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'''Ansud''' (also read as '''Ianupu''', '''Yanup''', '''Anubu''', '''Gansud''', '''Anusu''' and '''Hanusum'''),<ref name="jokl">{{cite web |url=http://www.academia.edu/619545/Davide_Nadali_2007_Monuments_of_war_war_of_monuments_Some_considerations_on_commemorating_war_in_the_Third_Millennium_BC|title= Monuments of War, War of Monuments: Some Considerations on Commemorating War in the Third Millennium BC. Orientalia Vol.76/4|page= 354|publisher= Davide Nadali|date=2007 |accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC&pg=PA463#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus|author1=Joan Aruz |author2=Ronald Wallenfels |page= 463|year= 2003}}</ref><ref name="eblai2">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Eblaitica vol.4|author1=Cyrus Herzl Gordon |author2=Gary Rendsburg |author3=Nathan H. Winter |page= 57|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=ZzEpAQAAIAAJ&q|title=Archiv Orientální, Volume 37|author=Nakl. Ceskoslovenské akademie věd|language= fr|page= 623|year=1969}}</ref><ref name="eblai">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Eblaitica vol.4|author1=Cyrus Herzl Gordon |author2=Gary Rendsburg |author3=Nathan H. Winter |page= 58|year=2002}}</ref> was an early king ([[Lugal]]) of the second [[Mari, Syria#The second kingdom|Mariote kingdom]] who reigned c. 2423-2416 BC.<ref name="Hamblin">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&pg=PT242#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC|author= William J. Hamblin|page= 242|year=2006}}</ref> Ansud is known for warring against the [[Ebla]]ites from a letter written by the later Mariote king [[Enna-Dagan]].
'''Ansud''' (also read as '''Ianupu''', '''Yanup''', '''Anubu''', '''Gansud''', '''Anusu''' and '''Hanusum'''),<ref name="jokl">{{cite web |url=http://www.academia.edu/619545/Davide_Nadali_2007_Monuments_of_war_war_of_monuments_Some_considerations_on_commemorating_war_in_the_Third_Millennium_BC|title= Monuments of War, War of Monuments: Some Considerations on Commemorating War in the Third Millennium BC. Orientalia Vol.76/4|page= 354|publisher= Davide Nadali|date=2007 |accessdate=24 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC&pg=PA463#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus|author1=Joan Aruz |author2=Ronald Wallenfels |page= 463|year= 2003}}</ref><ref name="eblai2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Eblaitica vol.4|author1=Cyrus Herzl Gordon |author2=Gary Rendsburg |author3=Nathan H. Winter |page= 57|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzEpAQAAIAAJ&q|title=Archiv Orientální, Volume 37|author=Nakl. Ceskoslovenské akademie věd|language= fr|page= 623|year=1969}}</ref><ref name="eblai">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rwals-oh6kC&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Eblaitica vol.4|author1=Cyrus Herzl Gordon |author2=Gary Rendsburg |author3=Nathan H. Winter |page= 58|year=2002}}</ref> was an early king ([[Lugal]]) of the second [[Mari, Syria#The second kingdom|Mariote kingdom]] who reigned c. 2423-2416 BC.<ref name="Hamblin">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&pg=PT242#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC|author= William J. Hamblin|page= 242|year=2006}}</ref> Ansud is known for warring against the [[Ebla]]ites from a letter written by the later Mariote king [[Enna-Dagan]].


==Reign==
==Reign==

===Identity===
===Identity===
A jar discovered at Mari, sent as a gift by [[Mesannepada]] of [[Ur]], recorded the name of king "Hanusum" (Gansud) of Mari.<ref name="maro">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy|author= Mario Liverani|page= 117|year= 2013}}</ref> The letter of Enna-Dagan is extremely difficult to read,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=agi4O1c3UhQC&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1|author1=Martha A. Morrison |author2=David I. Owen |page= 12|year=1987}}</ref> and the word "Sa'umu" appeared in three passages of it.<ref name="eblai2" /> In the second and third passages, the word referred to Ansud's successor Sa'umu.<ref name="eblai2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT761#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC)|author=Douglas Frayne|page= 761|year=2008}}</ref> However, in the first passage, "Sa'umu" was read as a verb by [[Giovanni Pettinato]], who later read it as (Anudu).<ref name="eblai2" /> [[Alfonso Archi]], recognized that this verb is a personal name of a monarch and read it as Anubu (motivated by the [[Sumerian King List]] which record a dynasty of Mari and king Anbu as the first monarch of the dynasty).<ref name="eblai2" /> However, the discovery of an intact (SKL) with the names of Mari's dynasty bearing no resemblance to second kingdom monarchs, eliminated the need for Archi's identification.<ref name="eblai2" /> According to [[Michael Astour]], the name is Anusu (Ansud) and must be correlated with king Hanusum.<ref name="eblai" />
A jar discovered at Mari, sent as a gift by [[Mesannepada]] of [[Ur]], recorded the name of king "Hanusum" (Gansud) of Mari.<ref name="maro">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0d1JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA117#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy|author= Mario Liverani|page= 117|year= 2013}}</ref> The letter of Enna-Dagan is extremely difficult to read,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agi4O1c3UhQC&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1|author1=Martha A. Morrison |author2=David I. Owen |page= 12|year=1987}}</ref> and the word "Sa'umu" appeared in three passages of it.<ref name="eblai2" /> In the second and third passages, the word referred to Ansud's successor Sa'umu.<ref name="eblai2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PNAnIome3AC&pg=PT761#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC)|author=Douglas Frayne|page= 761|year=2008}}</ref> However, in the first passage, "Sa'umu" was read as a verb by [[Giovanni Pettinato]], who later read it as (Anudu).<ref name="eblai2" /> [[Alfonso Archi]], recognized that this verb is a personal name of a monarch and read it as Anubu (motivated by the [[Sumerian King List]] which record a dynasty of Mari and king Anbu as the first monarch of the dynasty).<ref name="eblai2" /> However, the discovery of an intact (SKL) with the names of Mari's dynasty bearing no resemblance to second kingdom monarchs, eliminated the need for Archi's identification.<ref name="eblai2" /> According to [[Michael Astour]], the name is Anusu (Ansud) and must be correlated with king Hanusum.<ref name="eblai" />


