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|'''2.0 i.e. 16V'''||I4 16V [[DOHC]]|| ||1,995 cc || DIN: {{convert|92|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5,750&nbsp;rpm<br>DIN: {{convert|148|PS|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} at 6,250&nbsp;rpm || DIN: {{convert|177|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 4,750&nbsp;rpm<br>DIN: {{convert|186|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 5,000&nbsp;rpm ||Brazilian model<ref name="AR94"/><br>Turkish model<ref name=AutoCapital1/>
|'''2.0 i.e. 16V'''||I4 16V [[DOHC]]|| ||1,995 cc || DIN: {{convert|92|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 5,750&nbsp;rpm<br>DIN: {{convert|148|PS|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} at 6,250&nbsp;rpm || DIN: {{convert|177|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 4,750&nbsp;rpm<br>DIN: {{convert|186|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 5,000&nbsp;rpm ||Brazilian model<ref name="AR94"/><br>Turkish model<ref name=AutoCapital1/>
|- style="background:#fff;"
|- style="background:#fff;"
|'''2.0 i.e. Turbo'''||I4 8V [[DOHC]]|| ||1,995 cc||121&nbsp;kW (165 PS) at 5,250&nbsp;rpm<br>||DIN: {{convert|260|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000&nbsp;rpm<br>||(1993-1996 2-door and 1995-1998 4-door Tempra Turbo Stile)<br> Brazilian model
|'''2.0 i.e. Turbo'''||I4 8V [[DOHC]]|| ||1,995 cc||DIN: 121&nbsp;kW (165 PS) at 5,250&nbsp;rpm<br>||DIN: {{convert|260|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 3,000&nbsp;rpm<br>||(1993-1996 2-door and 1995-1998 4-door Tempra Turbo Stile)<br> Brazilian model
|- style="background:#fff;"
|- style="background:#fff;"
|'''1.9 D'''||I4 [[SOHC]]|| 160A7.000 ||1,929 cc|| DIN: {{convert|48|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4,600&nbsp;rpm || {{convert|119|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,000&nbsp;rpm ||
|'''1.9 D'''||I4 [[SOHC]]|| 160A7.000 ||1,929 cc|| DIN: {{convert|48|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4,600&nbsp;rpm || {{convert|119|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 2,000&nbsp;rpm ||

Revision as of 14:08, 21 November 2016

Fiat Tempra
Overview
ManufacturerFiat
Tofaş
Mekong Auto[1]
Also calledFiat Marengo (panel van)
Production1990—1999
AssemblyCassino, Italy[2] (1990—1996)
Bursa, Turkey (1990—1999)
Betim, Brazil (1991—1998)
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (1996-2000)[1]
DesignerErcole Spada at I.DE.A Institute
Body and chassis
ClassSmall family car (C)
Body style2-door saloon (Brazil)
4-door saloon
5-door station wagon
5-door panel van
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel drive / four-wheel drive (estate)
PlatformType Three platform (Tipo Tre)[3]
RelatedAlfa Romeo 145/146
Alfa Romeo 155
Fiat Tipo
Fiat Coupé
Lancia Delta
Lancia Dedra
Powertrain
Engine1.4 L I4
1.6 L I4
1.8 L I4
2.0 L I4
2.0 L turbo I4
1.9 L diesel I4
1.9 L turbodiesel I4
Transmission5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
"Selecta" CVT[4]
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,540 mm (100 in)
LengthSaloon: 4,355 mm (171.5 in)
Station Wagon: 4,472 mm (176.1 in)
Width1,695 mm (66.7 in)
Height1,445 mm (56.9 in)
Curb weight1,030 kg (2,271 lb)-1,220 kg (2,690 lb)[5]
Chronology
PredecessorFiat Regata
SuccessorFiat Marea

The Fiat Tempra (Type 159) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Fiat from 1990 to 1996. The Tempra was intended as a replacement for the Fiat Regata. The original project was called Tipo 3, being a mid-size car between the Fiat Tipo (project Tipo 2) and the bigger Fiat Croma (project Tipo 4). The Tempra shares its Type Three platform with the Lancia Dedra and Alfa Romeo 155.

The Tempra was named the 1991 Semperit Irish Car of the Year in Ireland.

Overview

The Tempra saloon was introduced in February 1990 at the Geneva Salon, with the station wagon (marketed as the "Tempra SW") arriving two months later in Turin.[5] The initial engine range comprised 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 petrol units and normally aspirated and turbocharged 1.9-litre diesel units. The car began to be produced in Brazil for Latin American markets after being introduced in Aruba, September 1991. First seen in September 1992, a two-door coupé version of it was produced exclusively for the Brazilian market.[6] It was built until 1995 and a turbocharged petrol version was also available there.[7]

Mechanics

Fiat Tempra Station Wagon

The Tempra's engine range was similar to that of the Tipo. Initially 1.4- and 1.6-litre models had carburettor engines. Both of these models were discontinued in 1992 due to the new European emission standards and thus all models from 1992 on had catalytic converters and electronic injection. Transmission was a standard five speed manual, but for the first time a midsize sedan was offered as with a continuously variable transmission which was previously available on the Fiat Uno, Panda, Ritmo and Tipo. This, called the "Selecta", was available only with the 1.6 litre engine with either bodystyle.[5] As of July 1991, the 2.0-litre SX model became available with an optional four-speed automatic transmission.[8] Presented in Geneva 1992 (March), there was a version of the station wagon which offered the 2-litre engine combined with permanent four-wheel drive. The four-wheel drive version had a slight front bias (56/44%).[9]

During its six-year production run, few changes were made apart from a minor facelift in April 1993 which resulted in a new front grille and other minor styling changes, as well as new equipment levels.

Chassis and main parts (most notably, the doors) were shared with the Fiat Tipo. Other vehicles, derived from the same project were Lancia Dedra (Tempra's most similar cousin, sharing all mechanical components), Lancia Delta second generation, Alfa Romeo 155, Alfa 145 and Alfa 146.

The Fiat Tempra had two exclusive options in Brazil: two-door version for any engine option (from 1992 to 1994), and a 2.0-litre turbo, which was sold with the two-door as "Tempra Turbo" (1994 and 1995) and with the four-door as "Tempra Stile Turbo" (1996 and 1997). The engine delivered around 163hp and 26,5 kgf.m. Car Magazine tests registered 0 to 100 km/h in 8,2 seconds and 213 km/h of top speed by the Tempra Turbo 2-door 1994. As remark, the Tempra Turbo 1994 was the second turbocharged car to be produced in Brazil. The first one was the Uno Turbo, also in 1994.

Equipment and trim levels


Fiat Marengo (Tempra commercial)

Only two trim levels were available in its early years: standard (S) and SX, both reasonably equipped considering the Tempra's low price.

SX models for example, featured power windows, power locks, adjustable belts and steering wheel, front fog lights, body coloured bumpers, velvet upholstery, a futuristic digital dashboard and many other standard extras. They were also available with optional extras like anti-lock brakes, alloy wheels, sunroof, electronic climate control, etc.

A facelift in April 1993 featured more trim levels, now ranging from the standard models ("L" in the UK, where it was only available with 1.4 engine) via the S and SX to the top SLX, which was only available with 1.8-, and 2.0-litre engines in the United Kingdom. An optional driver's airbag was another innovation that year. The four-wheel drive Station Wagons continued to be available in some markets such as Switzerland.[10] In Turkey, where Tofaş built the car, there were also "SX A" (automatic transmission) and "SX AK" (climate control added) versions available. The 1,000,000th Tofaş built was a Tempra 2.0 i.e. 16V. The Turkish 16 valve Tempra was not sold in the rest of Europe; it was also available with station wagon bodywork and has a 148 PS (109 kW) engine.[11]

There was also the domestic market Marengo, a name also used before with the Regata Weekend and later again with the Marea Wagon. This is a commercial version of the Tempra which was based on the Station Wagon version, but with basic equipment, heavily tinted rear windows, and no rear seats. The engines were most commonly the naturally aspirated diesels.

Reports

Digital dashboard on SX models
Tempra Interior and standard dashboard on S models

Quattroruote, a popular Italian motoring magazine, reported some failures and defects with the Tempra. The first issue to be reported was some water ingress through the windscreen seals, an issue that previously plagued some other Fiat vehicles, especially Alfa 33, which in rainy conditions would carry a significant quantity of water on board. This problem was reported from 1990–92 and was resolved with using a higher quantity of sealant when fitting the glass.

Another reported problem was a high oil consumption, especially the 1,581 cc engine, which was a common defect with Tipo (with the same engine) and Panda (1000 FIRE engine). The same was reported for other Fiat's vehicles, but disappeared with the new 1.6 L 66 kW engine.

On the same model, from 1994, the car started to show some electronic malfunctions, with items such as the electronic control unit, code key and electric system. A design flaw of the Tempra was that its rear window was too small and inclined and the tail too tall, so that rear visibility was poor. This issue was common with the 155 and Dedra, and was one of the reason the estate had more success than the saloon,[12] especially in the UK.

Qualities

Since the beginning, the Tempra was presented as a cheap and reliable car. 1.4 and 1.6 engines were able to run long distances with good fuel economy, also aided by a high capacity tanks of 65 litres (17 US gal; 14 imp gal) for the sedan and 70 L (18 US gal; 15 imp gal) for the Station Wagon. Average range for a 55 kW 1.6 litre sedan was around 920 km (572 mi) (14 km/L or 7.1 l/100 km or 39.5 mpg‑imp), and consumption at constant speed was of 16.5 km/L (6.1 l/100 km; 46.6 mpg‑imp) at 90 km/h (56 mph) and 11.6 km/L (8.6 l/100 km; 32.8 mpg‑imp) at 130 km/h (81 mph). All these were aided by a favorable aerodynamic (Cx 0.297) and only 17.2 PS subtracted at 100 km/h (62 mph), which was the best result among all the rivals.[13]

Another advantage was the galvanized structure, which allowed the model to be resistant against rust over the time, also showing a good response to weather and bad climate conditions after many years. Other qualities were the strength and reliability of the mechanics, thanks to the engine that could be used in urban drive, extra-urban and highways. For its luggage capacity, especially the Marengo version, was also one of the favourites among companies with the 1929 diesel engine, and the interior space was comfortable for 5 persons during long travels.

Another

Fiat Tempra rear view

F1 Safety Car

A Brazilian-produced version of the 16 valve Tempra had the honourable role of being used in Formula One as the Safety Car during the 1993 season, most notably at the Brazilian Grand Prix.[14]

End of production

The Tempra was discontinued in Europe in 1996, and in Brazil in 1998. It was replaced by the Fiat Marea, which is based on the Fiat Bravo and Fiat Brava platform, the replacements for the Tempra's sister car the Fiat Tipo.

In Brazil 204,795 Tempras were produced in eight years,[15] and in Turkey, where the car was manufactured by Tofaş from November 1990[16] until 1999, 129,590 were made.

