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== Education ==
== Education ==
Lisiecki received her S.B. in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science in 1999 and also obtained an S.M. in Geosystems in 2000 from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. She also earned a S.M. and Ph.D. in Geological Sciences, both from [[Brown University]] in 2003 and 2005. Lisiecki's Ph.D. thesis was titled “''Paleoclimate time series: New alignment and compositing techniques, a 5.3-Myr benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O stack, and analysis of Pliocene-Pleistocene climate transitions''”.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://lorraine-lisiecki.com/lisieckiCV.pdf|title=Lorraine Lisiecki's CV|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
Lisiecki graduated in 1995 from the [[South Carolina Governor's School for Science and Mathematics|South Carolina Governor’s School for Science and Mathematics]], one of the top STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) high schools in the United States.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://forecastpod.org/index.php/2016/02/12/into-the-deep-ocean-with-lorraine-lisiecki/|title=Into the deep ocean with Lorraine Lisiecki|date=2016-02-12|newspaper=Forecast: a podcast about climate science and climate scientists|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.scgssm.org/about|title=About|date=2012-09-18|newspaper=SC Governor's School for Science & Mathematics|access-date=2016-11-03}}</ref> Lisiecki received her S.B. in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science in 1999 and also obtained an S.M. in Geosystems in 2000 from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. She also earned a S.M. and Ph.D. in Geological Sciences, both from [[Brown University]] in 2003 and 2005. Lisiecki's Ph.D. thesis was titled “''Paleoclimate time series: New alignment and compositing techniques, a 5.3-Myr benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O stack, and analysis of Pliocene-Pleistocene climate transitions''”.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://lorraine-lisiecki.com/lisieckiCV.pdf|title=Lorraine Lisiecki's CV|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>


== Current research ==
== Current research ==
Lisiecki's current research focuses on [[paleoclimatology]]. Lisiecki's research interest in paleoclimatology arose from the lack of research and current understanding of the glacial cycles. Lisiecki uses various computational and mathematical methods to interpret and compare different paleoclimate records.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://forecastpod.org/index.php/2016/02/12/into-the-deep-ocean-with-lorraine-lisiecki/&h=4AQHAKo3q|title=Into the deep ocean with Lorraine Lisiecki - Forecast|last=|first=|date=|website=l.facebook.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-11-01}}</ref> In specific, she is interested in the evolution of the [[Plio-Pleistocene]] climate due to its relation to the Milankovitch forcing, 100-kyr glacial cycles, the carbon cycle, and deep-ocean circulation. Currently, Lisiecki designs and develops software for rendering age models and [[stratigraphy]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Currently, Lisiecki is creating 3D models of ocean circulation to determine the relationship between orbital forcing and ocean circulation patterns and account for time-variant uncertainties.<ref name=":2" />
Lisiecki's current research focuses on [[paleoclimatology]]. Lisiecki's research interest in paleoclimatology arose from the lack of research and current understanding of the glacial cycles. Lisiecki uses various computational and mathematical methods to interpret and compare different paleoclimate records.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://forecastpod.org/index.php/2016/02/12/into-the-deep-ocean-with-lorraine-lisiecki/&h=4AQHAKo3q|title=Into the deep ocean with Lorraine Lisiecki - Forecast|last=|first=|date=|website=l.facebook.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-11-01}}</ref> In specific, she is interested in the evolution of the [[Plio-Pleistocene]] climate due to its relation to the Milankovitch forcing, 100-kyr glacial cycles, the carbon cycle, and deep-ocean circulation. Currently, Lisiecki designs and develops software for rendering age models and [[stratigraphy]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> As well, Lisiecki is creating 3D models of ocean circulation to determine the relationship between orbital forcing and ocean circulation patterns and account for time-variant uncertainties.<ref name=":2" />


