Tutong language: Difference between revisions
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== Language Use == |
== Language Use == |
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Today, many speakers of Tutong are shifting away from the traditional language and [[Code-mixing|code-mix]] or [[Code-switching|code-shift]] with Brunei Malay, Standard Malay and English.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clynes|first=Adrian|title=Dominant Language Transfer in Minority Language Documentation Projects: Some Examples from Brunei|journal=Language Documentation and Conservation|volume=6}}</ref> The language has been given a vitality rating of 2.5 based on a scale of 0-6 that uses the measures of (1) rate of transmission to future generations, (2) level of official support and (3) geographical |
Today, many speakers of Tutong are shifting away from the traditional language and [[Code-mixing|code-mix]] or [[Code-switching|code-shift]] with Brunei Malay, Standard Malay and English.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clynes|first=Adrian|title=Dominant Language Transfer in Minority Language Documentation Projects: Some Examples from Brunei|journal=Language Documentation and Conservation|volume=6}}</ref> The language has been given a vitality rating of 2.5 based on a scale of 0-6 that uses the measures of (1) rate of transmission to future generations, (2) level of official support and (3) geographical concentration of speakers.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Endangered Languages in Borneo: A Survey among the Iban and Murut (Lun Bawang) in Temburong, Brunei|journal=Oceanic Linguistics|volume=49}}</ref> This means it is considered [[Endangered language|endangered]]. |
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Nonetheless, there is interest in [[Language revitalization|revitalizing]] the language. Since 2012, a module has been taught in Tutong at Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Strategies for revitalizing endangered Borneo languages: A comparison between Negara Brunei Darussalam and Sarawak, Malaysia.|journal=Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal|volume=14}}</ref> Similarly, the ''Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka'' (Brunei's Language Agency) published a Tutong-Malay, Malay-Tutong dictionary in 1991 and a word list of several Brunei languages in 2011.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
Nonetheless, there is interest in [[Language revitalization|revitalizing]] the language. Since 2012, a module has been taught in Tutong at Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Strategies for revitalizing endangered Borneo languages: A comparison between Negara Brunei Darussalam and Sarawak, Malaysia.|journal=Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal|volume=14}}</ref> Similarly, the ''Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka'' (Brunei's Language Agency) published a Tutong-Malay, Malay-Tutong dictionary in 1991 and a word list of several Brunei languages in 2011.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
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Revision as of 17:34, 17 January 2017
| Tutong | |
|---|---|
| Tutong 2 | |
| Region | Brunei |
Native speakers | 17,000 (2006)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ttg |
| Glottolog | tuto1241 |
The Tutong language, also known as Tutong 2, is a language spoken by 16,600 people in Brunei. It is the main language of the Tutong people, the majority ethnic group in the Tutong District of Brunei.
Classification
Tutong is an Austronesian language and belongs to the Rejang-Baram group of languages spoken in Brunei as well as Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Sarawak, Malaysia.[2] Tutong is related to the Belait language and roughly 54% of the words come from a common root.[3]
Language Use
Today, many speakers of Tutong are shifting away from the traditional language and code-mix or code-shift with Brunei Malay, Standard Malay and English.[4] The language has been given a vitality rating of 2.5 based on a scale of 0-6 that uses the measures of (1) rate of transmission to future generations, (2) level of official support and (3) geographical concentration of speakers.[2][5] This means it is considered endangered.
Nonetheless, there is interest in revitalizing the language. Since 2012, a module has been taught in Tutong at Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD).[6] Similarly, the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (Brunei's Language Agency) published a Tutong-Malay, Malay-Tutong dictionary in 1991 and a word list of several Brunei languages in 2011.[2][6]
Resources
- Haji Ramlee Tunggal. 2005. Struktur Bahasa Tutong. Bandar Seri Begawan: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei.
- Noor Azam OKMB Haji-Othman. 2005. Changes in the linguistic diversity of Negara Brunei Darussalam: An ecological perspective. Leicester: University of Leicester dissertation.
References
- ^ Tutong at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c "Whiter the Indigenous Languages of Brunei Darussalam?". Oceanic Linguistics. 34.
- ^ Nothofer, Bernd. 1991 . The languages of Brunei Darussalam. In H. Steinhauer (ed.) Papers in Austronesian Linguistics. Pacific Linguistics A-81:1
- ^ Clynes, Adrian. "Dominant Language Transfer in Minority Language Documentation Projects: Some Examples from Brunei". Language Documentation and Conservation. 6.
- ^ "Endangered Languages in Borneo: A Survey among the Iban and Murut (Lun Bawang) in Temburong, Brunei". Oceanic Linguistics. 49.
- ^ a b "Strategies for revitalizing endangered Borneo languages: A comparison between Negara Brunei Darussalam and Sarawak, Malaysia". Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 14.