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DEATH TO CINAVIA!!!

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+DEATH TO CINAVIA!!!
-{{Multiple issues|
-{{cleanup-reorganize|date=May 2012}}
-{{refimprove|date=May 2012}}
-{{primary sources|date=May 2012}}
-}}
-{{use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}
-{{Infobox encryption method
-|name           = Cinavia (VCMS/AV)
-|image          = [[File:Cinavialogo.gif]]
-|designers      = Verance
-|publish date   = 1999; 2003; 2009
-|series         = VCMS
-|derived from   = VCMS/A
-|related to     = [[Advanced Access Content System|AACS]]; [[Secure Digital Music Initiative|SDMI]]
-|certification  = [[AACS LA]]
-|key size       = 82-bit embedding keyset,<ref name="patent-355"/>{{rp|5}} larger extraction keyset;<ref name="patent-355">{{cite patent|status=application|country=US|number=2010111355|pubdate=2010-05-06|invent1=Petrovic, Rade|invent2=Tehranchi, Babak|invent3=Winograd, Joseph M.|invent4=Jemili, Kanaan|assign1=Verance Corporation|title=Methods and Apparatus for Enhancing the Robustness of Watermark Extraction from Digital Host Content|fdate=2009-09-25}}</ref>{{rp|7}} recovery by fuzzy [[cross-correlation]];
-|block size     = 15 seconds
-|security claim = Robust against +/-10% speed variation; Wow and flutter; 6→2→1 downmixing;<ref name="cptwg-ardg"/>{{rp|4}}<br/>Transparency to "golden ears"; 36 dB [[Signal to noise ratio|SNR]].<ref name="cptwg-ardg"/>{{rp|4}}
-|state size     =
-|structure      = Single-channel [[hearing range]] stenographic watermark
-|rounds         = multi-dimension: time offset, algorithm choice, frequency shift, pseudo-random number sequence, frequency band<ref name="patent-355"/>{{rp|5,33}}
-|speed          = 20 MIPS (2-channel, 48&nbsp;kHz, 16-bit)<ref name="cptwg-ardg">{{cite web|url=http://www.cptwg.org/Assets/Presentations/Verance_%20Pres-ARDG-4-10-03.pps|title=Verance Copy Management System: Presentation to CPTWG ARDG|date=10 April 2003|accessdate=4 September 2012}}</ref>{{rp|4}}
-|cryptanalysis  = Survives psychoacoustic compression models (MP3/Vorbis) and non-destructive audio transformations and filtering
-}}
-'''Cinavia''', originally called '''Verance Copy Management System for Audiovisual Content''' ('''VCMS/AV'''),<ref name="verance-milestones">{{cite web|url=http://www.verance.com/company/milestones.php|title=Verance Milestones|work=Verance website|accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref> is an analog [[watermark]]ing and [[steganography]] system under development by [[Verance]] since 1999, and released in 2010. In conjunction with the existing [[Advanced Access Content System]] (AACS) [[digital rights management]] (DRM) inclusion of Cinavia watermarking detection support became mandatory for all consumer [[Blu-ray Disc]] players from 2012.
-The watermarking and steganography facility provided by Cinavia is designed to stay within the audio signal and to survive all common forms of audio transfer, including [[lossy compression|lossy data compression]] using [[discrete cosine transform]], [[MP3]], [[DTS (sound system)|DTS]], or Ogg [[Vorbis]]. It is designed to survive [[comparison of analog and digital recording|digital and analogue]] [[sound recording and reproduction]] via microphones, direct [[audio and video connector|audio connection]]s and [[broadcasting]], and does so by using [[audio frequency|audio frequencies]] within the [[hearing range]]. It is [[monaural]] and not a [[multichannel code]]c.