== Contributions ==
== Contributions ==
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==== LR04 Benthic Stack [Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005] ====
==== LR04 Benthic Stack [Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005] ====
A [[Pliocene]]-[[Pleistocene]] [[Stack (geology)|stack]], spanning 5.3-Myr, demonstrating an average of 57 globally distributed [[Benthic zone|Benthic]] δ<sup>18</sup>O records collected from scientific literature, which measure ice volume and deep ocean temperature. The records were placed on a common age model, represented by a graphic correlation algorithm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lorraine-lisiecki.com/stack.html|title=LR04 Benthic Stack|website=www.lorraine-lisiecki.com|access-date=2016-11-03}}</ref> Lisiecki and Raymo's LR04 Benthic Stack contains significantly more variance in Benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O, in comparison to former published stacks of the late Pleistocene epoch. In the LR04, there are higher resolution records, an improved alignment technique, and a higher percentage of records from the Atlantic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=amd&KeywordPath=%5BParameters%3A+Topic%3D%26%23039%3BPALEOCLIMATE%26%23039%3B%2C+Term%3D%26%23039%3BOCEAN%26%2347%3BLAKE+RECORDS%26%23039%3B%2C+Variable_Level_1%3D%26%23039%3BSTRATIGRAPHIC+SEQUENCE%26%23039%3B%5D&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=NOAA_NCDC_PALEO_2005-008&MetadataView=Full&MetadataType=0&lbnode=mdlb3|title=LR04 Global Pliocene-Pleistocene Benthic d180 Stack|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
A [[Pliocene]]-[[Pleistocene]] [[Stack (geology)|stack]], spanning 5.3-Myr, demonstrating an average of 57 globally distributed [[Benthic zone|Benthic]] [[Δ18O|δ<sup>18</sup>O]] records collected from scientific literature, which measure ice volume and deep ocean temperature. The records were placed on a common age model, represented by a graphic correlation algorithm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lorraine-lisiecki.com/stack.html|title=LR04 Benthic Stack|website=www.lorraine-lisiecki.com|access-date=2016-11-03}}</ref> Lisiecki and Raymo's LR04 Stack contains significantly more variance in benthic δ<sup>18</sup>O, in comparison to former published stacks of the late Pleistocene epoch. In the LR04, there are higher resolution records, an improved alignment technique, and a higher percentage of records from the Atlantic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=amd&KeywordPath=%5BParameters%3A+Topic%3D%26%23039%3BPALEOCLIMATE%26%23039%3B%2C+Term%3D%26%23039%3BOCEAN%26%2347%3BLAKE+RECORDS%26%23039%3B%2C+Variable_Level_1%3D%26%23039%3BSTRATIGRAPHIC+SEQUENCE%26%23039%3B%5D&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=NOAA_NCDC_PALEO_2005-008&MetadataView=Full&MetadataType=0&lbnode=mdlb3|title=LR04 Global Pliocene-Pleistocene Benthic d180 Stack|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>

The LR04 Stack is one of the most heavily cited Pliocene-entitled papers for [[Δ18O|δ<sup>18</sup>O]] due to the intensive mathematical meticulousness incorporated into the record, the level of objectivity involved, its use of global distribution and duration. The existence of the LR04 Stack serves as a very important tool in paleoceanography.<ref name=":4" />


==Earth's Climate History==
==Earth's Climate History==
Lisiecki has also researched ocean sediment cores in an effort to find patterns in Earth’s climate history.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=UCSB geologist discovers pattern in Earth's long-term climate record|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-04/uoc--ugd040610.php|website=EurekAlert|publisher=AAAS|accessdate=October 29, 2016}}</ref> Given the composition of the sediment, her efforts were successful in finding patterns in earth’s climate history. Lisiecki found a connection between earth’s climate cycle and earth’s orbital cycle, assuming [[glaciation]] and [[orbital eccentricity]] are both on 100,000 year cycles, she found that stronger changes in Earth’s orbit correlated with weaker changes in glaciation.
Lisiecki has also researched ocean sediment cores in an effort to find patterns in Earth’s climate history.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=UCSB geologist discovers pattern in Earth's long-term climate record|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-04/uoc--ugd040610.php|website=EurekAlert|publisher=AAAS|accessdate=October 29, 2016}}</ref> Given the composition of the sediment, her efforts were successful in finding patterns in earth’s climate history. Lisiecki found a connection between earth’s climate cycle and earth’s orbital cycle, assuming [[glaciation]] and [[orbital eccentricity]] are both on 100,000-year cycles, she found that stronger changes in Earth’s orbit correlated with weaker changes in glaciation.


