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{{About|sexual practices between males|sexual practices between females|Lesbian sexual practices}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2013}}
[[File:Édouard-Henri Avril anal sex detail.jpg|thumb|19th-century erotic interpretation of [[Hadrian]] and [[Antinous]] (detail), by [[Édouard-Henri Avril|Paul Avril]]]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2012}}
'''Gay sexual practices''' are [[Human sexual activity|sexual activities]] involving [[men who have sex with men]] (MSM), regardless of their [[sexual orientation]] or [[sexual identity]]. The authors of the [[Kinsey Reports]] state that 37% of their male subjects had at least one homosexual experience.<ref>Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, p. 656</ref> Evidence shows that sex between men is significantly underreported in surveys due to [[social desirability bias]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Turner CF, Ku L, Rogers SM, Lindberg LD, Pleck JH, Sonenstein FL |title=Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: increased reporting with computer survey technology |journal=Science |volume=280 |issue=5365 |pages=867–73 |date=May 1998 |pmid=9572724 |doi=10.1126/science.280.5365.867}}</ref><ref name="nber.org">{{cite report|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w19508|title=The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Anti-Gay Sentiment are Substantially Underestimated|year=2013|author1=Katherine B. Coffman|author2=Lucas C. Coffman|author3=Keith M. Marzilli Ericson}}</ref>
{{infobox television |
| show_name = Dooby Duck's Disco Bus
| image =
| caption =
| runtime = 10 min.
| starring =
| country = United Kingdom
| network = [[BBC]]
| first_aired = 5 January 1989
| last_aired = 23 December 1992
| num_episodes =
| website =
|}}


==Activities==
'''''Dooby Duck's Disco Bus''''' was a children's [[puppet show]] presented by '''Dooby Duck''', a puppet duck with a shiny showbiz jacket, and a pink bow-tie who introduced [[puppet]]s [[singing]] contemporary songs of the day. Dooby signed off each show laughing and saying 'Dooby Dooby Dooby Dooby Dooby Quack Quack'. The character first appeared as a segment on the children's sketch programme '[[The Satellite Show]]'.


[[File:Wiki-frot1.png|thumb|200px|Frot: two men rubbing their penises together]]
== Series guide ==
Historically, [[anal sex]] has been popularly associated with male [[homosexuality]] and MSM. Many MSM, however, do not engage in anal sex, and may engage in [[oral sex]], [[Non-penetrative sex#Frottage|frottage]] or [[frot]], or [[mutual masturbation]] instead.<ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|authors =Kaye Wellings, Kirstin Mitchell, Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn = 0335244815|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|accessdate=August 29, 2013|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91}}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex |publisher=[[Go Ask Alice!]]|date=June 13, 2008|accessdate=August 19, 2015|url=http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex}}</ref><ref name="Goldstone">{{cite journal | last1 = Goldstone| first1 =Stephen E. | last2 = Welton| first2 = Mark L.| year = 2004 | title = Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus| journal = Clin Colon Rectal Surg | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 235–239| doi = 10.1055/s-2004-836944| pmc=2780055 | pmid=20011265}}</ref><ref name="Johnson and Johnson">{{cite book|title=Gay Perspective: Things Our Homosexuality Tells Us about the Nature of God & the Universe|isbn = 978-1-59021-015-4 |publisher=[[Lethe Press]]|year=2008|page=139|accessdate=February 12, 2011|url=http://books.google.com/?id=LPyhsuVbUlAC&pg=PA139&dq=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|author =Edwin Clark Johnson, [[Toby Johnson]]}}</ref> MSM may also engage in different forms of oral sex, such as [[fellatio]], [[Tea bag (sexual act)|tea bagging]], and [[anilingus]]. Wellings et al. reported that "the equation of 'homosexual' with 'anal' sex among men is common among lay and health professionals alike," whereas an [[online survey]] of 18,000 MSM in Europe "showed that oral sex was most commonly practised, followed by mutual masturbation, with anal intercourse in third place."<ref name="Wellings"/> A 2011 survey by ''[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]]'' found similar results for U.S. gay and bisexual men. Kissing a partner on the mouth (74.5%), oral sex (72.7%), and partnered masturbation (68.4%) were the three most common behaviors, with 63.2% of the sample self-reporting five to nine different sexual behaviors during their last encounter.<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x/abstract Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States] onlinelibrary.wiley.com Retrieved 2-13-2014</ref>


