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NSAIDs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and [[inflammation]]. They work by reducing the levels of [[prostaglandin]]s, which are chemicals that are responsible for pain and the fever and tenderness that occur with inflammation. Etodolac blocks the [[cyclooxygenase]] (abbrev. COX) enzymes which form [[prostanoid]]s, resulting in lower concentrations of [[prostaglandin]]s. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.
NSAIDs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and [[inflammation]]. They work by reducing the levels of [[prostaglandin]]s, which are chemicals that are responsible for pain and the fever and tenderness that occur with inflammation. Etodolac blocks the [[cyclooxygenase]] (abbrev. COX) enzymes which form [[prostanoid]]s, resulting in lower concentrations of [[prostaglandin]]s. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.


⚫
Post-marketing studies demonstrated that etodolac inhibition of cyclooxygenase is somewhat [[COX-2]] selective <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Warner|first1=TD|last2=Giuliano|first2=F|last3=Vojnovic|first3=I|last4=Bukasa|first4=A|last5=Mitchell|first5=JA|last6=Vane|first6=JR|title=Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase-1 rather than cyclo-oxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal toxicity: a full in vitro analysis.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=22 June 1999|volume=96|issue=13|pages=7563-8|pmid=10377455|pmc=22126}}</ref> similar to [[celecoxib]] and other "[[COX-2 inhibitor]]s." Unlike [[rofecoxib]], both etodolac and celecoxib can fully inhibit [[COX-1]] and are designated as having "preferential selectivity" toward COX-2. The R-[[enantiomer]] of etodolac is inactive against COX enzymes, but inhibits [[beta-catenin]] levels in [[hepatoma]] cells.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17275129|year=2007|last1=Behari|first1=J|last2=Zeng|first2=G|last3=Otruba|first3=W|last4=Thompson|first4=MD|last5=Muller|first5=P|last6=Micsenyi|first6=A|last7=Sekhon|first7=SS|last8=Leoni|first8=L|last9=Monga|first9=SP|title=R-Etodolac Decreases Beta-Catenin Levels Along with Survival and Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells|volume=46|issue=5|pages=849–57|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.017|pmc=1924913|journal=Journal of hepatology}}</ref>
Post-marketing studies demonstrated that etodolac inhibition of cyclooxygenase is somewhat [[COX-2]] selective <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/96/13/7563.short|title=Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase-1 rather than cyclo-oxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal
⚫
toxicity: A full in vitro analysis|author=Timothy D. Warner|work=pnas.org}}</ref> similar to [[celecoxib]] and other "[[COX-2 inhibitor]]s." Unlike [[rofecoxib]], both etodolac and celecoxib can fully inhibit [[COX-1]] and are designated as having "preferential selectivity" toward COX-2. The R-[[enantiomer]] of etodolac is inactive against COX enzymes, but inhibits [[beta-catenin]] levels in [[hepatoma]] cells.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17275129|year=2007|last1=Behari|first1=J|last2=Zeng|first2=G|last3=Otruba|first3=W|last4=Thompson|first4=MD|last5=Muller|first5=P|last6=Micsenyi|first6=A|last7=Sekhon|first7=SS|last8=Leoni|first8=L|last9=Monga|first9=SP|title=R-Etodolac Decreases Beta-Catenin Levels Along with Survival and Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells|volume=46|issue=5|pages=849–57|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.017|pmc=1924913|journal=Journal of hepatology}}</ref>


==Indications==
==Indications==

Revision as of 00:15, 24 February 2017

Etodolac
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa692015
Pregnancy
category
  • C
Routes of
administration		oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: WARNING[1]Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding100%
Metabolismliver
Elimination half-life7.3 ± 4.0 hours
Excretionrenal
Identifiers
  • (RS)-2-(1,8-Diethyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)acetic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.157.848 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H21NO3
Molar mass287.35 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point145 to 148 °C (293 to 298 °F)
Solubility in water3.92e-02 mg/mL [ALOGPS] mg/mL (20 °C)
  • O=C(O)CC3(OCCc2c3nc1c(cccc12)CC)CC
  • InChI=1S/C17H21NO3/c1-3-11-6-5-7-12-13-8-9-21-17(4-2,10-14(19)20)16(13)18-15(11)12/h5-7,18H,3-4,8-10H2,1-2H3,(H,19,20) checkY
  • Key:NNYBQONXHNTVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)
Generic etodolac

