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The Patriarchs (Template:Lang-he Avot or Abot, singular Template:Lang-he Ab or Aramaic: אבא Abba) of the Bible, when narrowly defined, are Abraham, his son Isaac, and Isaac's son Jacob, also named Israel, the ancestor of the Israelites. These three figures are referred to collectively as the patriarchs of Judaism, and the period in which they lived is known as the patriarchal age. They play significant roles in Hebrew scripture during and following their lifetimes. They are used as a significant marker by God in revelations^[1] and pro^[2]mises,^[3] and continue to play important roles in the Abrahamic faiths.

More widely, the term Patriarchs can be used to refer to the twenty male ancestor-figures between Adam and Abraham. The first ten of these are called the Antediluvian patriarchs, because they came before the Flood. Judaism and Islam hold that the patriarchs, along with their primary wives, known as the matriarchs – Sarah (wife of Abraham), Rebekah (wife of Isaac) and Leah (one of the wives of Jacob) – are entombed at Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, a site held holy by Jews, Muslims, and Christians. Only Rachel, Jacob's favorite wife, is said to be buried separately at what is known as Rachel's Tomb, near Bethlehem, at the site where she is believed to have died in childbirth.

Antediluvian patriarchs

The lifetimes given for the patriarchs in the Book of Genesis are: Adam 930 years, Seth 912, Enos 905, Kenan 910, Mahalalel 895, Jared 962, Enoch 365 (did not die, but was taken away by God), Methuselah 969, Lamech 777, Noah 950.^[4] The lifespans given cause problems of chronology for Bible scholars, as the following quotation shows.

"The long lives ascribed to the patriarchs cause remarkable synchronisms and duplications. Adam lived to see the birth of Lamech, the ninth member of the genealogy; Seth lived to see the translation of Enoch and died shortly before the birth of Noah. Noah outlived Abram's grandfather, Nahor, and died in Abram's sixtieth year. Shem, Noah's son, even outlived Abram. He was still alive when Esau and Jacob were born!"^[5]

Explanation of color-codes:

Lifespans recorded in the Septuagint: Black (^▄▄) and gray (^▄▄)^{[note 1]}
Lifespans recorded in the Samaritan Pentateuch: Gold (^▄▄), yellow (^▄▄), and brown (^▄▄)
Lifespans recorded in the Masoretic text: Crimson (^▄▄), vermilion (^▄▄), and cinnabar (^▄▄)

^ Methuselah survived the flood according to the Septuagint (but not the Masoretic text or Samaritan Pentateuch), even though he was not on Noah's Ark.^[6]

Family tree

Family of Patriarchs (Bible)

Other children

Other people

Shem^[7]

Unnamed daughters

Almodad

Sheleph

Hazarmareth

Jerah

Hadoram

Serug

Uzal

Diklah

Obal

Abimael

Sheba

Nahor

Ophir

Havilah

Jobab

Terah

Sarah^[8]

Abraham^[9]

Hagar

Haran^[9]

Keturah

Nahor^[9]

Ishmael^[10]

Milcah^[9]

Lot^[9]

Iscah^[9]

6 sons

Ishmaelites

7 sons^[11]

Bethuel

1st daughter

2nd daughter

Isaac

Rebekah

Laban

Moabites

Ammonites

Edomites

1. Reuben
2. Simeon
3. Levi
4. Judah
9. Issachar
10. Zebulun
11. Dinah

7. Gad
8. Asher

5. Dan
6. Naphtali

12. Joseph
13. Benjamin

Table of Nations

According to the Bible, many of the tribes living in the Middle East, between the time of Abraham and the time of Christ, have a genealogical connection to the Patriarchs or their descendants. This list, taken from the Book of Genesis, gives the details of that genealogy.

Noah, father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth
Shem [was] an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood ...

Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah ... Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber ... Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat Peleg ... Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu ... Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug ... Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor ... Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah ... Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran ... and Haran begat Lot

Terah (descendant of Shem), father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran

Abram and Hagar, parents of Ishmael (Ishmaelites)
Abram and Keturah, parents of Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian (Midianites), Ishbak, Shuah
Nahor and Milcah, parents of Uz, Buz, Kemuel,Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel

Kemuel, father of Aram (Arameans)
Bethuel, father of Laban and Rebeccah

Laban, father of Leah and Rachel

Nahor and Reumah, parents of Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah
Haran, father of Lot

Lot and his older daughter, parents of Moab (Moabites)
Lot and his younger daughter, parents of Ben-ammi (Ammonites)

Abraham and Sarah, parents of Isaac
Isaac and Rebekah, parents of Jacob, Esau (Edomites)

Esau and Adah, parents of Eliphaz

Eliphaz and Timna, parents of Amalek (Amalekites)

Jacob and Leah, parents of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Dina
Jacob and Rachel, parents of Joseph, Benjamin
Jacob and Bilhah, parents of Dan, Naphtali
Jacob and Zilpah, parents of Gad, Asher
Joseph and Asenath, parents of Manasseh, Ephraim

The twelve tribes of Israel include ten of the sons of Jacob (excluding Levi and Joseph) and the two sons of Joseph.

Religious significance

Many major world religions trace their origin back to the patriarch Abraham.

Judaism

Israel was the name given to the grandson of Abraham. All Jews consider themselves to be descendants of Abraham through his son Isaac. ^[12]^[13]

Christianity

Abraham believed God, so in general all people with faith in God are considered sons of Abraham.^[14]

Islam

Islam regards Abraham (Ibrahim) as the father of the prophets in Islam because all subsequent prophets descended from him (the Israelite prophets through Ishāq and Muhammad through Ismā'īl).