Among men who have anal sex with other men, the insertive partner may be referred to as the ''[[Top (sex)|top]]'', the one being penetrated may be referred to as the ''[[Bottom (sex)|bottom]]'', and those who enjoy either role may be referred to as ''[[versatile (sex)|versatile]]''.<ref name="Underwood"/> Pleasure, pain, or both may accompany anal sex. While the [[nerve]] endings in the [[Human anus|anus]] can provide pleasurable feelings, an [[orgasm]] may be achieved through receptive anal penetration by indirect stimulation of the [[prostate]].<ref name="Prostate/Hot spot">{{cite web|title= The male hot spot — Massaging the prostate|publisher=[[Go Ask Alice!]]|date=Apr 1, 2011|accessdate=April 21, 2010|url=http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/male-hot-spot-massaging-prostate}}</ref><ref name="Rosenthal">{{cite book |first=Martha |last= Rosenthal| title = Human Sexuality: From Cells to Society | publisher =[[Cengage Learning]]|year = 2012|pages=133–135|accessdate = September 17, 2012| isbn = 0618755713|url =http://books.google.com/books?id=d58z5hgQ2gsC&pg=PT153}}</ref><ref name="Answer">{{cite book|title=The Orgasm Answer Guide|isbn = 0-8018-9396-8|publisher=JHU Press|year=2009|pages=108–109|accessdate=November 6, 2011|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Kkts3AX9QVAC&pg=PA108|author1=Komisaruk, Barry R. |author2=Whipple, Beverly |author3=Nasserzadeh, Sara |author4=Beyer-Flores, Carlos }}</ref> A study by the [[National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior]] (NSSHB) indicated that men who self-report taking a receptive position during anal sex in their last encounter were at least as likely to have reached orgasm as men who adopted an insertive role.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/the-gender-orgasm-gap/|author=[[Mona Chalabi]]|publisher=[[FiveThirtyEight]]|date=20 August 2015|title=The Gender Orgasm Gap}}</ref> A study sampling single people in the U.S. indicated that orgasm rates are similar among men across sexual orientations.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Variation in Orgasm Occurrence by Sexual Orientation in a Sample of U.S. Singles|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsm.12669/abstract|year=2014|doi=10.1111/jsm.12669|journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine|volume=11|issue=11|pages=2645–2652}}</ref> With regard to pain or being uncomfortable during anal sex,<ref name="Anal Pain">{{cite web|title=Pain from anal sex, and how to prevent it|publisher=[[Go Ask Alice!]]|date=June 26, 2009|accessdate=April 7, 2011|url=http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/pain-anal-sex-and-how-prevent-it}}</ref><ref name="Heidelbaugh">{{cite book|title =Clinical men's health: evidence in practice|publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]]|year=2007|page=273|accessdate=October 14, 2011|url=https://books.google.com/?id=4N_6nOH5BAEC&pg=PA273| author =Joel J. Heidelbaugh|isbn =978-1-4160-3000-3}}</ref> some research indicates that, for 24% to 61% of gay or bisexual men, painful receptive anal sex (known as anodyspareunia) is a frequent lifetime sexual difficulty.<ref name="Heidelbaugh"/>
; ''Dooby Duck's Disco Bus'': 13 editions. Broadcast 5 January 1989 – 30 March 1989
; ''Dooby's Duck Truck'': 26 editions. Broadcast 3 January 1991 – 18 December 1991
; ''Dooby Duck's Euro Tour'': 13 editions. Broadcast 30 September 1992 – 23 December 1992


Reports pertaining to [[Anal sex#Prevalence 2|the prevalence of anal sex among MSM]] have varied over time, with some percentages higher than others.<ref name="Underwood">{{cite book | author =Steven Gregory Underwood|title =Gay Men and Anal Eroticism: Tops, Bottoms, and Versatiles|isbn = 978-1-56023-375-6 |publisher=[[Harrington Park Press]]|year=2003|accessdate=February 12, 2011|url=http://books.google.com/?id=i4wRl0_8NuUC&pg=PA}}</ref><ref name = "cdc.gov-Rectal">Center for Disease Control, ''Increases in Unsafe Sex and Rectal Gonorrhea Among Men Who Have Sex With Men&nbsp;– San Francisco, California, 1994–1997''[http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/00056314.htm]. Retrieved April 29, 2007.</ref><ref>Laumann, E., Gagnon, J.H., Michael, R.T., and Michaels, S. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. 1994. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (Also reported in the companion volume, Michael et al., Sex in America: A Definitive Survey, 1994).</ref><ref name="WebMD">{{cite web|title=Anal Sex Safety and Health Concerns|publisher=[[WebMD]]|accessdate=August 19, 2013|url=http://www.webmd.com/sex/anal-sex-health-concerns}}</ref> A large percentage of gay and bisexual men self-report lifetime participation in anal sex.<ref name="Underwood"/> Studies among gay men have indicated that percentages are similar when comparing men who prefer to penetrate their partners to those who prefer to be the receptive partner.<ref name="Underwood" /><ref name=medic>{{cite journal|title=The Impact of Sexual Orientation on Sexuality and Sexual Practices in North American Medical Students|year=2010|doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01794|journal=[[Journal of Sexual Medicine]]}}</ref> Some men who have sex with men, however, believe that being a receptive partner during anal sex questions their [[masculinity]].<ref name="Harvey, Wenzel, and Sprecher">{{cite book |author1=John H. Harvey |author2=Amy Wenzel |author3=Susan Sprecher |title =The handbook of sexuality in close relationships|isbn = 0805845488|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2004|pages=355–356|accessdate=March 12, 2011|url=http://books.google.com/?id=qsl4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA355}}</ref><ref name="Odets">{{cite book |first=Walt|last=Odets | title = In the Shadow of the Epidemic: Being Hiv-negative in the Age of AIDS | publisher =[[Duke University Press]]|year =1995|pages=191–192|accessdate = July 6, 2013| isbn = 0822316382 |url =http://books.google.com/books?id=9nokfyi64GwC&pg=PA191}}</ref>
== External links ==


With regard to [[non-penetrative sex]], there is also variety. Frot is a form of male-male sexual activity that usually involves direct [[Human penis|penis]]-to-penis contact.<ref name="Perez">{{cite book | author =Joe Perez|title=Rising Up|isbn=1411691733|publisher=[[Lulu (company)|Lulu.com]]|year=2006|pages=190–192|accessdate=March 24, 2011|url=http://books.google.com/?id=caJ7gPv0DrAC&pg=PA190}}</ref><ref name="Advocate.com">{{cite news |title=The New Sex Police|publisher=''[[The Advocate]]''|date=2005-04-12|accessdate=February 12, 2011|pages=39–40, 42|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mGMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA39}}</ref> It is a form of frottage. Frot can be enjoyable because it mutually and simultaneously stimulates the genitals of both partners as it tends to produce pleasurable friction against the [[Frenulum of prepuce of penis|frenulum]] nerve bundle on the underside of each man's penile shaft, just below the [[External urethral orifice (male)|urinary opening]] (meatus) of the penis [[glans penis|head]] (glans penis). [[Intercrural sex]] is another form of non-penetrative sex that can be practiced between MSM. [[Docking (sex)|Docking]] (the insertion of one man's penis into another man's foreskin) is also practiced.
* {{youtube|Bc-gEotfX40|Dooby Duck's Duck Truck}}
* [http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/415690 BFI database entry for Dooby Duck's Disco Bus]


