Lanthanum hydroxide: Difference between revisions

Lanthanum(III) hydroxide
Names
	IUPAC name Lanthanum(III) hydroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	14507-19-8;
ECHA InfoCard	100.034.994
EC Number	238-510-2;
PubChem CID	5061201;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5065778 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/La.3H2O/h;3*1H2;
Properties
Chemical formula	La(OH)3
Molar mass	189.93 g/mol
Solubility in water	Ksp= 2.00*10−21
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 W
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Lanthanum(III) chloride
Other cations	Cerium(III) hydroxide; Scandium(III) hydroxide; Yttrium(III) hydroxide; Actinium(III) hydroxide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). (what is ?) Infobox references

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Lanthanum hydroxide is La(OH)
₃, a hydroxide of the rare earth element lanthanum.

Synthesis

Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an alkali such as ammonia to aqueous solutions of lanthanum salts such as lanthanum nitrate. This produces a gel-like precipitate that can then be dried in air. ^[1]

\mathrm {La(NO_{3})_{3}\ +\ 3\ NH_{4}OH\ \longrightarrow \ La(OH)_{3}\ +\ 3\ NH_{4}NO_{3}}

Alternatively, it can be produced by hydration reaction (addition of water) to Lanthanum oxide. ^[2]

\mathrm {La_{2}O_{3}\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ La(OH)_{3}}

Characteristics

Lanthanum hydroxide does not react much with alkaline substances, however is slightly soluble in acidic solution. ^[1] In temperatures above 330 °C it decays into Lanthanum peroxide, LaOOH, which, upon further heating, decomposes into Lanthanum oxide. ^[3]

\mathrm {La(OH)_{3}\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{330^{o}C}}\ LaOOH}

\mathrm {2\ LaOOH\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{\Delta }}\ La_{2}O_{3}}

References

^ ^a ^b E.V. Shkolnikov: Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media, in: Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2009, 82 (2), S. 2098–2104.
^ Jiawen Ding, Yanli Wu, Weili Sun, Yongxiu Li: Preparation of La(OH)₃ and La₂O₃ with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La₂O₃, in: Journal of Rare Earths, 2006 August, 24 (4), S. 440-442; doi:10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7.
^ Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher: Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, S. 482; ISBN 978-0-44453123-0.

External links

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[Shkolnikov2009-1] E.V. Shkolnikov: Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media, in: Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2009, 82 (2), S. 2098–2104.

[2] Jiawen Ding, Yanli Wu, Weili Sun, Yongxiu Li: Preparation of La(OH)₃ and La₂O₃ with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La₂O₃, in: Journal of Rare Earths, 2006 August, 24 (4), S. 440-442; doi:10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7.

[3] Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher: Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, S. 482; ISBN 978-0-44453123-0.

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@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 ==Synthesis==
-Lanthanum trioxide can be obtained by adding an [[alkali]] such as [[ammonia]] to aqueous solutions of [[lanthanum salt]]s such as [[lanthanum nitrate]].  This produces a gel-like [[precipitate]] that can then be dried in air. <ref name="Shkolnikov2009">E.V. Shkolnikov: ''Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media'', in: ''[[Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry]]'', '''2009''', ''82''&nbsp;(2), S.&nbsp;2098–2104.</ref>
+Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an [[alkali]] such as [[ammonia]] to aqueous solutions of [[lanthanum salt]]s such as [[lanthanum nitrate]].  This produces a gel-like [[precipitate]] that can then be dried in air. <ref name="Shkolnikov2009">E.V. Shkolnikov: ''Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media'', in: ''[[Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry]]'', '''2009''', ''82''&nbsp;(2), S.&nbsp;2098–2104.</ref>
 : <math>\mathrm{La(NO_3)_3 \ + \ 3\ NH_4OH \ \longrightarrow \ La(OH)_3 \ + \ 3\ NH_4NO_3}</math>
-Alternatively, it can be produced by [[hydration reaction]] (addition of water) to [[Lanthanum dioxide]]. <ref>Jiawen Ding, Yanli Wu, Weili Sun, Yongxiu Li: ''Preparation of La(OH)<sub>3</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>'', in: ''[[Journal of Rare Earths]]'', '''2006''' August, ''24''&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;440-442; {{DOI|10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7}}.</ref>
+Alternatively, it can be produced by [[hydration reaction]] (addition of water) to [[Lanthanum oxide]]. <ref>Jiawen Ding, Yanli Wu, Weili Sun, Yongxiu Li: ''Preparation of La(OH)<sub>3</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>'', in: ''[[Journal of Rare Earths]]'', '''2006''' August, ''24''&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;440-442; {{DOI|10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7}}.</ref>
 : <math>\mathrm{La_2O_3 \ + \ 3\ H_2O \ \longrightarrow \ 2\ La(OH)_3}</math>