012-06-16). "Hurricane Agnes still stirs up a flood of memories". Syracuse.com. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

External links

[NHD-1] U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed August 8, 2011

[2] ttp://www.talk-lenape.org/search.php?q=horn&search_type=entry&x=0&y=0&ls=english

[Beauchamp_1907-3] Beauchamp, William Martin (1907). Aboriginal Place Names of New York (New York State Museum Bulletin, Volume 108). New York State Education Department. p. 206. Retrieved September 10, 2016.

[4] Pfiffer, Jim. "The Chemung River Connects Us". Discover New York State. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

[5] "This Day in History: Battle of Chemung, or Newtown, New York". History.com. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

[6] Williams, Glenn F. "The Battle of Newtown, 29 August 1779". Revolutionary War Archives. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

[7] Janowski, Diane. "History: Early accounts paint picture of Chemung Canal". Star Gazette Newspaper. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

[8] Seely, Hart (2012-06-16). "Hurricane Agnes still stirs up a flood of memories". Syracuse.com. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

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@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 | map_caption                 =
 }}
-The '''Chemung River''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|ə|ˈ|m|ʌ|ŋ}} {{respell|shə|MUNG|'}}) is a [[tributary]] of the [[Susquehanna River]], approximately {{convert|46.4|mi}} long,<ref name=NHD>U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map], accessed August 8, 2011</ref> in south central [[New York (state)|New York]] and northern [[Pennsylvania]] in the [[United States]]. It drains a mountainous region of the northern [[Allegheny Plateau]] in the [[Southern Tier]] of New York. The valley of the river has long been an important manufacturing center in the region but has suffered a decline in the late 20th century.
+The '''Chemung River''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|ə|ˈ|m|ʌ|ŋ}} {{respell|shə|MUNG|'}}) is a [[tributary]] of the [[Susquehanna River]], approximately {{convert|46.4|mi}} long,<ref name=NHD>U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map], accessed August 8, 2011</ref> in south central [[New York (state)|New York]] and northern [[Pennsylvania]] in the United States. It drains a mountainous region of the northern [[Allegheny Plateau]] in the [[Southern Tier]] of New York. The valley of the river has long been an important manufacturing center in the region but has suffered a decline in the late 20th century.
 ==Description==
@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 The Chemung River is formed near [[Painted Post, New York|Painted Post]] in [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben County]], just west of [[Corning (city), New York|Corning]] by the confluence of the [[Tioga River (Chemung River)|Tioga River]] and [[Cohocton River|Cohocton]] rivers. It flows generally east-southeast through Corning, [[Big Flats (town), New York|Big Flats]], [[Elmira, New York|Elmira]], and [[Waverly, Tioga County, New York|Waverly]]. It crosses into northern [[Pennsylvania]] before joining the [[Susquehanna River]] approximately {{convert|2|mi|0}} south of [[Sayre, Pennsylvania|Sayre]].
-The name of the river comes from an [[Lenape language|Lenape]] word meaning "at the horn,"<ref>http://www.talk-lenape.org/search.php?q=horn&search_type=entry&x=0&y=0&ls=english</ref> possibly dating from the discovery of large [[mammoth]] tusks in the river bed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discovernys.com/post.php?pid=4 |title=The Chemung River Connects Us |last=Pfiffer |first=Jim |publisher=Discover New York State |accessdate=2015-07-17 }}</ref>