-Cinavia's [[in-band signaling]] introduces intentional [[spread spectrum]] [[phase distortion]] in the [[frequency domain]] of each individual audio channel separately, giving a per-channel digital signal that can yield up to around 0.2&nbsp;bits per second<ref>Note: Cinavia's experimental patents make reference to up to 20 [[kilobit|kilobits per second]], but with high psychoacoustic perceptibility. The Cinavia [[de facto standard]] as implemented in the Blu-ray Disc standards uses 3 bits per 15 seconds.</ref>—depending on the [[quantization (signal processing)|quantization]] level available, and the desired [[trade-off]] between the required [[robustness (computer science)|robustness]] and acceptable levels of [[psychoacoustics|psychoacoustic]] [[Digital watermarking#Perceptibility|perceptibility]]. It is intended to survive analogue [[distortion]]s such as the [[wow (recording)|wow and flutter]] and [[amplitude modulation]] from [[magnetic tape sound recording]]. On [[wikt:playback|playback]], no additional [[audio filter]]s are used to cover up the distortions and [[discontinuity (mathematics)|discontinuities]] introduced.
-The signal survives [[temporal masking]] and [[sub-band coding]] by operating on the [[fundamental frequency]] and its [[subharmonic]] [[overtone]]s, and by dealigning the phase relationship between the strongest signal and its subharmonics. Each phase discontinuity introduced by the encoder will result in a corresponding pulse of [[wideband]] [[white noise]], so a further range of additional distortions are introduced as a [[noise mitigation]] strategy to compensate. The desired hidden digital data signal is combined in the distortion step using a pre-determined [[pseudorandom binary sequence]] for audio [[frame synchronization]] and large amounts of [[forward error correction]] for the hidden data to be embedded. The watermark is only embedded when certain [[signal-to-noise ratio]] thresholds are met and is not available as a [[continuous signal]]—the signal must be monitored for a period of time before the embedded data can be detected and recovered. Extraction of the hidden signal is not exact but is based on recovering the [[convolutional code]]s through statistical [[cross-correlation]].
-The Blu-ray Disc implementation of Cinavia is designed to cover two use-cases: the first is the provision of a Cinavia watermark on all [[movie theater]] [[soundtrack]]s released via [[film distribution]] networks; the second use-case is for the provision of a Cinavia watermark on all Blu-ray Disc releases that points to the presence of an accompanying AACS key. If a "theatrical release" watermark is detected in a consumer Blu-ray Disc audio track, the accompanying video is deemed to have been sourced from a "[[cam (bootleg)|cam]]" recording. If the "AACS watermark" is present in the audio tracks, but no accompanying and matching AACS key is found on the disc, then it is deemed to have been a "[[ripping|rip]]" made by copying to a second [[Blu-ray Disc recordable|blank Blu-ray Disc]].
-{{As of|2012|03}}, known hardware players which can detect Cinavia watermarks include the [[PlayStation 3]] (began with v3.10 System Software), as well as newer [[Blu-ray Disc]] players.
-==Overview==
-Cinavia works to prevent copying via the [[Steganography|detection]] of a [[Digital watermarking|watermark]] recorded into the analog audio of media such as theatrical films and Blu-ray Discs.  The intent is to prevent all copying, both counterfeit copies and legal copies of one's own content (for example, [[format shifting]]).
-Verance claims on their website that, while the watermark is able to survive recording through microphones (such as [[Cam (bootleg)|recording a film in a movie theater with a camcorder]]), as well as [[Audio compression (data)|compression]] and [[Audio codec|encoding]], it is [[Digital watermarking#Perceptibility|imperceptible]] to human hearing, as well as that the presence of the watermark does not affect audio quality.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Verance Technology | url = http://www.verance.com/technology/index.php | accessdate = 11 October 2010}}</ref>
-When media with the watermark is played back on a system with Cinavia detection, its [[firmware]] will detect the watermark and check that the device on which it is being played is authorized for that watermark. If the device is not authorized (such as not being an authorized [[movie projector]] in the case of a [[Cam (bootleg)|cam bootleg]], or not utilizing [[Advanced Access Content System|AACS]] in the case of a [[DVD ripper|copy]] of a commercial Blu-ray Disc or [[Content Scramble System|CSS]] in the case of a copy of a commercial [[DVD]]), a message is displayed (either immediately or after a set duration) stating that the media is not authorized for playback on the device and that users should visit the Cinavia web page for more information. Depending on the device and firmware, once the message is triggered, the audio may be muted, or playback may stop entirely.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Cinavia Technology | url = http://www.cinavia.com/languages/english/pages/technology.html | accessdate = 26 May 2011}}</ref>
-===Messages===
-Following an intervention by the Cinavia+AACS system, one of four messages is displayed to reflect the specific situation in which a watermark was detected.  The messages are numbered "Cinavia message code 1–4",<ref name="cinavia-messages">{{cite web|url=http://www.cinavia.com/languages/english/pages/messages.html|title=Why do I see a Cinavia message when I play or copy a movie?|accessdate=4 September 2012|work=Cinavia messages}}</ref> allowing the messages themselves to be easily translated for consumers in different languages:
-# '''Message Code 1''': Playback stopped<ref name="cinavia-messages"/>—Shown when theatre- or hotel-distributed audio content is being played back on a consumer playback device.