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in January 1991.[2]

As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is less than 25 USD.[3]

Medical uses

See also: NSAIDs

NSAIDs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. They work by reducing the levels of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that are responsible for pain and the fever and tenderness that occur with inflammation. Etodolac blocks the cyclooxygenase (abbrev. COX) enzymes which form prostanoids, resulting in lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.

Post-marketing studies demonstrated that etodolac inhibition of cyclooxygenase is somewhat COX-2 selective [4] similar to celecoxib and other "COX-2 inhibitors." Unlike rofecoxib, both etodolac and celecoxib can fully inhibit COX-1 and are designated as having "preferential selectivity" toward COX-2. The R-enantiomer of etodolac is inactive against COX enzymes, but inhibits beta-catenin levels in hepatoma cells.[5]

Indications

Etodolac is licensed for the treatment of inflammation and pain caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.[6]

Interactions

Etodolac should be avoided by patients with a history of asthma attacks, hives, or other allergic reactions to aspirin or other NSAIDs. Rare but severe allergic reactions have been reported in such individuals. It also should be avoided by patients with peptic ulcer disease or poor kidney function, since this medication can worsen both conditions. Etodolac is used with caution in patients taking blood thinning medications (anticoagulants), such as warfarin (Coumadin), because it increases the risk of bleeding. Patients taking both lithium and etodolac may develop toxic blood lithium levels. Additionally, etodolac has been found to interact with certain anti-depressant medications, such as sertraline or fluoxetine, which can increase risks of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular conditions. Patients also taking ciclosporin (Sandimmune) can develop kidney toxicity. Use in children has not been adequately studied. Etodolac is not habit-forming. NSAIDs should be discontinued prior to elective surgery because of a mild interference with clotting that is characteristic of this group of medicines. Etodolac is best discontinued at least four days in advance of surgery.

Box, strip and tablet of etodolac (Lodine SR) 600mg

Pregnancy and nursing

Etodolac is generally avoided during pregnancy and nursing. NSAIDs may cause adverse cardiovascular effects in the fetus during pregnancy. [2]

Brand names

Etodolac is manufactured by Almirall Limited under the trade name Lodine SR[7] and by Meda Pharmaceuticals under the name Eccoxolac.[8] Generic etodolac is also available.[9]

The drug is also sold under several other brand names, including:

References

  1. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
  2. ^ a b Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD. "etodolac, Lodine (Discontinued): Drug Facts, Side Effects and Dosing". MedicineNet.
  3. ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 7. ISBN 9781284057560.
  4. ^ Warner, TD; Giuliano, F; Vojnovic, I; Bukasa, A; Mitchell, JA; Vane, JR (22 June 1999). "Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase-1 rather than cyclo-oxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal toxicity: a full in vitro analysis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (13): 7563–8. PMC 22126. PMID 10377455.
  5. ^ Behari, J; Zeng, G; Otruba, W; Thompson, MD; Muller, P; Micsenyi, A; Sekhon, SS; Leoni, L; Monga, SP (2007). "R-Etodolac Decreases Beta-Catenin Levels Along with Survival and Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells". Journal of hepatology. 46 (5): 849–57. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.017. PMC 1924913. PMID 17275129.
  6. ^ BNF 55 - Etodolac
  7. ^ "Lodine SR". medicines.org.uk.
  8. ^ "Eccoxolac". medicines.org.uk.
  9. ^ BNF 55: Etodolac preparations
  10. ^ ":: Apsen ::". apsen.com.br.
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