== 100,000-year Problem ==
== 100,000-year Problem ==
In 2010, Lisiecki discovered an inverse correlation between the strength of glacial cycles and the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit over the past 1.2 million years, suggesting the possibility of internal instability of the earth’s climate in conjunction with its orbital cycles.<ref name=":3" /> Lisiecki proposed that this anticorrelation is caused by the inhibition of internal climate feedbacks by periods of strong procession forcing. She also suggested that long term internal factors might be responsible, such as the carbon cycle or the ice sheets, though more research is required.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Links between eccentricity forcing and the 100,000-year glacial cycle|journal=Nature Geoscience|volume=3}}</ref>
It was previously generally thought that the 100,000-year glacial cycles in the past 800,000 years were due to a result of [[orbital eccentricity]]. In 2010, Lisiecki discovered a negative correlation between the strength of [[Glacial cycle|glacial cycles]] and the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit over the past 1.2 million years, suggesting the possibility of internal instability of the earth’s climate in conjunction with its orbital cycles.<ref name=":3" /> Lisiecki proposed that this negative correlation is caused by the inhibition of internal climate feedbacks by periods of strong procession forcing. Lisiecki also suggested that long-term internal factors might be responsible, such as the carbon cycle or the ice sheets, though more research is required.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Links between eccentricity forcing and the 100,000-year glacial cycle|journal=Nature Geoscience|volume=3}}</ref>


==Awards==
==Awards==

Revision as of 20:26, 3 November 2016

Lorraine Lisiecki is an American paleoclimatologist. She is an assistant professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara.[1] She has proposed a new analysis of the 100,000-year problem in the Milankovitch theory of climate change.[2] She also created the analytical software behind the LR04,[3] a "standard representation of the climate history of the last five million years".[4]

Education

Lisiecki graduated in 1995 from the South Carolina Governor’s School for Science and Mathematics, one of the top STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) high schools in the United States.[5][6] Lisiecki received her S.B. in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science in 1999 and also obtained an S.M. in Geosystems in 2000 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She also earned a S.M. and Ph.D. in Geological Sciences, both from Brown University in 2003 and 2005. Lisiecki's Ph.D. thesis was titled “Paleoclimate time series: New alignment and compositing techniques, a 5.3-Myr benthic δ18O stack, and analysis of Pliocene-Pleistocene climate transitions”.[7]

Current research

Lisiecki's current research focuses on paleoclimatology. Lisiecki's research interest in paleoclimatology arose from the lack of research and current understanding of the glacial cycles. Lisiecki uses various computational and mathematical methods to interpret and compare different paleoclimate records.[8] In specific, she is interested in the evolution of the Plio-Pleistocene climate due to its relation to the Milankovitch forcing, 100-kyr glacial cycles, the carbon cycle, and deep-ocean circulation. Currently, Lisiecki designs and develops software for rendering age models and stratigraphy.[7][9] As well, Lisiecki is creating 3D models of ocean circulation to determine the relationship between orbital forcing and ocean circulation patterns and account for time-variant uncertainties.[8]

Contributions

HMM-Match [Lin et al, 2014]

Software designed using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for probabilistic sequence alignment of stratigraphic records.[10][11]

Match & Autocomp Software [Lisiecki and Lisiecki, 2002]

