Valdai Hills: Difference between revisions
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The '''Valdai Hills''' ({{lang-ru|Валда́йская возвы́шенность}} or ''Валда́й'', {{lang-lv|Valdaja augstiene}}) are an upland region in the north-west of central [[Russia]] running north-south, about midway between [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Moscow]], spanning [[Leningrad]], [[Novgorod Oblast|Novgorod]], [[Tver Oblast|Tver]], [[Pskov Oblast|Pskov]], and [[Smolensk Oblast|Smolensk]] [[Oblast]]s. |
The '''Valdai Hills''' ({{lang-ru|Валда́йская возвы́шенность}} or ''Валда́й'', {{lang-lv|Valdaja augstiene}}) are an upland region in the north-west of central [[Russia]] running north-south, about midway between [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Moscow]], spanning [[Leningrad]], [[Novgorod Oblast|Novgorod]], [[Tver Oblast|Tver]], [[Pskov Oblast|Pskov]], and [[Smolensk Oblast|Smolensk]] [[Oblast]]s. |
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| ⚫ | [[Valdaysky National Park]] was established in 1990 in the southern part of Novgorod Oblast to protect the landscapes of the highest part of the hills. The park includes Lake Valdayskoye and the northern section of Lake Seliger, as well as the town of Valday. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a [[UNESCO]] [[Biosphere Reserve]].<ref name="OOPT">{{cite web|url=http://oopt.info/index.php?oopt=648|script-title=ru:Валдайский национальный парк|publisher=Особо охраняемые природные территории России|language=Russian|accessdate=11 February 2012}}</ref> |
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==Geography and geology== |
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The hills are a northward extension of the [[Central Russian Upland]]. The ridge is overlain by deposited [[glacial]] materials in the form of terminal [[moraine]]s and other [[detritus]]. The Valdai Hills reach their maximum height of {{convert|346.9|m|abbr=on}} near [[Vyshny Volochyok]].<ref>[http://www.v-volok.ru/history/ Вышневолоцкий район<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.tverlife.ru/_content.php?Id=1.2.16&tli=25120 Тверская Жизнь - Архив<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://volochek.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=37 Русская Венеция - Offline<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
The hills are a northward extension of the [[Central Russian Upland]]. The ridge is overlain by deposited [[glacial]] materials in the form of terminal [[moraine]]s and other [[detritus]]. The Valdai Hills reach their maximum height of {{convert|346.9|m|abbr=on}} near [[Vyshny Volochyok]].<ref>[http://www.v-volok.ru/history/ Вышневолоцкий район<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.tverlife.ru/_content.php?Id=1.2.16&tli=25120 Тверская Жизнь - Архив<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://volochek.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=37 Русская Венеция - Offline<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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It is a place of many lakes, among them [[Lake Volgo]], [[Lake Peno]], [[Lake Seliger]], [[Lake Brosno]], and [[Lake Valdayskoye]].<ref Name="Darby">{{cite book|last= Darby |author2=Richard Brookes |author3=William Darby |title= Darby's Universal Gazetteer: Or, A New Geographical Dictionary |publisher= Bennett & Walton |year=1827 |location= Original from the New York Public Library |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NrsBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA837&dq=%22Valdai+Lake%22 |page=837}}</ref> |
It is a place of many lakes, among them [[Lake Volgo]], [[Lake Peno]], [[Lake Seliger]], [[Lake Brosno]], and [[Lake Valdayskoye]].<ref Name="Darby">{{cite book|last= Darby |author2=Richard Brookes |author3=William Darby |title= Darby's Universal Gazetteer: Or, A New Geographical Dictionary |publisher= Bennett & Walton |year=1827 |location= Original from the New York Public Library |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NrsBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA837&dq=%22Valdai+Lake%22 |page=837}}</ref> |