MSM may engage in [[BDSM]] or use [[sex toys]]. A nationally representative survey carried out in Australia from 2001 to 2002 found that, in the 12 months prior to the survey, 4.4% of gay men and 14.2% of bisexual men participated in BDSM-related sexual activities,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Richters J. |author2=De Visser R. O. |author3=Rissel C. E. |author4=Grulich A. E. |author5=Smith A. | year = 2008 | title = Demographic and psychosocial features of participants in bondage and discipline, "Sadomasochism" or Dominance and Submission (BDSM): Data from a National Survey | url = | journal = The journal of sexual medicine | volume = 5 | issue = 7| pages = 1660–1668 | doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x | pmid=18331257}}</ref> and 19.2% of gay men and 36.4% of bisexual men used sex toys.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Richters J. |author2=Grulich AE |author3=de Visser RO |author4=Smith AM |author5=Rissel CE. | year = 2003 | title = Sex in Australia: autoerotic, esoteric and other sexual practices engaged in by a representative sample of adults. | url = | journal = Aust N Z J Public Health. | volume = 27 | issue = 2| pages = 180–90 | doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x | pmid=14696709}}</ref> A non-representative, questionnaires-based survey on the sexual behavior of American students published in 1997 found 24% of gay and bisexual men had experience with [[spanking]] as a sexual practice.<ref>Elliott, Leland / Brantley, Cynthia, Sex on Campus, 1997, Random House, New York</ref> Among medicine students in North America, 6% of gay men and 17% of bisexual men reported ever receiving pain for sexual pleasure, and 5% of gay men and 9% of bisexual men reported inflicting pain for this purpose.<ref name=medic/> According to an online survey of over 25,000 men who self-report a homosexual or bisexual orientation, 49.8% have ever used [[Vibrator (sex toy)|vibrators]]. Most men who had used a vibrator in the past reported use during masturbation (86.2%). When used during partnered interactions, vibrators were incorporated into foreplay (65.9%) and intercourse (59.4%).<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20561168|title=Characteristics of vibrator use by gay and bisexually identified men in the United States|journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine|doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01873|year=2010|pmid=20561168|volume=7|pages=3467–76}}</ref>
[[Category:1989 British television programme debuts]]
[[Category:1992 British television programme endings]]
[[Category:BBC children's television programmes]]
⚫
[[Category:Fictional ducks]]
[[Category:Television programs featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Television programs featuring puppetry]]
[[Category:1980s British television series]]
[[Category:1990s British television series]]
[[Category:English-language television programming]]


==Health risks==
A variety of [[sexually transmitted infection]]s (STIs) can result from sexual activity. A 2007 study reported that two large population surveys found "the majority of gay men had similar numbers of unprotected sexual partners annually as straight men and women."<ref name=MedicalNews>{{cite web|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/82330.php |title=Sexual Behavior Does Not Explain Varying HIV Rates Among Gay And Straight Men - Medical News Today |publisher=medicalnewstoday.com|accessdate=February 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Goodreau SM, Golden MR |title=Biological and demographic causes of high HIV and sexually transmitted disease prevalence in men who have sex with men |journal=Sex Transm Infect |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=458–462 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17855487 |pmc=2598698 |doi=10.1136/sti.2007.025627}}</ref>


[[Acquired immune deficiency syndrome]] (AIDS) is a disease of the human [[immune system]] caused by the [[HIV|human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV).<ref name="pmid11396444">{{cite journal |author=Sepkowitz KA |title=AIDS—the first 20 years |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=344 |issue=23 |pages=1764–1772 |date=June 2001 |pmid=11396444 |url= http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/344/23/1764 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200106073442306}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Weiss RA |title=How does HIV cause AIDS?
{{child-tv-prog-stub}}
|journal=Science |volume=260 |issue=5112 |pages=1273–1279 |date=May 1993 |pmid=8493571 |doi=10.1126/science.8493571}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Cecil | first = Russell | title = Textbook of Medicine | publisher = Saunders | location = Philadelphia | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-7216-1848-0 |pages =1523, 1799}}</ref> Worldwide, an estimated 5–10% of HIV infections are the result of men having sex with men.<ref name="avert">{{cite web|url=http://www.avert.org/men-sex-men.htm |title=Men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV/AIDS &#124; AVERT |publisher=avert.org|accessdate=February 10, 2015}}</ref> However, in most of the Western world, more HIV infections are transmitted by men having sex with men than by any other transmission route.<ref name="UNAIDS">{{cite web|title=2009 AIDS epidemic update|publisher=Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization|date=November 2009|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/epidemiology/2009aidsepidemicupdate|accessdate=September 28, 2011}}</ref> In the United States, "men who have had sex with men since 1977 have an HIV prevalence (the total number of cases of a disease that are present in a population at a specific point in time) 60 times higher than the general population".<ref>{{cite web|author=Consumer Affairs Branch (CBER) |url=http://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/bloodbloodproducts/questionsaboutblood/ucm108186.htm |title=Blood Donations from Men Who Have Sex with Other Men Questions and Answers |publisher=Fda.gov |date=2013-03-18 |accessdate=May 17, 2013}}</ref>

