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{{Infobox Election |
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===Individual polls=== |
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| election_name = New Zealand general election, 1990 |
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| country = New Zealand |
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%; width=50%;" |
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| type = parliamentary |
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|- |
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| ongoing = no |
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! Poll |
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| previous_election = New Zealand general election, 1987 |
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! Date <ref group="nb" name="dates">These are the survey dates of the poll, or if the survey dates are not stated, the date the poll was released.</ref> |
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| previous_year = 1987 |
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<!-- the order is National - Labour - Green - NZF - Māori - ACT - United Future - Conservative - Mana --> |
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| previous_mps = 42nd New Zealand Parliament |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{New Zealand National Party/meta/color}}|[[New Zealand National Party|National]] |
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| next_election = New Zealand general election, 1993 |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color}}|[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] |
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| next_year = 1993 |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green]] |
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| next_mps = 44th New Zealand Parliament |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{New Zealand First/meta/color}}|[[New Zealand First|NZ First]] |
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| seats_for_election = All 97 seats in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]] <br> 49 seats were needed for a majority |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{Māori Party/meta/color}}|[[Māori Party|Māori]] |
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| election_date = 27 October 1990 |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{ACT New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[ACT New Zealand|ACT]] |
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| elected_mps = [[43rd New Zealand Parliament|members]] |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{United Future New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[United Future]] |
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| image1 = [[File:Jim Bolger at press conference cropped.jpg|135x135px]] |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{Conservative Party of New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[Conservative Party of New Zealand|Conservative]] |
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| leader1 = [[Jim Bolger]] |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{Mana Party (New Zealand)/meta/color}}|[[Mana Movement|Mana]] |
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| leader_since1 = 1986 |
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!width=6% bgcolor={{The Opportunities Party/meta/color}}|[[The Opportunities Party|Opportunities]] |
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| party1 = New Zealand National Party |
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|- |
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| leaders_seat1 = [[King Country (New Zealand electorate)|King Country]] |
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| '''[[New Zealand general election, 2014|Election result]]'''<ref name="2014result">{{cite web |url= http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_2014/partystatus.html |title= Official Count Results – Overall Status |publisher=[[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)|Electoral Commission]] |location=Wellington |date= 10 October 2014 |accessdate= 29 November 2014}}</ref> || 20 September 2014 |
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| last_election1 = 40 seats, 44.02% |
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| 47.04 || 25.13 || 10.70 || 8.66 || 1.32 || 0.69 || 0.22 || 3.97 || 1.40 || NA |
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| seats1 = 56 |
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|- |
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| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 16 |
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| [[Roy Morgan Research]]<ref name="RMR-16Oct2014">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/5868-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-october-16-2014-201410160358 |title= National fail to get post-election bounce but leaderless Labour Party crash to lowest ever support |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 16 October 2014 |accessdate= 29 November 2014}}</ref> || 29 September – 12 October 2014 |
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| popular_vote1 = 872,358 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 43.5 || 22.5 || 17.5 || 7 || 2 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 5 || 1 || |
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| percentage1 = 44.92% |
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|- |
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| swing1 = {{increase}} 0.90% |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-14Nov2014">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/5929-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-november-9-2014-201411140037 |title= National enjoy delayed honeymoon with big lead over leaderless Labour before new leader is selected next week |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 14 November 2014 |accessdate= 29 November 2014}}</ref> || 27 October – 9 November 2014 |
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| image2 = [[File:No_image.svg|120px]] |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" |49.5 || 24 || 14.5 || 6.5 || 1 || 0.5 || 0 || 2 || 0.5 || |
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| leader2 = [[Richard Northey]] |
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|- |
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| leader_since2 = 1990 |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-12Dec2014">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/5978-roy-morgan-new-zealand-poll-december-7-2014-201412120452 |title= National lead is down after Andrew Little claims the Labour Leadership with a landslide of Union support over Cabinet’s preferred option Grant Robertson |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 12 December 2014 |accessdate= 26 December 2014}}</ref> || 24 November – 7 December 2014 |