-# '''Message Code 2''': Copying stopped<ref name="cinavia-messages"/>—Shown when theatre- or hotel-distributed audio content is being recorded by a consumer recording device.
-# '''Message Code 3''': Audio muted<ref name="cinavia-messages"/>—Shown when consumer-sold audio content is being played back from an optical disc, without the matching AACS key present at the centre of the disc.
-# '''Message Code 4''': Copying stopped<ref name="cinavia-messages"/>—Shown when consumer-sold audio content is being recorded by a consumer recording device.
-===Licensing===
-For Cinavia the owners Verance make their money through licensing agreements with several sections of the entertainment and media industry.  {{As of|2012|03}} these licence costs due to Verance were $10,000–$300,000 per manufacturer of Blu-ray Disc players—for the rights to embed the Cinavia detection system—plus additional software costs for the implementation itself.<ref name="anandtech-ganesh"/>  Production facilities need to pay $50 for each audio track that is watermarked with Cinavia.<ref name="anandtech-ganesh"/>  Distribution houses must finally pay $0.04 per disc with Cinavia watermarked content included.<ref name="anandtech-ganesh">{{cite news|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/5693/cinavia-drm-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-blurays-selfdestruction/4|title=Cinavia DRM: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Blu-ray’s Self-Destruction|work=AnandTech|date=2 March 2012|author=Ganesh T S|accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref>
-==Technical aspects==
-Verance claims Cinavia has the following features:
-* Only a single channel of audio is required to detect the watermark.
-* The watermark is able to survive re-recording through a microphone.
-* The watermark can be detected through "the production, duplication, distribution, broadcast, and consumer handling of recorded content".<ref name="VERANCETEC">{{Cite web | title = Verance Technology | url = http://www.verance.com/technology/index.php | accessdate = 5 June 2011 }}</ref> (In the white paper for their DVD-Audio Detector Compliance Verification Suite all tests are single-channel files.<ref name="CSV_WP">{{Cite web | title = Verance Audio Watermark Detector Compliance Verification Suite 12-Bit Version 1.7.1 | url = http://www.verance.com/pdf/ComplianceVerificationSuite6-12-01.pdf | accessdate = 5 June 2011 | date= 12 June 2001}}</ref>)
-* Different copies of otherwise identical works can be distinguished.<ref name="VERANCETEC"/>
-===DVD-Audio===
-The data throughput for a watermarking system used for [[DVD-Audio]] requirement is for "Watermark Output: 3 water-mark data bits per 15 seconds (2 CCI bits and 1 SDMI Trigger Bit)".<ref>{{Cite web | title=Verance Audio Watermark Detector SDMI Screen for Intel® Pentium® |format = Whitepaper for a Verance Audio Watermark Detector | url = http://www.verance.com/pdf/DetectorPCSDMI6-12-01.pdf | accessdate = 5 June 2011}}</ref> The two CCI bits in the example contain Digital Copy Control Information, while the succession of SDMI bits contains [[Secure Digital Music Initiative]] data when reconstructed. Also in the Compliance Verification Suite the lowest sample rate test is at 16,000 samples per second with 16&nbsp;bits per sample.<ref name="CSV_WP"/>  This could indicate that the bandwidth requirements top out at 8&nbsp;kHz.
