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==Censorship by country==
==Censorship by country==
===Bangladesh===
===Bangladesh===
:''See also: [[Internet in Bangladesh#Internet censorship and surveillance|Internet censorship and surveillance in Bangladesh]]''
{{See also|Internet in Bangladesh#Internet censorship and surveillance|l1=Internet censorship and surveillance in Bangladesh}}


In June 2006, the government of Bangladesh issued a restraining order preventing [[Sigma Huda]], U.N. special [[rapporteur]] on [[Trafficking in human beings|trafficking in persons]], from leaving the country to deliver a key report on trafficking before the [[Human Rights Council]] in Geneva on June 11, 2007.<ref name=SigmaHuda>[http://newsblaze.com/story/20070608095430leon.nb/topstory.html "Details on Sigma Huda"], Janice Raymond, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women International, in News Blaze, 8 June 2007</ref> The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights [[Louise Arbour]], 2007, asked Bangladesh to clarify corruption charges against a U.N. human rights investigator, which will prevent her from addressing the main U.N. rights body.<ref>[http://in.reuters.com/article/2007/06/07/bangladesh-un-rights-idINL0782673720070607 "UN rights boss asks Bangladesh about graft charges", Reuters, 7 June 2007]</ref> The [[Coalition Against Trafficking in Women]] issued a statement calling this "an outrage and a violation of her right to freedom of movement and freedom of speech".<ref name=SigmaHuda/>
In June 2006, the government of Bangladesh issued a restraining order preventing [[Sigma Huda]], U.N. special [[rapporteur]] on [[Trafficking in human beings|trafficking in persons]], from leaving the country to deliver a key report on trafficking before the [[Human Rights Council]] in Geneva on 11 June 2007.<ref name=SigmaHuda>[http://newsblaze.com/story/20070608095430leon.nb/topstory.html "Details on Sigma Huda"], Janice Raymond, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women International, in News Blaze, 8 June 2007</ref> The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights [[Louise Arbour]], 2007, asked Bangladesh to clarify corruption charges against a U.N. human rights investigator, which will prevent her from addressing the main U.N. rights body.<ref>{{cite news |title=UN rights boss asks Bangladesh about graft charges |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2007/06/07/bangladesh-un-rights-idINL0782673720070607 |work=Reuters |date=7 June 2007}}</ref> The [[Coalition Against Trafficking in Women]] issued a statement calling this "an outrage and a violation of her right to freedom of movement and freedom of speech".<ref name=SigmaHuda/>


Selective blocking of web sites for brief periods has been reported, including:
Selective blocking of web sites for brief periods has been reported, including:
* The Bangla blogging platform Sachalayatan during July 2008,
* The Bangla blogging platform Sachalayatan during July 2008
* [[YouTube]] during March 2009<ref name=ONIRO-Asia>[http://opennet.net/research/regions/asia "ONI Regional Overview: Asia"], OpenNet Initiative, June 2009</ref><ref>
* [[YouTube]] during March 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://opennet.net/research/regions/asia |title=ONI Regional Overview: Asia |date=June 2009 |website=OpenNet Initiative}}</ref>
* [[Facebook]] in May 2010,[http://opennet.net/blog/2010/06/pakistan-lifts-facebook-ban-bangladesh-cracks-down "Pakistan Lifts Facebook Ban; Bangladesh Cracks Down"], Rebekah Heacock, OpenNet Initiative, 1 June 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=140613 "Facebook blocked"], ''The Daily Star'', 30 May 2010</ref>
* [[Facebook]] in May 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://opennet.net/blog/2010/06/pakistan-lifts-facebook-ban-bangladesh-cracks-down |title=Pakistan Lifts Facebook Ban; Bangladesh Cracks Down |author=Rebekah Heacock |date=1 June 2010 |website=OpenNet Initiative}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Facebook blocked |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=140613 |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=30 May 2010}}</ref>
* [[YouTube]] again in September 2012 was blocked for refusing to remove the controversial ''[[Innocence of Muslims]]'' movie trailer.<ref name=Innocence_Muslims-1>{{cite news|title=YouTube blocked in Bangladesh|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=250214|accessdate=7 April 2013|newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)]]|date=17 September 2012}}</ref>
* [[YouTube]] again in September 2012 was blocked for refusing to remove the controversial ''[[Innocence of Muslims]]'' movie trailer<ref>{{cite news |title=YouTube blocked in Bangladesh |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=250214 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=17 September 2012 |accessdate=7 April 2013}}</ref>