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| |
| party2 = New Zealand Labour Party |
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| leaders_seat2 = [[Eden (New Zealand electorate)|Eden]] |
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|- |
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| last_election2 = 57 seats, 47.96% |
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| Herald-Digipoll<ref name="HD-26Dec2014">{{cite web |first= Audrey |last= Young |date= 26 December 2014 |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11379112 |title= National, Labour both on the rise |publisher= The New Zealand Herald |accessdate= 2 February 2015}}</ref> || 8–21 December 2014 |
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| seats2 = 37 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" |50.4 || 28.9 || 9.5 || 5.6 || 1.5 || 0.4 || 0 || 2.9 || 0.2 || |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 20 |
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|- |
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| popular_vote2 = 710,301 |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-23Jan2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6028-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-january-2015-201501230555 |title= National surges in 2015 – Biggest lead since September 2014 NZ Election |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 23 January 2015 |accessdate= 23 January 2015}}</ref> || 5–18 January 2015 |
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| percentage2 = 38.94% |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 52 || 26 || 11 || 6 || 1.5 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || |
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| swing2 = {{decrease}} 9.02% |
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|- |
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| image3 = [[File:Jim Anderton.jpg|55px]][[File:Jeanette_Fitzsimons.jpg|50px]] |
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| [[3 News]] Reid Research<ref name="3NRR-1Feb2015">{{cite web |first= Patrick |last= Gower |authorlink= Patrick Gower |date= 1 February 2015 |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/little-rivals-clark-in-favourable-poll-results-2015020116 |title= Little rivals Clark in favourable poll results |publisher= 3 News |accessdate= 1 February 2015}}</ref> || 20–28 January 2015 |
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| leader3 = [[Jim Anderton]]/[[Jeanette Fitzsimons]] |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49.8 || 29.1 || 9.3 || 6.9 || 1.3 || 0.4 || 0 || 2.7 || 0.6 || |
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| leader_since3 = 1989 |
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|- |
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| party3 = Alliance (New Zealand political party)|Alliance| |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-20Feb2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6078-roy-morgan-new-zealand-february-voting-intention-201502200720 |title= National support slips but Labour still well behind as New Zealand co-host the 2015 Cricket World Cup |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 20 February 2015 |accessdate= 20 February 2015}}</ref> || 2–15 February 2015 |
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| leaders_seat3 = [[Sydenham (New Zealand electorate)|Sydenham]] [[Coromandel (New Zealand electorate)|Coromandel]] |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49 || 30 || 12 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1.5 || 0 || |
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| last_election3 = ''New party'' |
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|- |
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| seats3 = 4 |
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| [[One News (New Zealand)|One News]] [[Colmar Brunton]]<ref name="ONCB-22Feb2015">{{cite news |url= http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/images/150222_ONE_News_Colmar_Brunton_Poll_report_14-18_Feb_2015_prelim.pdf|title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 22 February 2015 |accessdate= 22 February 2015}}</ref> |
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| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 4 |
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| 14–18 February 2015 |
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| popular_vote3 = 276,897 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49 || 31 || 10 || 6 || 1.5 || 0.3 || 0 || 1.4|| 0.4 || |
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| percentage3 = 15.18% |
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|- |
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| swing3 = {{increase}} 15.18% |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-20Mar2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6128-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-march-2015-201503200448 |title= National support slips but would win a close election as New Zealand get set to host Cricket World Cup Quarter-Final |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 20 March 2015 |accessdate= 20 March 2015}}</ref> || 2–15 March 2015 |
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| title = [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 46.5 || 31 || 11 || 6 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1.5 || 0 || |
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| posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister |
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|- |
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| before_election = [[Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)|Mike Moore]] |
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| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 28 March 2015 – [[Northland by-election, 2015|Northland by-election]] won by [[New Zealand First]] leader [[Winston Peters]]. |
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| before_colour = |
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|- |
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| after_election = [[Jim Bolger]] |
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| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-19Apr2015">{{cite news |url= http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/images/150419_2_ONE_News_Colmar_Brunton_Poll_report_11-15_April_2015.pdf|title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 19 April 2015 |accessdate= 21 April 2015}}</ref> |
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| after_colour = |
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| 11–15 April 2015 |
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| before_party = New Zealand Labour Party |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49 || 31 || 9 || 7 || 0.8 || 0.5 || 0 || 1.5 || 1.1 || |