-==History==
-On 5 June 2009, the licensing agreements for AACS were finalized, which were updated to make Cinavia detection on commercial Blu-ray Disc players a requirement.<ref name="VPR">{{Cite press release |title=AACS Issues Final Agreements, Enabling Commercial Deployment of Cinavia in Blu-ray Disc Players |publisher=[[Verance]] |date=5 June 2009 |url=http://www.verance.com/AdminSavR/news/news_item.php?news_id=42 |accessdate=11 October 2010}}</ref>
-On 3 July 2009, Maxim Anisiutkin published an open source DVD Audio watermark detector and neutralizer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dvdadecoder.sourceforge.net/|title=DVD Audio Watermark Detector|date=9 July 2009|accessdate=5 May 2014|author=Maxim|work=SourceForge}}</ref> computer program to the SourceForge web site. The software package contains a detailed description of the method and embedding parameters used in creating the DVD Audio or SDMI ([[Secure Digital Music Initiative]]) watermark, which was created by Verance Inc and was the earlier version of the Cinavia watermarking technology.
-From January 2013 onwards, attempts were made by third-party software suppliers to make use of existing bugs and loopholes in Blu-ray Disc players to avoid Cinavia message triggering, but without any attempt being made at precisely removing the Cinavia signal from the audio.  These attempts included iDeer Blu-ray Player, [[DVDFab]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.dvdfab.com/cinavia-protection.html|title=Cinavia protection|date=29 November 2011|accessdate=12 January 2013|author=Fengtao|work=DVDFab}}</ref> and [[AnyDVD]] HD (version 7.3.1.0) which used workarounds to avoid Cinavia-enabled software Blu-ray Disc players from triggering Cinavia detection messages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slysoft.com/download/changes_anydvd.txt |title=AnyDVD History |format=changelog |work=Slysoft website |deadurl=no |accessdate=15 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="cinex-whitepaper"/>
-In August 2013, DVD-Ranger released a [[white paper]] detailing their methods for detecting, and subsequently removing, the present Cinavia signal from audio files.<ref name="cinex-whitepaper">{{cite web|url=http://www.dvd2hd.com/_dl/cinex_wp_release1.pdf|title=DVD-Ranger CinEx|format=white paper|author=Vokki|date=10 August 2013|accessdate=15 September 2013}}</ref>  The DVD-Ranger CinEx beta software synchronises and detects the Cinavia signal in the same way as a consumer Cinavia detection routine; these identified parts of the audio stream are permanently removed, removing the Cinavia signal. Post-processing can be used to try to "fill-in" the audible gaps created.<ref name="cinex-whitepaper"/>
-There are claims<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myce.com/news/cinavia-beaten-with-open-source-software-virtualdubmod-and-audacity-70377/|title=Cinavia beaten|date=3 February 2014|accessdate=1 May 2014|author=Jan Willem Aldershoff|work=MYCE}}</ref> that Cinavia can be removed using open source software like [[Audacity (audio editor)|Audacity]] with an extracted audio file from a video source. The audio file is processed by decreasing pitch by 13%; the processed audio file is then merged back into the video source. This renders the Cinavia watermark unreadable.
-The best Cinavia removal method was provided<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myce.com/news/cinavia-blu-ray-copy-protection-is-broken-69681/|title=Cinavia broken|date=27 November 2013|accessdate=1 May 2014|author=Jan Willem Aldershoff|work=MYCE}}</ref>{{Better source|reason=User forum discussions are not reliable sources|date=January 2016}} by Myce user Cienoway. Several people{{who|date=January 2016}} confirmed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://club.myce.com/f62/how-disable-cinavia-332950/index11.html#post2710563|title=Cinavia removal|date=26 November 2013|accessdate=1 May 2014|author=Cienoway|work=MYCE}}</ref>{{Better source|reason=User forum discussions are not reliable sources|date=January 2016}} that the Cienoway method works. The detail of the method was not disclosed. However Cienoway claimed his computer code was extremely simple and broke Cinavia fundamentally, so no remedy was possible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://club.myce.com/f62/how-disable-cinavia-332950/index11.html#post2710572|title=Cinavia hacked|date=26 November 2013|accessdate=1 May 2014|author=Cienoway|work=MYCE}}{{Better source|reason=User forum discussions are not reliable sources|date=January 2016}}</ref> It was not clear when Cienoway will disclose his Cinavia removal method publicly.