Later these blocks were removed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bangladesh Blocks Access to YouTube|url=http://opennet.net/blog/2009/03/bangladesh-blocks-access-youtube|publisher=OpenNet Initiative|date=22 March 2009 |accessdate=30 June 2012}}</ref>
Later these blocks were removed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Blocks Access to YouTube |url=http://opennet.net/blog/2009/03/bangladesh-blocks-access-youtube |date=22 March 2009 |website=OpenNet Initiative |accessdate=30 June 2012}}</ref>


Several books of the Bangladeshi writer [[Taslima Nasrin]] have been banned in [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>[http://taslimanasrin.com/tn_bannedbooks.html "Taslima's Banned Books"]. Retrieved 14 November 2013.</ref>
Several books of the Bangladeshi writer [[Taslima Nasrin]] have been banned in [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>[http://taslimanasrin.com/tn_bannedbooks.html "Taslima's Banned Books"]. Retrieved 14 November 2013.</ref>
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India is listed as engaged in selective [[Internet censorship|Internet filtering]] in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas and no evidence of filtering was found in the political and social areas by the [[OpenNet Initiative]] (ONI) in May 2007.<ref name=ONICountryProfiles-India/> ONI states that:
India is listed as engaged in selective [[Internet censorship|Internet filtering]] in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas and no evidence of filtering was found in the political and social areas by the [[OpenNet Initiative]] (ONI) in May 2007.<ref name=ONICountryProfiles-India/> ONI states that:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
As a stable democracy with strong protections for press freedom, India’s experiments with Internet filtering have been brought into the fold of public discourse. The selective censorship of Web sites and blogs since 2003, made even more disjointed by the non-uniform responses of Internet service providers (ISPs), has inspired a clamor of opposition. Clearly government regulation and implementation of filtering are still evolving. … Amidst widespread speculation in the media and blogosphere about the state of filtering in India, the sites actually blocked indicate that while the filtering system in place yields inconsistent results, it nevertheless continues to be aligned with and driven by government efforts. Government attempts at filtering have not been entirely effective, as blocked content has quickly migrated to other Web sites and users have found ways to circumvent filtering. The government has also been criticized for a poor understanding of the technical feasibility of censorship and for haphazardly choosing which Web sites to block. The amended IT Act, absolving intermediaries from being responsible for third-party created content, could signal stronger government monitoring in the future.<ref name=ONICountryProfiles-India>[http://opennet.net/research/profiles/india "ONI Country Profile: India"], OpenNet Initiative, 9 May 2007</ref>
As a stable democracy with strong protections for press freedom, India’s experiments with Internet filtering have been brought into the fold of public discourse. The selective censorship of Web sites and blogs since 2003, made even more disjointed by the non-uniform responses of Internet service providers (ISPs), has inspired a clamor of opposition. Clearly government regulation and implementation of filtering are still evolving. … Amidst widespread speculation in the media and blogosphere about the state of filtering in India, the sites actually blocked indicate that while the filtering system in place yields inconsistent results, it nevertheless continues to be aligned with and driven by government efforts. Government attempts at filtering have not been entirely effective, as blocked content has quickly migrated to other Web sites and users have found ways to circumvent filtering. The government has also been criticized for a poor understanding of the technical feasibility of censorship and for haphazardly choosing which Web sites to block. The amended IT Act, absolving intermediaries from being responsible for third-party created content, could signal stronger government monitoring in the future.<ref name=ONICountryProfiles-India>{{cite web |url=http://opennet.net/research/profiles/india |title=ONI Country Profile: India |date=9 May 2007 |website=OpenNet Initiative}}</ref>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


