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==References== |
==References== |
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* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ |
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&dq=Gukansho&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/future-and-the-past-a-transl-and-study-of-the-gukansho-an-interpretative-history-of-japan-written-in-1219/oclc/251325323 OCLC 251325323] |
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* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [ |
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128] |
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* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1963). ''The Vicissitudes of Shinto.'' Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|186605327}} |
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1963). ''The Vicissitudes of Shinto.'' Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|186605327}} |
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* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [ |
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/nipon-o-dai-itsi-ran-ou-annales-des-empereurs-du-japon/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691] |
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* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. ISBN 9780231049405; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/chronicle-of-gods-and-sovereigns-jinno-shotoki-of-kitabatake-chikafusa/oclc/6042764&referer=brief_results OCLC 6042764] |
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. ISBN 9780231049405; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/chronicle-of-gods-and-sovereigns-jinno-shotoki-of-kitabatake-chikafusa/oclc/6042764&referer=brief_results OCLC 6042764] |
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Revision as of 03:43, 3 October 2016
| Part of a series on the |
| History of Japan |
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Hōki (宝亀) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Jingo-keiun and before Ten'ō. This period spanned the years from October 770 through January 781.[1] The reigning emperor was Kōnin-tennō (光仁天皇).[2]
Change of era
- 770 Hōki gannen (宝亀元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Jingo-keiun 4, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 770.[3]
Events of the Hōki era
- October 23, 770 (Hōki 1, 1st day of the 10th month): The era name was changed to mark the beginning of Emperor Konin's reign.[3]
- 778 (Hōki 9): The emperor granted Kashima-jinja a divine seal for use on documents.[4]
- August 28, 779 (Hōki 10, 7th month): Fujiwara no Momokawa died at age 48.[5]
- 781 (Hōki 12, 4th month ): The emperor abdicated in favor of his son, who would later come to be known as Emperor Kammu. Emperor Kōnin's reign had lasted for 11 years.[3]
- 781 (Hōki 12, 12th month): Kōnin died at the age of 73.[6]
Notes
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hōki" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 343, p. 343, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File[permanent dead link].
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 81-85., p. 81, at Google Books; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 276-277; Varley, H. Paul. Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 147-148.
- ^ a b c Brown, p. 277.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1963) The Vicissitudes of Shinto, p. 206.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 84., p. 84, at Google Books
- ^ Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 148.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1963). The Vicissitudes of Shinto. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 186605327
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764
External links
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection