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Indian Maoists, or [[Naxalite|Naxal]]s, were named after a 1967 leftist armed uprising against the Indian state originating in the village of [[Naxalbari]] in [[West Bengal]]. The movement had its intellectual roots in the doctrines of [[Mao Zedong]] promoting armed overthrow of the ruling class by the peasant and worker class. The original movement had weakened considerably by the 1970s, but it started spreading across a swathe of India's poorest districts, the so-called [[red corridor]], a tribal belt running through the mainly [[Santhal people|Santhal]] regions of [[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Orissa]], and then through the [[Gondi people|Gond]] and other tribal regions of [[Andhra Pradesh]], into the [[Bastar division|Bastar]] region of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Updated 1136 hrs 3rd Feb,2010(+5:30 GMT)--> |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/knowing-the-reds-a-primer-on-maoists/95141-3.html |title=Knowing the reds: a primer on Maoists |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref>
Indian Maoists, or [[Naxalite|Naxal]]s, were named after a 1967 leftist armed uprising against the Indian state originating in the village of [[Naxalbari]] in [[West Bengal]]. The movement had its intellectual roots in the doctrines of [[Mao Zedong]] promoting armed overthrow of the ruling class by the peasant and worker class. The original movement had weakened considerably by the 1970s, but it started spreading across a swathe of India's poorest districts, the so-called [[red corridor]], a tribal belt running through the mainly [[Santhal people|Santhal]] regions of [[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Orissa]], and then through the [[Gondi people|Gond]] and other tribal regions of [[Andhra Pradesh]], into the [[Bastar division|Bastar]] region of [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Updated 1136 hrs 3rd Feb,2010(+5:30 GMT)--> |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/knowing-the-reds-a-primer-on-maoists/95141-3.html |title=Knowing the reds: a primer on Maoists |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref>


Two separate radical leftist groups, the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War party (also known as the [[People's War Group]]) and the [[Maoist Communist Centre]] merged to form the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] in September 2004. This happened within four months of the end of India's centre-right nationalist [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] government and the start of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]-led [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] government in alliance with the [[Left Front (India)|Left Front]]{{dn|date=December 2016}} (a grouping of India's leftist and communist parties). After the [[2009 Indian general election]], the Congress-led UPA managed to come to power at the centre without the support of the Left Front or communist parties. Within one month of that election, the [[Government of India]] declared the CPI (Maoist) as a designated [[terrorism|terrorist]] organization under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]].<ref name=MaoTerrorist>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=49325|title=CPI (Maoist) included in list of terrorist organizations to avoid any ambiguity|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> A few months later Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] said that the Maoists pose the biggest internal threat to India's security and their activities had intensified over the previous years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/08/2009817173841682428.html |title=CENTRAL/S. ASIA - India weighs Maoist threat |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=2009-08-17 |accessdate=2010-04-06}}</ref>
Two separate radical leftist groups, the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War party (also known as the [[People's War Group]]) and the [[Maoist Communist Centre]] merged to form the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] in September 2004. This happened within four months of the end of India's centre-right nationalist [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] government and the start of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]-led [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] government in alliance with the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] (a grouping of India's leftist and communist parties). After the [[2009 Indian general election]], the Congress-led UPA managed to come to power at the centre without the support of the Left Front or communist parties. Within one month of that election, the [[Government of India]] declared the CPI (Maoist) as a designated [[terrorism|terrorist]] organization under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]].<ref name=MaoTerrorist>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=49325|title=CPI (Maoist) included in list of terrorist organizations to avoid any ambiguity|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> A few months later Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] said that the Maoists pose the biggest internal threat to India's security and their activities had intensified over the previous years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/08/2009817173841682428.html |title=CENTRAL/S. ASIA - India weighs Maoist threat |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=2009-08-17 |accessdate=2010-04-06}}</ref>


The insurgency points to the commercial development and industrialization in forest regions that are home to India's tribal communities, resulting in loss of land or livelihood as justification for its activities.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jyoti Punwani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/For-tribals-development-means-exploitation/articleshow/5664400.cms |title='For tribals, development means exploitation' - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2010-03-10 |accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref> These regions are noted for lack of development; at 30% literacy, the Dantewada district has the lowest literacy rate in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dantewada.gov.in/census.htm |title=Dantewada - Census-2001 At A Glance |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=2010-04-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100323062255/http://dantewada.gov.in/census.htm| archivedate= 23 March 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
The insurgency points to the commercial development and industrialization in forest regions that are home to India's tribal communities, resulting in loss of land or livelihood as justification for its activities.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jyoti Punwani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/For-tribals-development-means-exploitation/articleshow/5664400.cms |title='For tribals, development means exploitation' - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2010-03-10 |accessdate=2010-04-09}}</ref> These regions are noted for lack of development; at 30% literacy, the Dantewada district has the lowest literacy rate in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dantewada.gov.in/census.htm |title=Dantewada - Census-2001 At A Glance |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=2010-04-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100323062255/http://dantewada.gov.in/census.htm| archivedate= 23 March 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:06, 14 December 2016