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The [[OpenNet Initiative]] listed [[Internet censorship|Internet filtering]] in [[Pakistan]] as substantial in the social and conflict/security areas, as selective in the Internet tools area, and as suspected in the political area in December 2010.<ref name=ONI-Pakistan/>
The [[OpenNet Initiative]] listed [[Internet censorship|Internet filtering]] in [[Pakistan]] as substantial in the social and conflict/security areas, as selective in the Internet tools area, and as suspected in the political area in December 2010.<ref name=ONI-Pakistan/>


In late 2010 Pakistanis enjoyed unimpeded access to most sexual, political, social, and religious content on the Internet. Although the Pakistani government does not employ a sophisticated blocking system, a limitation which has led to collateral blocks on entire domains such as Blogspot.com and YouTube.com, it continues to block Web sites containing content it considers to be blasphemous, anti-Islamic, or threatening to internal security. Pakistan has blocked access to websites critical of the government.<ref name=ONI-Pakistan>[http://opennet.net/research/profiles/pakistan "ONI Country Profile: Pakistan"], OpenNet Initiative, 26 December 2010</ref>
In late 2010 Pakistanis enjoyed unimpeded access to most sexual, political, social, and religious content on the Internet. Although the Pakistani government does not employ a sophisticated blocking system, a limitation which has led to collateral blocks on entire domains such as Blogspot.com and YouTube.com, it continues to block Web sites containing content it considers to be blasphemous, anti-Islamic, or threatening to internal security. Pakistan has blocked access to websites critical of the government.<ref name=ONI-Pakistan>{{cite web |url=http://opennet.net/research/profiles/pakistan |title=ONI Country Profile: Pakistan |date=26 December 2010 |website=OpenNet Initiative}}</ref>


In early March 2006, the government temporarily had all websites hosted at the popular blogging service [[Blogger.com]] [http://www.dawn.com.pk/2006/03/03/nat1.htm blocked]. Millions of websites from all over the world are hosted at blogspot, along with thousands of Pakistani ones. This step by the government is possibly due to the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy]], as some blogspot websites put up copies of the cartoons.
In early March 2006, the government temporarily had all websites hosted at the popular blogging service [[Blogger.com]] blocked.<ref>{{cite news |title=Blasphemous websites be blocked, orders SC |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/181278/blasphemous-websites-be-blocked-orders-sc |newspaper=Dawn |date=3 March 2006}}</ref> Millions of websites from all over the world are hosted at blogspot, along with thousands of Pakistani ones. This step by the government is possibly due to the [[Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy]], as some blogspot websites put up copies of the cartoons.


=== Sri Lanka ===
=== Sri Lanka ===
[[Sri Lanka]] is listed as a country "under surveillance" by [[Reporters Without Borders]] in 2011.<ref name=RWBEnemies>[http://en.rsf.org/surveillance-sri-lanka,39720.html "Countries Under Survanence: Sri Lanka"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518091221/http://en.rsf.org/surveillance-sri-lanka,39720.html |date=May 18, 2011 }}, Reporters Without Borders, March 2011</ref>
[[Sri Lanka]] is listed as a country "under surveillance" by [[Reporters Without Borders]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.rsf.org/surveillance-sri-lanka,39720.html |title=Countries Under Survanence: Sri Lanka |date=March 2011 |website=Reporters Without Borders |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518091221/http://en.rsf.org/surveillance-sri-lanka,39720.html |archive-date=18 May 2011}}</ref>