Paleoceanography software designed to find the optimal alignment of two paleoclimate signals using penalty functions to constrain the rate of accumulation for sediments.[12]

LR04 Benthic Stack [Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005]

A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack, spanning 5.3-Myr, demonstrating an average of 57 globally distributed Benthic δ18O records collected from scientific literature, which measure ice volume and deep ocean temperature. The records were placed on a common age model, represented by a graphic correlation algorithm.[13] Lisiecki and Raymo's LR04 Stack contains significantly more variance in benthic δ18O, in comparison to former published stacks of the late Pleistocene epoch. In the LR04, there are higher resolution records, an improved alignment technique, and a higher percentage of records from the Atlantic.[14]

The LR04 Stack is one of the most heavily cited Pliocene-entitled papers for δ18O due to the intensive mathematical meticulousness incorporated into the record, the level of objectivity involved, its use of global distribution and duration. The existence of the LR04 Stack serves as a very important tool in paleoceanography.[5]

Earth's Climate History

Lisiecki has also researched ocean sediment cores in an effort to find patterns in Earth’s climate history.[15] Given the composition of the sediment, her efforts were successful in finding patterns in earth’s climate history. Lisiecki found a connection between earth’s climate cycle and earth’s orbital cycle, assuming glaciation and orbital eccentricity are both on 100,000-year cycles, she found that stronger changes in Earth’s orbit correlated with weaker changes in glaciation.

100,000-year Problem

It was previously generally thought that the 100,000-year glacial cycles in the past 800,000 years were due to a result of orbital eccentricity. In 2010, Lisiecki discovered a negative correlation between the strength of glacial cycles and the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit over the past 1.2 million years, suggesting the possibility of internal instability of the earth’s climate in conjunction with its orbital cycles.[15] Lisiecki proposed that this negative correlation is caused by the inhibition of internal climate feedbacks by periods of strong procession forcing. Lisiecki also suggested that long-term internal factors might be responsible, such as the carbon cycle or the ice sheets, though more research is required.[16]

Awards

  • Subaru Outstanding Woman in Science Award from the Geological Society of America in 2008.[4]
  • Editors' Citation for Excellence in Refereeing for Paleoceanography, 2008[9]
  • Joukowsky Outstanding Dissertation Award, 2005[9]

References

  1. ^ USCB faculty page
  2. ^ Lorraine E. Lisiecki (2010). "Links between eccentricity forcing and the 100,000-year glacial cycle". Nature Geoscience. 3 (5): 349–352. doi:10.1038/ngeo828.
  3. ^ Paleoceangraphy, 2004
  4. ^ a b Geological Society of America, 2008 Subaru Outstanding Woman in Science Award
  5. ^ a b "Into the deep ocean with Lorraine Lisiecki". Forecast: a podcast about climate science and climate scientists. 2016-02-12. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  6. ^ "About". SC Governor's School for Science & Mathematics. 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  7. ^ a b "Lorraine Lisiecki's CV" (PDF).
  8. ^ a b "Into the deep ocean with Lorraine Lisiecki - Forecast". l.facebook.com. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
  9. ^ a b c "Lorraine Lisiecki". lorraine-lisiecki.com. Retrieved 2016-10-29.
  10. ^ "Bayesian Geociences". ccmbweb.ccv.brown.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
  11. ^ "Probabilistic sequence alignment of stratigraphic records". Paleoceanography. 29.
  12. ^ "Match Software". lorraine-lisiecki.com. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
  13. ^ "LR04 Benthic Stack". www.lorraine-lisiecki.com. Retrieved 2016-11-03.
  14. ^ "LR04 Global Pliocene-Pleistocene Benthic d180 Stack".
  15. ^ a b "UCSB geologist discovers pattern in Earth's long-term climate record". EurekAlert. AAAS. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  16. ^ "Links between eccentricity forcing and the 100,000-year glacial cycle". Nature Geoscience. 3.
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