[[Syphilis]] is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore; mainly on the external genitals, the vagina, or anus.<ref name="CDCSYPH"/> In 2006, 64% of the reported cases in the United States were among men who have sex with men.<ref name="CDCSYPH">[http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/STDFact-MSM&Syphilis.htm#concern Syphilis & MSM (Men Who Have Sex With Men) – CDC Fact Sheet], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</ref> A rise in the incidence of syphilis among MSM has been seen in other developed nations. Contracting syphilis increases the rates of HIV contamination and vice-versa, and accordingly a survey in the US has indeed found that half MSM with syphilis also possess HIV.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reported STDs in the United States — 2014 National Data for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis|url=http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/std-trends-508.pdf}}</ref> Some studies utilizing convenience samples have concluded that such rise can be attributed to increased rates of sex without a condom among MSM,<ref>{{Cite journal|title= Lessons from the syphilis outbreak in homosexual men in east London|url=http://sti.bmj.com/content/80/6/509.abstract|author1=M Hourihan |author2=H Wheeler |author3=R Houghton |author4=B T Goh |journal=Sex Transm Infect|pmid= 15572625|doi= 10.1136/sti.2004.011023|year= 2004|volume= 80|issue= 6|pages= 509–511|pmc= 1744940|postscript= <!--None-->}}</ref> though at least one study using a nationally representative sample has found that condom use rates among MSM have increased, not decreased, in the last decade, and there has been a steep decline in the frequency of anal sex in the last sexual encounter of active MSM.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Homosexual experience and recent homosexual encounters: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships|author=Andrew E. Grulich|journal=Sexual Health|doi=10.1071/SH14122|year= 2014|volume=11|issue=5|pages=439–50|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

According to a US survey, HVI, syphilis, and anal warts are both significantly more common among men who recently had sex with men (MSM) than among men who recently had sex only with women (MSW). On the other hand, [[genital herpes]] is less common among MSM than among MSW. [[Chlamydia infection|Chlamydia]], [[human papillomavirus]], [[gonorrhea]], and [[lice]] saw no significant difference across the two groups.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Influence of Sexual Orientation and Sexual Role on Male Grooming-Related Injuries and Infections|author=Thomas W. Gaither|journal=J Sex Med|year=2015|volume=12|issue=3|pages= 631–640|doi=10.1111/jsm.12780|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Sexuality|LGBT}}
*[[Human sexuality]]
*[[Male homosexuality]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Sexual orientation]]
⚫
[[Category:Sexual acts]]
[[Category:Male homosexuality]]

Revision as of 10:58, 28 February 2017

This article is about sexual practices between males. For sexual practices between females, see Lesbian sexual practices.
19th-century erotic interpretation of Hadrian and Antinous (detail), by Paul Avril

Gay sexual practices are sexual activities involving men who have sex with men (MSM), regardless of their sexual orientation or sexual identity. The authors of the Kinsey Reports state that 37% of their male subjects had at least one homosexual experience.[1] Evidence shows that sex between men is significantly underreported in surveys due to social desirability bias.[2][3]

Activities

File:Wiki-frot1.png
Frot: two men rubbing their penises together

Historically, anal sex has been popularly associated with male homosexuality and MSM. Many MSM, however, do not engage in anal sex, and may engage in oral sex, frottage or frot, or mutual masturbation instead.[4][5][6][7] MSM may also engage in different forms of oral sex, such as fellatio, tea bagging, and anilingus. Wellings et al. reported that "the equation of 'homosexual' with 'anal' sex among men is common among lay and health professionals alike," whereas an online survey of 18,000 MSM in Europe "showed that oral sex was most commonly practised, followed by mutual masturbation, with anal intercourse in third place."[4] A 2011 survey by The Journal of Sexual Medicine found similar results for U.S. gay and bisexual men. Kissing a partner on the mouth (74.5%), oral sex (72.7%), and partnered masturbation (68.4%) were the three most common behaviors, with 63.2% of the sample self-reporting five to nine different sexual behaviors during their last encounter.[8]

Among men who have anal sex with other men, the insertive partner may be referred to as the top, the one being penetrated may be referred to as the bottom, and those who enjoy either role may be referred to as versatile.[9] Pleasure, pain, or both may accompany anal sex. While the nerve endings in the anus can provide pleasurable feelings, an orgasm may be achieved through receptive anal penetration by indirect stimulation of the prostate.[10][11][12] A study by the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) indicated that men who self-report taking a receptive position during anal sex in their last encounter were at least as likely to have reached orgasm as men who adopted an insertive role.[13] A study sampling single people in the U.S. indicated that orgasm rates are similar among men across sexual orientations.[14] With regard to pain or being uncomfortable during anal sex,[15][16] some research indicates that, for 24% to 61% of gay or bisexual men, painful receptive anal sex (known as anodyspareunia) is a frequent lifetime sexual difficulty.[16]