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During the [[Weichsellian glaciation|last glacial period]] the Valdai Hills with its hard rocks posed an obstacle to the glacier ice that advances from northwest diverting the ice into the lowlands.<ref name=Stroevenetal2016>{{cite journal|author-last=Stroeven|author-first=Arjen P. |author-last2=Hättestrand|author-first2=Clas |author-last3=Kleman|author-first3=Johan|author-last4=Heyman|author-first4=Jakob |author-last5=Fabel|author-first5=Derek |author-last6=Fredin|author-first6=Ola |author-last7=Goodfellow|author-first7=Bradley W. |author-last8=Harbor|author-first8=Jonathan M. |author-last9=Jansen|author-first9=John D. |author-last10=Olsen|author-first10=Lars |author-last11=Caffee|author-first11=Marc W. |author-last12=Fink|author-first12=David |author-last13=Lundqvist|author-first13=Jan |author-last14=Rosqvist|author-first14=Gunhild C. |author-last15=Strömberg|author-first15=Bo |author-last16=Jansson|author-first16=Krister N. |author-link13=Jan Lundqvist |date=2016|title=Deglaciation of Fennoscandia|journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |volume=147|issue=|pages=91-121}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | [[Valdaysky National Park]] was established in 1990 in the southern part of Novgorod Oblast to protect the landscapes of the highest part of the hills. The park includes Lake Valdayskoye and the northern section of Lake Seliger, as well as the town of Valday. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a [[UNESCO]] [[Biosphere Reserve]].<ref name="OOPT">{{cite web|url=http://oopt.info/index.php?oopt=648|script-title=ru:Валдайский национальный парк|publisher=Особо охраняемые природные территории России|language=Russian|accessdate=11 February 2012}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 18:41, 25 April 2017
The Valdai Hills (Template:Lang-ru or Валда́й, Template:Lang-lv) are an upland region in the north-west of central Russia running north-south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts.
The Valdai Hills are a popular tourist destination, particularly for fishing. The towns of Ostashkov and Valday are also remarkable for their historical associations.
Valdaysky National Park was established in 1990 in the southern part of Novgorod Oblast to protect the landscapes of the highest part of the hills. The park includes Lake Valdayskoye and the northern section of Lake Seliger, as well as the town of Valday. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.[1]
Geography and geology
The hills are a northward extension of the Central Russian Upland. The ridge is overlain by deposited glacial materials in the form of terminal moraines and other detritus. The Valdai Hills reach their maximum height of 346.9 m (1,138 ft) near Vyshny Volochyok.[2][3][4]
The Volga, the Daugava (the Western Dvina), the Lovat, the Msta, the Dnieper, the Syas, and other rivers originate in the Valdai Hills. The region thus is divided between the drainage basins of the Caspian Sea (the Volga), the Black Sea (the Dnieper), and the Baltic Sea (the Msta and the Lovat via the Volkhov, the Syas via Lake Ladoga and the Neva, and the Daugava).
It is a place of many lakes, among them Lake Volgo, Lake Peno, Lake Seliger, Lake Brosno, and Lake Valdayskoye.[5]
During the last glacial period the Valdai Hills with its hard rocks posed an obstacle to the glacier ice that advances from northwest diverting the ice into the lowlands.[6]
References
- ^ Валдайский национальный парк (in Russian). Особо охраняемые природные территории России. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ^ Вышневолоцкий район
- ^ Тверская Жизнь - Архив
- ^ Русская Венеция - Offline
- ^ Darby; Richard Brookes; William Darby (1827). Darby's Universal Gazetteer: Or, A New Geographical Dictionary. Original from the New York Public Library: Bennett & Walton. p. 837.
- ^ Stroeven, Arjen P.; Hättestrand, Clas; Kleman, Johan; Heyman, Jakob; Fabel, Derek; Fredin, Ola; Goodfellow, Bradley W.; Harbor, Jonathan M.; Jansen, John D.; Olsen, Lars; Caffee, Marc W.; Fink, David; Lundqvist, Jan; Rosqvist, Gunhild C.; Strömberg, Bo; Jansson, Krister N. (2016). "Deglaciation of Fennoscandia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 147: 91–121.
External links