Several political and news websites, including tamilnet.com and lankanewsweb.com, have been blocked within the country.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6221844.stm "Popular Tamil website 'blocked'"], ''BBC News'', 20 June 2007</ref> [[Tamilnet]] has been producing news about the [[Sri Lankan civil war]], focusing in the north and the east of the country, and is seen by the government as a [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Pro-LTTE]] news website. A government spokesman has said that he is looking to hire hackers to disable Tamilnet.
Several political and news websites, including tamilnet.com and lankanewsweb.com, have been blocked within the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Popular Tamil website 'blocked' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6221844.stm |work=BBC News |date=20 June 2007}}</ref> [[Tamilnet]] has been producing news about the [[Sri Lankan civil war]], focusing in the north and the east of the country, and is seen by the government as a [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Pro-LTTE]] news website. A government spokesman has said that he is looking to hire hackers to disable Tamilnet.
<ref name=ex3>{{cite web
<ref name=ex3>{{cite web
| last =
| last =
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== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Banned books]]
* [[Banned books]]
⚫
* [[Banned films]]<sup>''All films banned as rated as "Adults Only" in Sri Lanka from August 2009. "Aksharaya" By Asoka Handagama in Sri Lanka from 2008.''</sup>
* [[Banned films]]
* [[Salman Rushdie]]
⚫
<sup>''All films banned as rated as "Adults Only" in Sri Lanka from August 2009.
"Aksharaya" By Asoka Handagama in Sri Lanka from 2008.''</sup>*[[Salman Rushdie]]
* [[Media bias in South Asia]]
* [[Media bias in South Asia]]
* [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]]
* [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]]

Revision as of 16:12, 18 February 2017

Part of a series on
Censorship by country
A censorship symbol
Countries
List
See also

Censorship in South Asia can apply to books, movies, the Internet and other media. Censorship occurs on religious, moral and political grounds, which is controversial in itself as the latter especially is seen as contrary to the tenets of democracy, in terms of freedom of speech and the right to freely criticise the government.

Censorship by country

Bangladesh

See also: Internet censorship and surveillance in Bangladesh

In June 2006, the government of Bangladesh issued a restraining order preventing Sigma Huda, U.N. special rapporteur on trafficking in persons, from leaving the country to deliver a key report on trafficking before the Human Rights Council in Geneva on 11 June 2007.[1] The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour, 2007, asked Bangladesh to clarify corruption charges against a U.N. human rights investigator, which will prevent her from addressing the main U.N. rights body.[2] The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women issued a statement calling this "an outrage and a violation of her right to freedom of movement and freedom of speech".[1]

Selective blocking of web sites for brief periods has been reported, including:

Later these blocks were removed.[7]

Several books of the Bangladeshi writer Taslima Nasrin have been banned in Bangladesh and West Bengal.[8]

India

Main articles: Censorship in India and Internet censorship in India

Several books critical of religion have been banned in India or in parts of India as a precautionary measure to prevent riots or other form of violence. India was the second country in the world to ban The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie. The book Understanding Islam through Hadis by Ram Swarup was also banned.

India is listed as engaged in selective Internet filtering in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas and no evidence of filtering was found in the political and social areas by the OpenNet Initiative (ONI) in May 2007.[9] ONI states that:

As a stable democracy with strong protections for press freedom, India’s experiments with Internet filtering have been brought into the fold of public discourse. The selective censorship of Web sites and blogs since 2003, made even more disjointed by the non-uniform responses of Internet service providers (ISPs), has inspired a clamor of opposition. Clearly government regulation and implementation of filtering are still evolving. … Amidst widespread speculation in the media and blogosphere about the state of filtering in India, the sites actually blocked indicate that while the filtering system in place yields inconsistent results, it nevertheless continues to be aligned with and driven by government efforts. Government attempts at filtering have not been entirely effective, as blocked content has quickly migrated to other Web sites and users have found ways to circumvent filtering. The government has also been criticized for a poor understanding of the technical feasibility of censorship and for haphazardly choosing which Web sites to block. The amended IT Act, absolving intermediaries from being responsible for third-party created content, could signal stronger government monitoring in the future.[9]