+The name of the river comes from an [[Lenape language|Lenape]] word meaning "at the horn"<ref>http://www.talk-lenape.org/search.php?q=horn&search_type=entry&x=0&y=0&ls=english</ref> or "big horn",<ref name=Beauchamp_1907>{{cite book |last1=Beauchamp |first1=William Martin |title=Aboriginal Place Names of New York (New York State Museum Bulletin, Volume 108) |date=1907 |publisher=New York State Education Department |page=206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBQTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA206 |accessdate=September 10, 2016}}</ref> possibly dating from the discovery of large [[mammoth]] tusks in the river bed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discovernys.com/post.php?pid=4 |title=The Chemung River Connects Us |last=Pfiffer |first=Jim |publisher=Discover New York State |accessdate=2015-07-17 }}</ref>
 Most of the valley is cut into [[Devonian]] age [[shale]], [[sandstone]], and [[limestone]]. The hilltops are rounded by [[Ice age|glaciation]]. The tributaries, particularly the Cohocton River, have captured some of the former [[Genesee River]] drainage, due to [[terminal moraine]]s that filled some valley areas and diverted streams.
+[[New York State Route 17]] follows the valley of the river for much of its course.
 ==History==
-In colonial times the river valley was a major trade route through the hill country of western New York, first for the [[Iroquois Confederacy|Iroquois]] and other [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], and later for the [[Europe]]an settlers.
+The area near the river's referred to as ''Concanoga'', or the land of three rivers, by the Seneca who lived in the area. In colonial times the river valley was a major trade route through the hill country of western New York, first for the [[Iroquois Confederacy|Iroquois]] and other [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], and later for the European settlers.
 In 1779 during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], American troops of the [[Sullivan Expedition]] defeated a combined force of Iroquois, [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Tories]] and British at the [[Battle of Newtown]] along the river southeast of Elmira.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-chemung-or-newtown-new-york |title=This Day in History: Battle of Chemung, or Newtown, New York |publisher=History.com |accessdate=2015-07-17 }}</ref> The victory opened the way for Sullivan to systematically destroy Iroquois villages and settlements throughout their homeland of central and western New York.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/battles-link/58-the-battle-of-newtown-29-august-1779 |title=The Battle of Newtown, 29 August 1779 |last=Williams |first=Glenn F. |publisher=Revolutionary War Archives |accessdate=2015-07-17 }}</ref>
@@ Line 103: / Line 105: @@
 The construction of the [[Chemung Canal]] which was completed in 1833 between the Chemung and the southern end of [[Seneca Lake (New York)|Seneca Lake]] allowed the shipment of Pennsylvania [[anthracite]] [[coal]], [[lumber]] and [[agriculture|agricultural]] products to the [[Erie Canal]] system, leading to the growth of Elmira as a regional center of [[manufacturing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stargazette.com/story/news/local/2015/05/27/elmira-history-chemung-canal/28008477/ |title=History: Early accounts paint picture of Chemung Canal |last=Janowski |first=Diane |publisher=Star Gazette Newspaper|accessdate=2015-07-17 }}</ref> The canals were rendered obsolete by the coming of the [[railroad]]s in the late 1840s and 1850s. The community of Corning is renowned as the site of [[Corning Incorporated]], formerly the Corning Glassworks.
-In the later 20th century the valley, along with the rest of the [[Rust Belt]], suffered economic decline with industrial restructuring, the loss of jobs to other regions and countries, and changes in the economy.  Although the river is no longer used for regular transportation, it has become a popular destination for recreational [[canoe]]ing and [[fly fishing]], in particular for [[smallmouth bass|smallmouth]] and [[largemouth bass]], [[trout]], [[rock bass]], [[Centrarchidae|sunfish]], [[bluegill]], and [[carp]].
+In the later 20th century the valley, along with the rest of the [[Rust Belt]], suffered economic decline with industrial restructuring, the loss of jobs to other regions and countries, and changes in the economy.  Although the river is no longer used for regular transportation, it has become a popular destination for recreational canoeing and [[fly fishing]], in particular for [[smallmouth bass|smallmouth]] and [[largemouth bass]], [[trout]], [[rock bass]], [[Centrarchidae|sunfish]], [[bluegill]], and [[carp]].
