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|image_size=250
|image_size=250
|caption=Theo Osterkamp
|caption=Theo Osterkamp
|nickname=''Onkel'' (Uncle)
|nickname=''Onkel'' (Uncle){{sfn|Van Wyngarden|2004|p=24}}
|allegiance={{unbulleted list| {{flag|German Empire}} (to 1918) | {{flag|Weimar Republic}} (to 1933) | {{flag|Nazi Germany}}}}
|allegiance={{unbulleted list| {{flag|German Empire}} (to 1918) | {{flag|Weimar Republic}} (to 1933) | {{flag|Nazi Germany}}}}
|branch={{navy|German Empire}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Regulation WW II Upperwing Balkenkreuz.png}} [[Luftwaffe]]
|branch={{navy|German Empire}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Regulation WW II Upperwing Balkenkreuz.png}} [[Luftwaffe]]
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** 2nd Class {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}}
** 2nd Class {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}}
** 1st Class {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}}
** 1st Class {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}}
* [[House Order of Hohenzollern|Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords]] {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}}
* [[House Order of Hohenzollern|Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords]] {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}}{{sfn|Van Wyngarden|2004|p=23}}
* [[Baltic Cross]]
* [[Baltic Cross]]
** 2nd Class
** 2nd Class
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** 2nd Class
** 2nd Class
** 1st Class
** 1st Class
* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}} on 22 August 1940 as ''[[Generalmajor]]'' and ''[[Jagdfliegerführer 2|Jagdfliegerführer]]'' of [[Luftflotte 2]]<ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 330.</ref>{{refn|According to Scherzer as ''[[Jagdfliegerführer 1]]'' for his achievements as ''[[Geschwaderkommodore]]'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 51]].<ref>Scherzer 2007, p. 579.</ref>|group="Note"}}
* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}}{{sfn|Van Wyngarden|2004|p=24}} on 22 August 1940 as ''[[Generalmajor]]'' and ''[[Jagdfliegerführer 2|Jagdfliegerführer]]'' of [[Luftflotte 2]]<ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 330.</ref>{{refn|According to Scherzer as ''[[Jagdfliegerführer 1]]'' for his achievements as ''[[Geschwaderkommodore]]'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 51]].<ref>Scherzer 2007, p. 579.</ref>|group="Note"}}
* [[Cuff title|Ärmelband Afrika]]
* [[Cuff title|Ärmelband Afrika]]


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* {{citation |title=Naval Aces of World War 1 part 2 (Aircraft of the Aces 104) |last=Guttman |first=Jon|year=2003 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn= 9781849086646 }}
* {{citation |title=Naval Aces of World War 1 part 2 (Aircraft of the Aces 104) |last=Guttman |first=Jon|year=2003 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn= 9781849086646 }}
* {{citation |title= Jagdgeschwader 51 ‘Mölders’ (Aviation Elite Units 22) |last=Weal |first=John|year=2006 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn= 9781846030451 }}
* {{citation |title= Jagdgeschwader 51 ‘Mölders’ (Aviation Elite Units 22) |last=Weal |first=John|year=2006 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn= 9781846030451 }}
* {{citation |title=Fokker D VII Aces of World War 1 (part 2) |last1=Van Wyngarden |last2=Franks |first1=Greg |first2=Norman|year=2004 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn= 9781841767291 }}


===Citations===
===Citations===

Revision as of 14:49, 22 February 2017

Theo Osterkamp
Theo Osterkamp
Nickname(s)Onkel (Uncle)[1]
Born(1892-04-15)15 April 1892
Düren, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died2 February 1975(1975-02-02) (aged 82)
Baden-Baden, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany
Allegiance
Service / branch Imperial German Navy
Luftwaffe
Years of service1914–44
RankGeneralmajor
UnitJG 51
CommandsJG 51
Battles / wars
Awards

Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp (15 April 1892 – 2 January 1975)[2][3]was a World War I and World War II Luftwaffe fighter ace. He achieved 32 victories in World War I.[3] In World War II, he led Jagdgeschwader 51 through the Battle of Britain and claimed a further 6 victories, in the process becoming one of only a few men to score victories in both world wars.