Pakistan

Main articles: Censorship in Pakistan and Internet censorship in Pakistan

The OpenNet Initiative listed Internet filtering in Pakistan as substantial in the social and conflict/security areas, as selective in the Internet tools area, and as suspected in the political area in December 2010.[10]

In late 2010 Pakistanis enjoyed unimpeded access to most sexual, political, social, and religious content on the Internet. Although the Pakistani government does not employ a sophisticated blocking system, a limitation which has led to collateral blocks on entire domains such as Blogspot.com and YouTube.com, it continues to block Web sites containing content it considers to be blasphemous, anti-Islamic, or threatening to internal security. Pakistan has blocked access to websites critical of the government.[10]

In early March 2006, the government temporarily had all websites hosted at the popular blogging service Blogger.com blocked.[11] Millions of websites from all over the world are hosted at blogspot, along with thousands of Pakistani ones. This step by the government is possibly due to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, as some blogspot websites put up copies of the cartoons.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is listed as a country "under surveillance" by Reporters Without Borders in 2011.[12]

Several political and news websites, including tamilnet.com and lankanewsweb.com, have been blocked within the country.[13] Tamilnet has been producing news about the Sri Lankan civil war, focusing in the north and the east of the country, and is seen by the government as a Pro-LTTE news website. A government spokesman has said that he is looking to hire hackers to disable Tamilnet. [14]

The Sri Lanka courts have ordered hundreds of adult sites blocked to "protect women and children".[15][16]

In October and November 2011 the Sri Lankan Telecommunication Regulatory Commission blocked the five websites, www.lankaenews.com, srilankamirror.com, srilankaguardian.com, paparacigossip9.com, and www.lankawaynews.com, for what the government alleges as publishing reports that amount to "character assassination and violating individual privacy" and damaging the character of President Mahinda Rajapaksa, ministers and senior government officials. The five sites have published material critical of the government and alleged corruption and malfeasance by politicians.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Details on Sigma Huda", Janice Raymond, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women International, in News Blaze, 8 June 2007
  2. ^ "UN rights boss asks Bangladesh about graft charges". Reuters. 7 June 2007.
  3. ^ "ONI Regional Overview: Asia". OpenNet Initiative. June 2009.
  4. ^ Rebekah Heacock (1 June 2010). "Pakistan Lifts Facebook Ban; Bangladesh Cracks Down". OpenNet Initiative.
  5. ^ "Facebook blocked". The Daily Star. 30 May 2010.
  6. ^ "YouTube blocked in Bangladesh". The Daily Star. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  7. ^ "Bangladesh Blocks Access to YouTube". OpenNet Initiative. 22 March 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  8. ^ "Taslima's Banned Books". Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  9. ^ a b "ONI Country Profile: India". OpenNet Initiative. 9 May 2007.
  10. ^ a b "ONI Country Profile: Pakistan". OpenNet Initiative. 26 December 2010.
  11. ^ "Blasphemous websites be blocked, orders SC". Dawn. 3 March 2006.
  12. ^ "Countries Under Survanence: Sri Lanka". Reporters Without Borders. March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011.
  13. ^ "Popular Tamil website 'blocked'". BBC News. 20 June 2007.
  14. ^ "Sri Lanka seeks hackers to down pro-Tiger website". Agence France-Presse (AFP). 20 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
  15. ^ "Sri Lanka court blocks porn websites", The Colombo Times, 25 July 2009
  16. ^ "Sri Lanka bans over 100 porn websites featuring locals", ColomboPage: Sri Lanka Internet Newspaper, 26 August 2010
  17. ^ Mallawarachi, Bharatha (7 November 2011). "Sri Lanka blocks 5 news websites over 'insults'". Deseret News. Associated Press.
India
Sri Lanka
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