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==Further reading==
-{{refbegin}}
-# {{cite patent|status=application|country=US|number=2010111355|pubdate=2010-05-06|invent1=Petrovic, Rade|invent2=Tehranchi, Babak|invent3=Winograd, Joseph M.|invent4=Jemili, Kanaan|assign1=Verance Corporation|title=Methods and Apparatus for Enhancing the Robustness of Watermark Extraction from Digital Host Content|fdate=2009-09-25}}
-# {{cite patent|status=patent|country=US|number=8085935|pubdate=2009-10-22|fdate=2009-04-17|gdate=2001-12-27|invent1=Petrovic, Rade|title=Embedding and Extraction of Information from an Embedded Content Using Replica Modulation|assign1=Verance Corporation}}
-# {{cite patent|status=patent|country=US|number=7289961|title=Data hiding via phase manipulation of audio signals|invent1=[http://www.rochester.edu/news/experts/index.php?id=198 Bocko, Mark F.]|invent2=[http://www.ece.rochester.edu/~ignjatov/ Ignjatovic, Zeljko]|assign1=University of Rochester|pubdate=2005-02-10|fdate=2004-06-18|gdate=2007-07-30}}
-# {{cite patent|status=application|country=US|number=2006239501|title=Security enhancements of digital watermarks for multi-media content||invent1=Petrovic, Rade|invent2=Tehranchi, Babak|invent3=Winograd, Joseph M.|invent4=Jemili, Kanaan|assign1=Verance Corporation|fdate=2005-04-26|pubdate=2006-10-26}}.
-#* Continued and republished as {{cite patent|status=application|country=US|number=2012017091|title=Security enhancements of digital watermarks for multi-media content|invent1=Petrovic, Rade|invent2=Tehranchi, Babak|invent3=Winograd, Joseph M.|invent4=Jemili, Kanaan|assign1=Verance Corporation|fdate=2011-09-28|pubdate=2012-01-19}}
-# [//www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=pts&hl=en&q=rade+petrovic Google patents search for "Rade Petrovic"]
-# [//www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=pts&q=Babak+Tehranchi Google patents search for "Babak Tehranchi"]
-# {{cite patent|status=patent|country=US|number=7606366|title=Apparatus and Method for Embedding and Extracting Information in Analog Signals using Distributed Signal Features and Replica Modulation|gdate=2009-10-20|fdate=2004-01-26|pubdate=2004-08-05|invent1=Petrovic, Rade|assign1=Verance Corporation}}
-# {{cite patent|status=patent|country=US|number=7024018|fdate=2002-04-23|gdate=2006-04-04|pubdate=2002-11-14|title=Watermark Position Modulation|invent1=Petrovic, Rade|assign1=Verance Corporation}}
-# {{cite patent|status=patent|country=US|number=6737957|fdate=2000-02-16|gdate=2004-05-18|invent1=Petrovic, Rade|invent2=Winograd, Joseph M.|assign1=Verance Corporation|title=Remote control signaling using audio watermarks}}
-# {{cite patent|status=application|country=WO|number=2008013894|fdate=2007-07-19|pubdate=2008-01-03|title=Signal continuity assessment using embedded watermarks|invent1=Tehranchi, Babak|invent2=Petrovic, Rade|invent3=Winograd, Joseph M.|invent4=Angelico, Dean Anthony}}
-{{refend}}
-==External links==
-* [http://www.verance.com Verance home page]
-* [http://www.cinavia.com Cinavia home page]
-* [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=Verance&OS=Verance&RS=Verance US Patent Application]
-* [http://www.myce.com/article/cinavia-the-copy-protection-that-doesnt-want-to-be-silenced-68001/ Ultimate Cinavia Guide: the protection that refuses to be silenced]<!-- 16 July 2013 12:01 CEST by Jan Willem Aldershoff -->
-* [http://www.myce.com/news/breakthrough-on-removal-of-cinavia-blu-ray-copy-protection-reported-69629/ Breakthrough on removal of Cinavia Blu-ray copy protection reported]
-* [http://www.dvdfab.cn/cinavia.htm DVDFab CinaviaRemoval HD: the World's First Complete Cinavia Removal Solution]
-{{Blu-ray}}
-[[Category:Digital rights management systems]]
-[[Category:Digital watermarking]]
-[[Category:Compact Disc and DVD copy protection]]
-[[Category:Blu-ray Disc]]