Engines

Model Engine layout Engine code Displacement Power Torque Notes
1.4 S I4 SOHC 159A2.000 1,372 cc DIN: 57 kW (77 PS) at 6,000 rpm
ECE: 56 kW (76 PS) at 6,000 rpm		 DIN: 108 N⋅m (80 lb⋅ft) at 2,900 rpm
ECE: 106 N⋅m (78 lb⋅ft) at 2,900 rpm		 carburator
1.4 i.e. I4 SOHC 160A1.046 1,372 cc DIN: 52 kW (71 PS) at 6,000 rpm
ECE: 51 kW (69 PS) at 6,000 rpm		 DIN: 108 N⋅m (80 lb⋅ft) at 2,900 rpm
ECE: 106 N⋅m (78 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm		 cat and fuel injection
1.6 S I4 SOHC 159A3.000 1,581 cc DIN: 63 kW (86 PS) at 5,800 rpm
ECE: 62 kW (84 PS) at 5,800 rpm		 DIN: 132 N⋅m (97 lb⋅ft) at 2,900 rpm
ECE: 130 N⋅m (96 lb⋅ft) at 2,900 rpm		 carburator
1.6 i.e. I4 SOHC 159A3.000 1,581 cc DIN: 59 kW (80 PS) at 6,000 rpm
ECE: 57 kW (77 PS) at 6,000 rpm		 DIN: 128 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm
ECE: 124 N⋅m (91 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm		 cat and fuel injection (until 1992)
1.6 i.e. I4 SOHC 835C1.000
159A3.048 (Selecta)		 1,581 cc DIN: 56 kW (76 PS) at 6,000 rpm
ECE: 55 kW (75 PS) at 6,000 rpm		 DIN: 128 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm
ECE: 125 N⋅m (92 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm		 cat and fuel injection (after 1992)
DIN: 68 kW (93 PS) at 5,750 rpm DIN: 136 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 2,750 rpm No catalyzer (Turkey and other markets)[11]
1.8 i.e. I4 DOHC 159A4.000 1,756 cc DIN: 81 kW (110 PS) at 6,000 rpm
ECE: 80 kW (109 PS) at 6,000 rpm		 DIN: 142 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm
ECE: 140 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm		 fuel injection
1.8 i.e. I4 DOHC 835C2.000 1,756 cc DIN: 77 kW (105 PS) at 6,000 rpm
ECE: 76 kW (103 PS) at 6,000 rpm		 DIN: 140 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm
ECE: 137 N⋅m (101 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm		 cat and fuel injection, 1992–
66 kW (90 PS) DIN in some markets[17]
2.0 I4 8V DOHC 1,995 cc DIN: 71 kW (97 PS) at 5,250 rpm DIN: 159 N⋅m (117 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm carburetted Brazilian model[6]
2.0 i.e. I4 8V DOHC 159A6.046 1,995 cc DIN: 85 kW (115 PS) at 5,750 rpm
ECE: 83 kW (113 PS) at 5,750 rpm		 DIN: 159 N⋅m (117 lb⋅ft) at 3,300 rpm
ECE: 156 N⋅m (115 lb⋅ft) at 3,300 rpm		 cat and fuel injection
2.0 i.e. 16V I4 16V DOHC 1,995 cc DIN: 92 kW (125 PS) at 5,750 rpm
DIN: 109 kW (148 PS) at 6,250 rpm		 DIN: 177 N⋅m (131 lb⋅ft) at 4,750 rpm
DIN: 186 N⋅m (137 lb⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm		 Brazilian model[6]
Turkish model[11]
2.0 i.e. Turbo I4 8V DOHC 1,995 cc DIN: 121 kW (165 PS) at 5,250 rpm
 DIN: 260 N⋅m (190 lb⋅ft) at 3,000 rpm
 (1993-1996 2-door and 1995-1998 4-door Tempra Turbo Stile)
Brazilian model
1.9 D I4 SOHC 160A7.000 1,929 cc DIN: 48 kW (65 PS) at 4,600 rpm 119 N⋅m (88 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
1.9 TD I4 SOHC 160A6.000 1,929 cc DIN: 60 kW (82 PS) at 4,000 rpm
ECE: 59 kW (80 PS) at 4,000 rpm		 DIN: 173 N⋅m (128 lb⋅ft) at 2,800 rpm
 		 with EGR
1.9 TD I4 SOHC 160A6.000 1,929 cc DIN: 68 kW (92 PS) at 4,100 rpm
ECE: 66 kW (90 PS) at 4,100 rpm		 DIN: 191 N⋅m (141 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm
ECE: 186 N⋅m (137 lb⋅ft) at 2,400 rpm

Notes

  1. ^ a b David W. Conklin. Cases in the Environment of Business. Retrieved 2009-01-01. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  2. ^ "Fiat raggiunge l' accordo per Cassino". archiviostorico.corriere.it. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  3. ^ "Fiat Type platform". Fiat-tipo-portugal.com. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  4. ^ "Fiat Tempra". carsfromitaly.net. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
  5. ^ a b c Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 1991). Automobil Revue 1991 (in German and French). Vol. 86. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. pp. 267–268. ISBN 3-444-00514-8.
  6. ^ a b c Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (10 March 1994). Automobil Revue 1994 (in German and French). Vol. 89. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. pp. 255–256. ISBN 3-444-00584-9.
  7. ^ Glon, Ronan (13 March 2011). "A quick look at the Fiat Tempra Coupe". Ran When Parked.
  8. ^ Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1992 (in Italian). Milano: Editoriale Domus S.p.A. 1992. p. 241.
  9. ^ Automobil Revue 1994, p. 252
  10. ^ Automobil Revue 1994, p. 102
  11. ^ a b c Özenen, Hakan, ed. (December 1996). "Türk pazarındaki otomobillerin teknik verileri". Auto Capital (in Turkish) (1). Istanbul, Turkey: Hürgüç Gazetecilik A.Ş.: 114. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Quattroruote; December 1995
  13. ^ Quattroruote; September 1992
  14. ^ "The F1 Safety Car's Bumpy Ride". 22 December 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  15. ^ "Best Cars Web Site". uol.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2007-12-30.
  16. ^ Automobil Revue 1994, p. 526
  17. ^ Automobil Revue 1994, pp. 250-251
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