Early life and World War I

Osterkamp was born in Aschersleben,[2] modern day Saxony-Anhalt. When the First World War started he was studying forestry but decided to enlist in the German Army.[2] He was rejected for service due to his "slight build"[2] and he instead enlisted in the Marinefliegerkorps in August 1914.[2] He then flew with the 2. Marine-Fliegerabteilung in Flanders. During 1915–1916, he served as an air observer, and became the first German pilot to fly a land-based aircraft to England on a reconnaissance-mission. In March 1917, he joined the Kampffliegerschule (Combat pilot school) in Putzig and then joined the Marine Feld Jagdstaffel 1 on the 14th of April 1917[2] On 21st March 1917, Leutnant Osterkamp took command over Marine Feld Jagdstaffel 2 [4] He scored a total of 32 victories during the war,[3] and was awarded the Prussian military order Pour le Mérite[3] on 2 September 1918, and was the last individual to receive it.

Interwar years

Wedding of Theodor Osterkamp with Fel Gudrun Pagge in Eppendorf, Hamburg

Osterkamp joined the new Luftwaffe on August 1st 1933 with the rank of Hauptmann. [5] He also participated in the second, third and fourth FAI International Tourist Plane Contest Challenge 1930 (11th place), Challenge 1932 (12th place) and Challenge 1934 (5th place). By the time the war broke out in September 1939 he was a Oberstleutnant in command of the Jagdfliegerschule 1 (JF1)[5].

World War II

On 19 September 1939, Oberst Osterkamp was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing).[Note 1][5] During the Battle of France, he claimed four victories. During the Kanalkampf period of the Battle of Britain in July 1940, he claimed a further two victories, (a Bristol Blenheim on 1 June and a Spitfire on 13 July 1940) bringing his total to six. He was replaced as commander of JG 51 by Werner Mölders on 23 July with the latter formally taking command on the 27th of July. [6][7] Promoted to Generalmajor, Osterkamp was awarded his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 August 1940.[8] Following his replacement in JG 51, Osterkamp was appointed Jagdfliegerführer 2, the commander of fighter aircraft in Luftflotte 2.[9]

On 1 August 1942, he was transferred to Luftgaustab z.b.V. Afrika. On 5 April 1943, he was appointed Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien and served until replaced on 15 July by Adolf Galland. He then served in a number of staff positions until being appointed Inspekteur der Luftwaffen-Bodenorganisation (Inspector of Luftwaffe ground organisation) in 1944. After criticism from High Command, he was dismissed from the service on 21 December 1944.

Post-war career

In 1960, he was appointed honorary chairman of the Gemeinschaft der Jagdflieger, the Association of Fighter Pilots.[10]

Awards and decorations

See also

Pilots who flew in combat in both World Wars

Notes

  1. ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  2. ^ According to Scherzer as Jagdfliegerführer 1 for his achievements as Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 51.[13]

References

  • Guttman, Jon (2003), Naval Aces of World War 1 part 2 (Aircraft of the Aces 104), Osprey Publishing, ISBN 9781849086646
  • Weal, John (2006), Jagdgeschwader 51 ‘Mölders’ (Aviation Elite Units 22), Osprey Publishing, ISBN 9781846030451
  • Van Wyngarden, Greg; Franks, Norman (2004), Fokker D VII Aces of World War 1 (part 2), Osprey Publishing, ISBN 9781841767291

Citations

  1. ^ a b Van Wyngarden 2004, p. 24.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Guttman 2012, p. 33.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Guttman 2012, p. 55.
  4. ^ Guttman 2012, p. 39.
  5. ^ a b c Weal 2006, p. 7.
  6. ^ Weal 2006, p. 26.
  7. ^ Weal 2006, p. 27.
  8. ^ Weal 2006, p. 31.
  9. ^ See Luftwaffe Organization
  10. ^ "Namhafte Persönlichkeiten". Gemeinschaft der Flieger deutscher Streitkräfte e.V. (in German). Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  11. ^ Van Wyngarden 2004, p. 23.
  12. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 330.
  13. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 579.

Bibliography

  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Guttman, Jon (2012). Naval Aces of World War 1 part 2 (Aircraft of the Aces 104). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781849086646.
Military offices
Preceded by
none
 Commander of Jagdgeschwader 51 Mölders
25 November 1939 – 23 July 1940 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
unknown
 Commander of Jagdfliegerführer 1
22 July 1940 – 1 January 1941 		Succeeded by
unknown
Preceded by Commander of Jagdfliegerführer 2
1 December 1940 – 1 August 1941 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Acting Commander of Fliegerführer Afrika
April 1942 – 12 April 1942 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
none
 Commander of Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien
5 April 1943 – 15 June 1943 		Succeeded by
Generalleutnant Adolf Galland
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