For the May 2010 bus bombing, see 2010 Dantewada bus bombing.
Attacks in Dantewada
Part of Naxalite-Maoist insurgency
Dantewada is located in India
Dantewada
Dantewada
Dantewada (India)
DateApril 6, 2010
Location
Chintalnar village, Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh (India)
Result Naxalite victory
Belligerents
CPI (Maoist)  India (Central Reserve Police Force)
Strength
300[1] – 1,000[2] 86–200+[3]
Casualties and losses
8 killed[4] 76 killed, 8 wounded

The April 2010 Dantewada Maoist attack,[5][6] was an 6 April 2010 ambush by Naxalite-Maoist insurgents from the Communist Party of India (Maoist) near Chintalnar village in Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh, India, leading to the killing of 76 CRPF policemen and 8 Maoists[7] — the deadliest attack by the Maoists on Indian security forces.[2][8][9]

The attack occurred when over 80 officers from the central paramilitary force Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and a local police group were conducting an area domination exercise in the Bastar tribal region of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.[10]

Background

Main article: Naxalite-Maoist insurgency

Indian Maoists, or Naxals, were named after a 1967 leftist armed uprising against the Indian state originating in the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal. The movement had its intellectual roots in the doctrines of Mao Zedong promoting armed overthrow of the ruling class by the peasant and worker class. The original movement had weakened considerably by the 1970s, but it started spreading across a swathe of India's poorest districts, the so-called red corridor, a tribal belt running through the mainly Santhal regions of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa, and then through the Gond and other tribal regions of Andhra Pradesh, into the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh.[11]

Two separate radical leftist groups, the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War party (also known as the People's War Group) and the Maoist Communist Centre merged to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in September 2004. This happened within four months of the end of India's centre-right nationalist BJP-led NDA government and the start of the Congress-led UPA government in alliance with the Left Front (a grouping of India's leftist and communist parties). After the 2009 Indian general election, the Congress-led UPA managed to come to power at the centre without the support of the Left Front or communist parties. Within one month of that election, the Government of India declared the CPI (Maoist) as a designated terrorist organization under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act.[12] A few months later Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that the Maoists pose the biggest internal threat to India's security and their activities had intensified over the previous years.[13]

The insurgency points to the commercial development and industrialization in forest regions that are home to India's tribal communities, resulting in loss of land or livelihood as justification for its activities.[14] These regions are noted for lack of development; at 30% literacy, the Dantewada district has the lowest literacy rate in the nation.[15]

Before the incident at Chintalnar in Dantewada, in March 2007, Maoists were also blamed for the killing of 55 policemen in Chhattisgarh. In the February 2010 Silda camp attack, at least 25 policemen were killed in eastern West Bengal when their camp came under fire. In response to the growing insurgency, Indian paramilitary forces launched a large-scale offensive, popularly known as Operation Green Hunt, against the rebels along the red corridor which includes the Dantewada district.[8]

Dantewada district is a "remote, sparsely-populated and under-developed" area which is regarded as the "nerve center" of the Maoists.[16][17] About 66% of the district's population consists of tribal peoples (known as adivasis). In 2006, The Economist noted that Naxalite-Maoist insurgency is "most intense" in the Dantewada district and linked the popularity of the Maoists among the local populace to the region's lack of development.[16] Indian forces and Maoist insurgents had been involved in numerous skirmishes in the Dantewada district since 2007. In September 2009, Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA) personnel and state police forces killed about 30 Maoist rebels in Dantewada during an intense gun-battle.[18]

Ambush

According to police reports, 300 rebels initially attacked a convoy of the paramilitary Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) in the Talmetla area as they were returning from an operation.[1] India's home minister P Chidambaram said that it appeared that the forces had "walked" into a rebel ambush by returning to the police base via the same route they had come. "Something has gone very wrong. They seem to have walked into a trap set by the [Maoists] and casualties are quite high," he said.[8] Police sources reported that the Maoists triggered two land mines targeting the mine protected vehicles carrying the jawans. The attack took place when the CRPF unit belonging to the 62 Battalion entered the forest for an operation between 6 and 7 am and were ambushed by the Maoists.[19]