+===Floods===
-[[New York State Route 17]] follows the valley of the river for much of its course.
-The river has had periodic heavy [[flood]]ing throughout its recorded history. In June 1972 the remnants of [[Hurricane Agnes]] stalled over the New York-Pennsylvania border, dropping up to {{convert|20|in}} of rain into the Chemung Valley, which was among the areas worst hit by the resultant flooding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2012/06/hurricane_agnes_still_stirs_up.html |title=Hurricane Agnes still stirs up a flood of memories |last=Seely |first=Hart |date=2012-06-16 |publisher=Syracuse.com |accessdate=2015-07-17 }}</ref> The flooding left widespread areas of the communities of Corning, Big Flats, and Elmira under water and destroyed many bridges.
+The river has had periodic heavy flooding throughout its recorded history. In June 1972 the remnants of [[Hurricane Agnes]] stalled over the New York-Pennsylvania border, dropping up to {{convert|20|in}} of rain into the Chemung Valley, which was among the areas worst hit by the resultant flooding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2012/06/hurricane_agnes_still_stirs_up.html |title=Hurricane Agnes still stirs up a flood of memories |last=Seely |first=Hart |date=2012-06-16 |publisher=Syracuse.com |accessdate=2015-07-17 }}</ref> The flooding left widespread areas of the communities of Corning, Big Flats, and Elmira under water and destroyed many bridges.
 Elmira lost three of the four downtown road bridges that existed at the time (Madison, Main and Walnut streets) as well as the [[Erie Railroad]] bridge. The Lake Street bridge was the only bridge not damaged by the flood and was reopened to traffic. Since it was the only bridge, a "Red Ball Express" was created that allowed only one lane of traffic in each direction across the bridge. This created a traffic nightmare that was relieved when temporary repairs were done on the Madison Avenue bridge, which allowed it to be reopened to traffic. Lake Street bridge was made southbound only, and Madison Avenue bridge was made northbound only.
 Upstream, Fitch's Bridge in West Elmira was washed out. Downstream, the Lowman Crossover and White Wagon bridges were washed out. The White Wagon bridge, near what is now the [[Wilawana, Pennsylvania|Wilawana]] exit of the [[Southern Tier Expressway]], was never rebuilt, leaving Chemung County Route 56 split into two sections and resulting in the creation of the aforementioned Wilawana exit, to allow traffic to access the now cut-off portion of CR-56.
-The Chemung River begins near Painted Post, New York, by the convergence of the [[Cohocton River|Cohocton]], Canisteo and Tioga rivers. The area was referred to as ''Concanoga'', or the land of three rivers, by the Seneca who lived in the area.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
 {{commons category}}
 *[http://www.chemungvalleymuseum.org/ Chemung Valley History Museum]
-*[http://www.mizar5.com/cvlh/hist_cv.htm History of the Chemung Valley]
 *[http://www.history.rochester.edu/canal/bib/whitford/1906/Chron05.html Chemung Canal Chronology]
-*[http://www.chemungrivertrail.com  Chemung Basin River Trail]
+*[http://www.chemungriverfriends.org/ Friends of the Chemung River Watershed]
 *[http://nyheritage.nnyln.net/cdm4/results.php?CISORESTMP=results.php&CISOVIEWTMP=item_viewer.php&CISOMODE=grid&CISOGRID=thumbnail,A,1;title,A,1;creato,A,0;descri,200,0;none,A,0;20;relevancy,none,none,none,none&CISOBIB=title,A,1,N;creato,A,0,N;descri,200,0,N;none,A,0,N;none,A,0,N;20;relevancy,none,none,none,none&CISOTHUMB=20%20%284x5%29;relevancy,none,none,none,none&CISOTITLE=20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOHIERA=20;creato,title,none,none,none&CISOSUPPRESS=0&CISOTYPE=link&CISOOP1=all&CISOFIELD1=audien&CISOBOX1=Floods+of+Chemung+County&CISOOP2=all&CISOFIELD2=creato&CISOBOX2=&CISOOP3=all&CISOFIELD3=descri&CISOBOX3=&CISOOP4=all&CISOFIELD4=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOBOX4=&c=all&CISOROOT=%2Fp15085coll7 Floods of Chemung County on New York Heritage]