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| after_party = New Zealand National Party |
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|- |
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}} |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-23Apr2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6187-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-april-2015-201504230106 |title= National retains strong support despite NZ First victory at the Northland by-election |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 23 April 2015 |accessdate= 23 April 2015}}</ref> || 6–19 April 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 45.5 || 27.5 || 13.5 || 8 || 1.5 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 22 April 2015 – A waitress reveals that for months [[John Key]] would pull her ponytail while visiting the café where she worked, even after she asked him to stop.<ref name="Ponytailgate">{{cite web |first1= Stacey |last1= Kirk |first2= Hamish |last2= Rutherford |first3= Aimee |last3= Gulliver |date= 22 April 2014 |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/67949918/Prime-Minister-John-Key-pulled-waitress-ponytail |title= Prime Minister John Key pulled waitress' ponytail |publisher= Stuff |accessdate= 25 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ponytailgate2">{{cite web |first= Amanda |last= Bailey |date= 23 April 2014 |url= http://thedailyblog.co.nz/2015/04/23/update-the-prime-minister-and-the-waitress-part-2-dirty-politics/ |title= UPDATE: The Prime Minister and the Waitress Part 2 – Dirty Politics? |publisher= The Daily Blog |accessdate= 25 May 2015}}</ref> |
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|- |
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| Herald-Digipoll<ref name="HD-29Apr2015">{{cite web |first= Audrey |last= Young |date= 29 April 2014 |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11440058 |title= Ponytail-gate fails to shake Prime Minister's ratings |publisher= The New Zealand Herald |accessdate= 29 April 2015}}</ref> || 17–26 April 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" |51 || 28.7 || 10.8 || 6.1 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 0 || 1.1 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-25May2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6248-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-may-2015-201505250727 |title= Positive news in lead up to New Zealand Budget helps National Government support jump to 54% – highest since October 2011 Share |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 25 May 2015 |accessdate= 25 May 2015}}</ref> || 4–17 May 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 54 || 25.5 || 10.5 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 21 May 2015 – [[2015 New Zealand budget|2015 Budget]] is delivered. |
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|- |
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| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-01Jun2015">{{cite news |url= http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/images/150531_2_ONE_News_Colmar_Brunton_Poll_report_23-27_May_2015_prelim.pdf|title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 31 May 2015 |accessdate= 1 June 2015}}</ref> |
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| 23–27 May 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 48 || 31 || 10 || 7 || 1.4 || 0.1 || 0 || 2.3|| 0 || |
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|- |
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| 3 News Reid Research<ref name="3NRR-2Jun2015">{{cite web |first= Patrick |last= Gower |authorlink= Patrick Gower |date= 2 June 2015 |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/john-keys-popularity-drops-in-latest-poll-2015060218#axzz3brg4lwEb |title= John Key's popularity drops in latest poll |publisher= 3 News |accessdate= 2 June 2015}}</ref> || 21–27 May 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 46.4 || 30.4 || 11.1 || 8.1 || 1.1 || 0.5 || 0 || 1.9 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 30 May 2015 – [[James Shaw (New Zealand politician)|James Shaw]] replaces [[Russel Norman]] as [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]] co-leader. |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-24Jun2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6300-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-june-2015-201506240227 |title= National Government support down to 49.5% as New Zealand growth slows to 0.2% in March Quarter – slowest in two years |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 24 June 2015 |accessdate= 24 June 2015}}</ref> || 8–21 June 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49.5 || 26 || 13 || 6.5 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 22 to 27 June 2015 – The Conservative Party disintegrates as [[Colin Craig]] resigns as leader, all current board members have resigned and acting leadership of the party is left unclear between party administration and self-appointed board. |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-17Jul2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6349-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-july-2015-201507170250 |title= Support for Labour/Greens coalition overtakes National for first time since New Zealand Election |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 17 July 2015 |accessdate= 17 July 2015}}</ref> || 29 June – 12 July 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 43 || 32 || 13 || 7 || 1.5 || 0.5 || 0 || 1.5 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-19Jul2015">{{cite news |url= http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/index.php/polls-and-surveys/political-polls/one-news-colmar-brunton-poll |title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 19 July 2015 |accessdate= 19 July 2015}}</ref> |
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| 11–15 July 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47 || 32 || 13 || 7 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0 || 0 || 0.5 || |
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|- |
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| 3 News Reid Research<ref name="3NRR-26Jul2015">{{cite web |first= Patrick |last= Gower |authorlink= Patrick Gower |date= 26 July 2015 |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/poll-61pct-want-to-ban-foreign-buyers-2015072617#axzz3gqh0yHS9 |title= Poll: 61pct want to ban foreign buyers |publisher= 3 News |accessdate= 26 July 2015}}</ref> || 15–22 July 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47 || 31.1 || 11.4 || 8.4 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.1 || 0.7 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-16Aug2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6406-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-august-2015-201508200049 |title= National support jumps ahead of a potential Labour/Greens alliance |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 20 August 2015 |accessdate= 20 August 2015}}</ref> || 3–16 Aug 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 50.5 || 27 || 11 || 8 || 1.5 || 0.5 || 0 || 0 || 0.5 || |