Repercussions

The attacks were seen as a setback to efforts to cleanse the eastern parts of the Naxals in order to open up the regions that are rich in iron ore, coal, bauxite and manganese to investment. NMDC Ltd. operates its biggest iron-ore mine, while Essar Steel Ltd. plan a $1.5 billion steel plant in the district. The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) in a statement said "If such activities continue, investments do get impacted and even committed investments would fly away."[20]

CPI activist Kartam Joga was arrested in connection with the attacks on 14 September 2010.[21] His arrest has been controversial[22] and was condemned by Amnesty International, who described the charges as "fabricated" and named him a prisoner of conscience.[23]

Reaction

P Chidambaram, India's home minister, condemned the attack, saying it showed the "savage nature" of the Maoists.[1] The attack was a blow to the Indian government as it comes days after Home Minister P Chidambaram described the rebels as "cowards enacting dramas". Mr Chidambaram has said troops will intensify the offensive if the rebels do not renounce violence and enter peace talks.[8] On 9 April Mr. Chidamabram offered his resignation to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh over the issue, which the Prime Minister rejected.[24]

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) argued for an "all-out offensive" against the Maoists.[25]

The Maoist leader Gopal stated that the attack was conducted as a "direct consequence" to the government's Operation Green Hunt.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Indian police killed by Maoists". Al Jazeera. April 6, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "74 security men killed by Naxals in Chhattisgarh". Ndtv.com. 1970-01-01. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Harmeet Shah Singh (April 6, 2010). "India: Dozens of police dead after Maoist ambush". CNN International.
  4. ^ Sumon K. Chakraborty (2010-04-12). "Massacre Prompts Debate Over India's Maoist War". Time. Dantewada.
  5. ^ "Massacre Prompts Debate Over India's Maoist War". Time. 2010-04-12.
  6. ^ http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/dantewara-massacre-the-post-mortem-19434.php
  7. ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/maoists-slit-throats-of-2-cops-lost-8-of-their-own-in-attack/602158/
  8. ^ a b c d "Scores of Indian soldiers killed in Maoist ambushes". BBC World. 6 April 2010.
  9. ^ "75 security personnel killed in Chhattisgarh Maoist ambush". Times of India. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  10. ^ Aman Sethi; D. Chandra Bhaskar Rao (6 April 2010). "Maoists massacre 74 CRPF men". The Hindu.
  11. ^ "Knowing the reds: a primer on Maoists". Ibnlive.in.com. 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
  12. ^ "CPI (Maoist) included in list of terrorist organizations to avoid any ambiguity". Press Information Bureau.
  13. ^ "CENTRAL/S. ASIA - India weighs Maoist threat". Al Jazeera English. 2009-08-17. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
  14. ^ Jyoti Punwani (2010-03-10). "'For tribals, development means exploitation' - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
  15. ^ "Dantewada - Census-2001 At A Glance". Government of India. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ a b "A spectre haunting India". Economist. 2006-08-17. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-07. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Seven Maoists killed in Chhattisgarh gun battle". Indo-Asian News Service via Thaindian. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  18. ^ "India goes aggressive in fight against Maoist guerrillas". Indo-Asian News Service via Thaindian. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ D. Chandra Bhaskara Rao (6 April 2010). "70 CRPF men killed in Chhattisgarh". The Hindu.
  20. ^ "Naxal Violence to Dent Investor Confidence: Industry". New Delhi: OutlookIndia.com. April 9, 2010.
  21. ^ Aman Seithi (17 September 2010). "Supreme Court petitioner arrested in Chhattisgarh". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  22. ^ Aman Sethi (28 September 2010). "Tarmetla: 'eyewitnesses' accuse police of making up statements". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ "DOCUMENT - INDIA: CHHATTISGARH AUTHORITIES MUST IMMEDIATELY RELEASE PRISONER OF CONSCIENCE KARTAM JOGA". Amnesty International. 1 November 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "Chidambaram offers to resign over Dantewada, PM rejects". New Delhi: Times of India. 9 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  25. ^ "Government outraged over Maoist massacre; BJP wants 'fight to finish'". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "Chhatisgarh attack 'consequence' of Green Hunt: Maoist leader". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2010-04-06.

18°53′22″N 81°20′59″E / 18.88953°N 81.349831°E / 18.88953; 81.349831

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