Matriarchs

The Matriarchs, also known as "the four mothers" (ארבע האמהות) married the biblical Patriarchs:

Sarah, the wife of Abraham
Rebekah, the wife of Isaac
Leah and Rachel, the wives of Jacob

References

^ Exodus 3:6
^ "SUBIACO". subi.org. Retrieved 2017-04-06.
^ Leviticus 26:42
^ Ages of the patriarchs in Genesis
^ Von Rad, G. (trans Marks, J. H.) 1961 Genesis - a commentary Philadelphia: Westminster Press
^ Cassuto, Umberto (1972). A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah. Translated by Israel Abrahams. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press. pp. 264–5. ISBN 978-965-223-480-3.
^ https://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.11.11?lang=bi&aliyot=0
^ Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham (Genesis 20:12). An alternative tradition holds that she was Abraham's niece (see Sarah#In rabbinic literature).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Genesis 11:27–29
^ Genesis 16:15
^ Genesis 22:21–22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph
^ Isaiah 41:8
^ Genesis 21:12
^ Galatians 3:7

External links

Dark Mirrors of Heaven: Timeline of the Patriarchs

[7] Methuselah survived the flood according to the Septuagint (but not the Masoretic text or Samaritan Pentateuch), even though he was not on Noah's Ark.^[6]

[1] Exodus 3:6

[2] "SUBIACO". subi.org. Retrieved 2017-04-06.

[3] Leviticus 26:42

[4] Ages of the patriarchs in Genesis

[5] Von Rad, G. (trans Marks, J. H.) 1961 Genesis - a commentary Philadelphia: Westminster Press

[6] Cassuto, Umberto (1972). A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah. Translated by Israel Abrahams. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press. pp. 264–5. ISBN 978-965-223-480-3.

[8] ttps://www.sefaria.org/Genesis.11.11?lang=bi&aliyot=0

[9] Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham (Genesis 20:12). An alternative tradition holds that she was Abraham's niece (see Sarah#In rabbinic literature).

[Gen_11-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Genesis 11:27–29

[11] Genesis 16:15

[12] Genesis 22:21–22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph

[13] Isaiah 41:8

[14] Genesis 21:12

[15] Galatians 3:7

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{About||the movement within evangelical Christianity|Biblical patriarchy|uses not directly related to the Bible|Patriarch (disambiguation)}}
 [[File:Hortus Deliciarum, Der Schoß Abrahams.JPG|thumb|''The bosom of Abraham'' - medieval illustration from the [[Hortus deliciarum]] of [[Herrad of Landsberg]] (12th century)]]
-The '''Patriarchs''' ({{lang-he| אבות }} ''Avot'' or ''Abot'', singular {{lang-he| אב }} ''[[Ab (Semitic)|Ab]]'' or [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]:  אבא ''Abba'') of the [[Bible]], when narrowly defined, are [[Abraham]], his son [[Isaac]], and Isaac's son [[Jacob]], also named [[Israel]], the ancestor of the [[Israelites]]. These three figures are referred to collectively as the [[patriarch]]s of [[Judaism]], and the period in which they lived is known as the [[patriarchal age]]. They play significant roles in Hebrew scripture during and following their lifetimes. They are used as a significant marker by God in revelations<ref>[http://bible.cc/exodus/3-6.htm Exodus 3:6]</ref> and promises,<ref>[http://scripturetext.com/leviticus/26-42.htm Leviticus 26:42]</ref> and continue to play important roles in the [[Abrahamic faiths]].
+The '''Patriarchs''' ({{lang-he| אבות }} ''Avot'' or ''Abot'', singular {{lang-he| אב }} ''[[Ab (Semitic)|Ab]]'' or [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]:  אבא ''Abba'') of the [[Bible]], when narrowly defined, are [[Abraham]], his son [[Isaac]], and Isaac's son [[Jacob]], also named [[Israel]], the ancestor of the [[Israelites]]. These three figures are referred to collectively as the [[patriarch]]s of [[Judaism]], and the period in which they lived is known as the [[patriarchal age]]. They play significant roles in Hebrew scripture during and following their lifetimes. They are used as a significant marker by God in revelations<ref>[http://bible.cc/exodus/3-6.htm Exodus 3:6]</ref> and pro<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://subi.org/|title=SUBIACO|website=subi.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref>mises,<ref>[http://scripturetext.com/leviticus/26-42.htm Leviticus 26:42]</ref> and continue to play important roles in the [[Abrahamic faiths]].
 More widely, the term Patriarchs can be used to refer to the twenty male ancestor-figures between [[Adam]] and Abraham. The first ten of these are called the [[Antediluvian]] patriarchs, because they came before [[the Flood]]. Judaism and Islam hold that the patriarchs, along with their primary wives, known as the [[#Matriarchs|matriarchs]] – [[Sarah]] (wife of Abraham), [[Rebekah]] (wife of Isaac) and [[Leah]] (one of the wives of Jacob) – are entombed at Cave of [[Machpelah]] in [[Hebron]], a site held holy by Jews, Muslims, and Christians. Only [[Rachel]], Jacob's favorite wife, is said to be buried separately at what is known as [[Rachel's Tomb]], near [[Bethlehem]], at the site where she is believed to have died in childbirth.