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|- |
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| Herald-Digipoll<ref name="HD-26Aug2015">{{cite web |first= Audrey |last= Young |date= 26 August 2015 |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=11502827 |title= Labour's support recovers to 30s |publisher= The New Zealand Herald |accessdate= 26 August 2015}}</ref> || 14–24 August 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" |50.8 || 31 || 9.2 || 6.9 || 1 || 0.2 || 0 || 0.6 || 0.2 || |
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|- |
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| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-11Sep2015">{{cite news |url= http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/images/150907_1_ONE_News_Colmar_Brunton_Poll_report_29_Aug-2_Sep_2015.pdf |title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 6 September 2015 |accessdate= 11 September 2015}}</ref> |
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| 29 August – 2 September 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47 || 32 || 12 || 7 || 1.2 || 0.1 || 0 || 0.1|| 0.2 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-18Sep2015">{{cite web |url= http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6456-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-september-2015-2015091807219 |title= Potential Labour/Greens alliance support jumps ahead of National as RBNZ cuts interest rates to boost flagging NZ economy |publisher= Roy Morgan Research |date= 13 September 2015 |accessdate= 18 September 2015}}</ref> || 31 August – 13 September 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 44.5 || 31 || 15 || 5.5 || 1.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 1 || 0.5 || |
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|- |
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| 3 News Reid Research<ref name="3NRR-21Sep2015">{{cite web |first= Patrick |last= Gower |authorlink= Patrick Gower |date= 26 July 2015 |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/political-poll-support-low-for-flag-change-2015092016#axzz3mJPcupOV |title= Political poll: Support low for flag change |publisher= 3 News |accessdate= 21 September 2015}}</ref> || 8–16 September 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47.3 || 33 || 10 || 7.9 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 0 || 0.5 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-15Oct2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6506-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-october-2015-201510150600 |title=National support jumps in October with signing of Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and leads potential Labour/Greens alliance |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 15 October 2015}}</ref> || 31 September – 11 October 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 50 || 29 || 11.5 || 6.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0 || 0.5 || 0.5 || |
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|- |
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| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-20Oct2015">{{cite news |url= http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/images/151018_ONE_News_Colmar_Brunton_Poll_report_10-14_Oct_2015_prelim.pdf |title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 18 October 2015 |accessdate= 20 October 2015}}</ref> |
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| 10–14 October 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47 || 31 || 12 || 9 || 0.8 || 0.2 || 0 || 0.4|| 0 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-13Nov2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6557-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-november-2015-201511130233 |title=NZ voting intention virtually unchanged in November before controversy this week after PM John Key accuses Opposition Leader Andrew Little of backing rapists |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 13 November 2015}}</ref> || 26 October – 8 November 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49 || 29.5 || 12 || 6 || 2 || 0.5 || 0 || 0.5 || 0.5 || |
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|- |
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| 3 News Reid Research<ref name="3NRR-24Nov2015">{{cite web |first= Patrick |last= Gower |authorlink= Patrick Gower |date= 22 November 2015 |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/nznews/national-still-ahead-in-polls-despite-rapist-remarks-2015112217#axzz3sM83EsVZ |title= National still ahead in polls despite 'rapist' remarks |publisher= 3 News |accessdate= 24 November 2015}}</ref> || November 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 46.7 || 32.3 || 10.2 || 7.5 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 0 || 0.7 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR-06Dec2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6599-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-december-2015-201512092333 |title=National set for Merry Christmas as Key Government retains strong lead over Labour/Greens opposition |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 25 December 2015}}</ref> || 23 November – 6 December 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49 || 28.5 || 13 || 6 || 1.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| Herald-Digipoll<ref name="Herald-15Dec2015">{{cite web |first= Audrey |last= Young |date= 15 December 2015 |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11561025 |title= National steady at year-end |publisher= NZ Herald |accessdate= 16 December 2015}}</ref> || 4–14 December 2015 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 51.3 || 31.1 || 8.2 || 5.7 || 2.1 || 0.8 || 0.3 || 0 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR17Jan2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6639-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-january-2016-201601220219 |title=National lead down slightly over Labour/Greens opposition in New Year. TPP signing ceremony set for Auckland in two weeks a coup for PM John Key. |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 22 January 2016}}</ref> || 4–17 January 2016 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47 || 27.5 || 14 || 6.5 || 3 || 0.5 || 0 || 1 || 0 || |
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|- |