===Campaigns===
===Campaigns===
In the letter Ansud is recorded defeating the Eblaite vassal cities of [[Aburu]], [[Ilgi, Syria|Ilgi]] and [[Belan, Syria|Belan]].{{#tag:ref|Belan is located 26 km west of [[Ar-Raqqah]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=C5ddTkXWxEMC&pg=PA233#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= The World of the Aramaeans: Studies in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion, Volume 1|author1=P.M. Michèle Daviau |author2=Michael Weigl |author3=John W. Wevers |page= 233|year=2001}}</ref>|group=note}}<ref name="jokl" /> The king is also mentioned leaving ruins in the mountains of Labanan,<ref name="jokl" /> which were identified by Pettinato with [[Lebanon]].<ref name="jokl45">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.nl/books?ei&id=HcZtAAAAMAAJ&dq|title= Eblaitica vol.3|author1=Cyrus Herzl Gordon |author2=Gary Rendsburg |page= 29|year=1992}}</ref> However, this identification was ruled as geographically impossible by Astour.<ref name="jokl45" />
In the letter Ansud is recorded defeating the Eblaite vassal cities of [[Aburu]], [[Ilgi, Syria|Ilgi]] and [[Belan, Syria|Belan]].{{#tag:ref|Belan is located 26 km west of [[Ar-Raqqah]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5ddTkXWxEMC&pg=PA233#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= The World of the Aramaeans: Studies in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion, Volume 1|author1=P.M. Michèle Daviau |author2=Michael Weigl |author3=John W. Wevers |page= 233|year=2001}}</ref>|group=note}}<ref name="jokl" /> The king is also mentioned leaving ruins in the mountains of Labanan,<ref name="jokl" /> which were identified by Pettinato with [[Lebanon]].<ref name="jokl45">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei&id=HcZtAAAAMAAJ&dq|title= Eblaitica vol.3|author1=Cyrus Herzl Gordon |author2=Gary Rendsburg |page= 29|year=1992}}</ref> However, this identification was ruled as geographically impossible by Astour.<ref name="jokl45" />


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Revision as of 00:01, 30 September 2016

Ansud
King of Mari
Reignc. 2423-2416 BC. Middle chronology
PredecessorIkun-Shamagan
SuccessorSaʿumu
King of Mari

Ansud (also read as Ianupu, Yanup, Anubu, Gansud, Anusu and Hanusum),[1][2][3][4][5] was an early king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2423-2416 BC.[6] Ansud is known for warring against the Eblaites from a letter written by the later Mariote king Enna-Dagan.

Reign

Identity

A jar discovered at Mari, sent as a gift by Mesannepada of Ur, recorded the name of king "Hanusum" (Gansud) of Mari.[7] The letter of Enna-Dagan is extremely difficult to read,[8] and the word "Sa'umu" appeared in three passages of it.[3] In the second and third passages, the word referred to Ansud's successor Sa'umu.[3][9] However, in the first passage, "Sa'umu" was read as a verb by Giovanni Pettinato, who later read it as (Anudu).[3] Alfonso Archi, recognized that this verb is a personal name of a monarch and read it as Anubu (motivated by the Sumerian King List which record a dynasty of Mari and king Anbu as the first monarch of the dynasty).[3] However, the discovery of an intact (SKL) with the names of Mari's dynasty bearing no resemblance to second kingdom monarchs, eliminated the need for Archi's identification.[3] According to Michael Astour, the name is Anusu (Ansud) and must be correlated with king Hanusum.[5]

Campaigns

In the letter Ansud is recorded defeating the Eblaite vassal cities of Aburu, Ilgi and Belan.[note 1][1] The king is also mentioned leaving ruins in the mountains of Labanan,[1] which were identified by Pettinato with Lebanon.[11] However, this identification was ruled as geographically impossible by Astour.[11]

King Ansud of Mari
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Mari
2423-2416 BC 		Succeeded by

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Belan is located 26 km west of Ar-Raqqah.[10]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c "Monuments of War, War of Monuments: Some Considerations on Commemorating War in the Third Millennium BC. Orientalia Vol.76/4". Davide Nadali. 2007. p. 354. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  2. ^ Joan Aruz; Ronald Wallenfels (2003). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. p. 463.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 57.
  4. ^ Nakl. Ceskoslovenské akademie věd (1969). Archiv Orientální, Volume 37 (in French). p. 623.
  5. ^ a b Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 58.
  6. ^ William J. Hamblin (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. p. 242.
  7. ^ Mario Liverani (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. p. 117.
  8. ^ Martha A. Morrison; David I. Owen (1987). General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1. p. 12.
  9. ^ Douglas Frayne (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC). p. 761.
  10. ^ P.M. Michèle Daviau; Michael Weigl; John W. Wevers (2001). The World of the Aramaeans: Studies in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion, Volume 1. p. 233.
  11. ^ a b Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg (1992). Eblaitica vol.3. p. 29.
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