Reports pertaining to the prevalence of anal sex among MSM have varied over time, with some percentages higher than others.[9][17][18][19] A large percentage of gay and bisexual men self-report lifetime participation in anal sex.[9] Studies among gay men have indicated that percentages are similar when comparing men who prefer to penetrate their partners to those who prefer to be the receptive partner.[9][20] Some men who have sex with men, however, believe that being a receptive partner during anal sex questions their masculinity.[21][22]

With regard to non-penetrative sex, there is also variety. Frot is a form of male-male sexual activity that usually involves direct penis-to-penis contact.[23][24] It is a form of frottage. Frot can be enjoyable because it mutually and simultaneously stimulates the genitals of both partners as it tends to produce pleasurable friction against the frenulum nerve bundle on the underside of each man's penile shaft, just below the urinary opening (meatus) of the penis head (glans penis). Intercrural sex is another form of non-penetrative sex that can be practiced between MSM. Docking (the insertion of one man's penis into another man's foreskin) is also practiced.

MSM may engage in BDSM or use sex toys. A nationally representative survey carried out in Australia from 2001 to 2002 found that, in the 12 months prior to the survey, 4.4% of gay men and 14.2% of bisexual men participated in BDSM-related sexual activities,[25] and 19.2% of gay men and 36.4% of bisexual men used sex toys.[26] A non-representative, questionnaires-based survey on the sexual behavior of American students published in 1997 found 24% of gay and bisexual men had experience with spanking as a sexual practice.[27] Among medicine students in North America, 6% of gay men and 17% of bisexual men reported ever receiving pain for sexual pleasure, and 5% of gay men and 9% of bisexual men reported inflicting pain for this purpose.[20] According to an online survey of over 25,000 men who self-report a homosexual or bisexual orientation, 49.8% have ever used vibrators. Most men who had used a vibrator in the past reported use during masturbation (86.2%). When used during partnered interactions, vibrators were incorporated into foreplay (65.9%) and intercourse (59.4%).[28]

Health risks

A variety of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can result from sexual activity. A 2007 study reported that two large population surveys found "the majority of gay men had similar numbers of unprotected sexual partners annually as straight men and women."[29][30]

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[31][32][33] Worldwide, an estimated 5–10% of HIV infections are the result of men having sex with men.[34] However, in most of the Western world, more HIV infections are transmitted by men having sex with men than by any other transmission route.[35] In the United States, "men who have had sex with men since 1977 have an HIV prevalence (the total number of cases of a disease that are present in a population at a specific point in time) 60 times higher than the general population".[36]

Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore; mainly on the external genitals, the vagina, or anus.[37] In 2006, 64% of the reported cases in the United States were among men who have sex with men.[37] A rise in the incidence of syphilis among MSM has been seen in other developed nations. Contracting syphilis increases the rates of HIV contamination and vice-versa, and accordingly a survey in the US has indeed found that half MSM with syphilis also possess HIV.[38] Some studies utilizing convenience samples have concluded that such rise can be attributed to increased rates of sex without a condom among MSM,[39] though at least one study using a nationally representative sample has found that condom use rates among MSM have increased, not decreased, in the last decade, and there has been a steep decline in the frequency of anal sex in the last sexual encounter of active MSM.[40]

According to a US survey, HVI, syphilis, and anal warts are both significantly more common among men who recently had sex with men (MSM) than among men who recently had sex only with women (MSW). On the other hand, genital herpes is less common among MSM than among MSW. Chlamydia, human papillomavirus, gonorrhea, and lice saw no significant difference across the two groups.[41]

See also

References

  1. ^ Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, p. 656
  2. ^ Turner CF, Ku L, Rogers SM, Lindberg LD, Pleck JH, Sonenstein FL (May 1998). "Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: increased reporting with computer survey technology". Science. 280 (5365): 867–73. doi:10.1126/science.280.5365.867. PMID 9572724.
  3. ^ Katherine B. Coffman; Lucas C. Coffman; Keith M. Marzilli Ericson (2013). The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Anti-Gay Sentiment are Substantially Underestimated (Report).
  4. ^ a b Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective. McGraw-Hill International. 2012. p. 91. ISBN 0335244815. Retrieved August 29, 2013. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "Not all gay men have anal sex". Go Ask Alice!. June 13, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
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