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| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 4 February 2016 – Signing of the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] agreement by the New Zealand government and 12 other partner countries. |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR19Feb2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6678-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-february-2016-201602190455 |title=National builds winning lead over Labour/Greens opposition in New Zealand following TPP signing ceremony in Auckland early in February |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 22 February 2016}}</ref> || 1–14 February 2016 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 48 || 27 || 14.5 || 6 || 1 || 0.5 || 0 || 1 || 0.5 || |
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|- |
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| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-21Feb2015">{{cite news |url= http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/images/160222_ONE_News_Colmar_Brunton_Poll_report_13-17_Feb_2016.pdf |title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 21 February 2016 |accessdate= 23 February 2016}}</ref> |
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| 13–17 February 2016 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47 || 32 || 8 || 10 || 1.1 || 0.3 || 0 || 0.6|| 0.3 || |
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|- |
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| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR18Mar2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6715-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-march-2016-201603180507 |title=National lead cut to smallest since September as NZ First vote surges to 9% as Winston Peters takes strong stand on New Zealand Flag Referendum |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 18 March 2016}}</ref> || 29 February – 13 March 2016 |
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| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 46 || 28 || 14 || 9 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0.5 || 0.5 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-10Apr2016">{{cite news |url= http://colmarbrunton.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/160410-ONE-News-Colmar-Brunton-Poll-report-2-6-Apr-2016-prelim.pdf |title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 10 April 2016 |accessdate= 10 April 2016}}</ref> |
|||
| 2–6 April 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 50 || 28 || 10 || 9 || 1.1 || 0.7 || 0 || 0.3 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR17Apr2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6772-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-april-2016-201604260544 |title=National vote lowest since 2014 Election as NZ First vote surges to 20 year high of 12.5% |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 26 April 2016}}</ref> || 4–17 April 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 42.5 || 26 || 14.5 || 12.5 || 1.5 || 1.5 || 0 || 1 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR15May2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6816-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-may-2016-201605230014 |title=National and Labour vote up in May but NZ First still holds the balance of power position despite vote falling |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 23 May 2016}}</ref> || 2–15 May 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 45.5 || 29.5 || 12 || 9.5 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0.5 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Newshub Reid Research<ref name="NRR-24May2016">{{cite web |first= Patrick |last= Gower |authorlink= Patrick Gower |date= 24 May 2016 |url= http://www.newshub.co.nz/politics/newshub-poll-keys-popularity-plummets-to-lowest-level-2016052414#axzz49XtSVKcW |title= Newshub poll: Key's popularity plummets to lowest level|publisher= Newshub |accessdate= 24 May 2016}}</ref> || 24 May 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47 || 31.3 || 11.1 || 7.8 || 1 || 0.4 || 0 || 0.6 || – || |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 26 May 2016 – The [[2016 New Zealand budget|2016 Budget]] is delivered.<ref>{{cite news |title= English sets date for Budget 2016 |url= http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/political/296678/english-sets-date-for-budget-2016 |date= 16 February 2016 |publisher= [[Radio New Zealand]] |accessdate= 4 May 2016}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 31 May 2016 – Labour and the Greens announce their [[memorandum of understanding]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Davison|first1=Isaac|title=Labour, Greens to work together to stop National at next election|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11648166|accessdate=31 May 2016|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=31 May 2016}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-7Jun2016">{{cite news |url= http://colmarbrunton.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/160607-ONE-News-Colmar-Brunton-Poll-report-28-May-2-June-2016-prelim.pdf |title= Current ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll |publisher= Colmar Brunton |date= 7 June 2016 |accessdate= 7 June 2016}}</ref> |
|||
| 28 May – 2 June 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 48 || 29 || 12 || 9 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 0 || 0.7 || 0.1 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR20Jun2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6851-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-june-2016-201606201622 |title=National and Labour down in June but New Zealand First still holds the balance of power if Election was held now |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 20 June 2016}}</ref> || 12 June 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 43.5 || 28 || 14.5 || 9 || 2 || 0.5 || 0 || 1 || 1 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR21Jul2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6902-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-july-2016-201607211639 |title=National extends lead over Labour to highest in over a year as Government unveils $1 billion housing infrastructure fund |publisher=Roy Morgan Research |accessdate= 22 July 2016}}</ref> || 17 July 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 53 || 25.5 || 11.5 || 7 || 0.5 || 1 || 0 || 0.5 || 0.5 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Newshub Reid Research<ref name="NRR-8Aug2016">{{cite web |first= Patrick |last= Gower |authorlink= Patrick Gower |date= 8 August 2016 |url= http://www.newshub.co.nz/politics/poll-john-key-could-lose-grip-on-power-2016080815#axzz4GlDcur1X |title= Poll: John Key could lose grip on power |publisher= Newshub |accessdate= 8 August 2016}}</ref> || 22 July – 3 August 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 45.1 || 32.7 || 11.5 || 8.1 || 1.3 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 0.5<ref name="reidresearchwebsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.reidresearch.co.nz/TV3+POLL+RESULTS.html |title=TV3 Poll Results |website=Reidresearch.co.nz |accessdate=26 February 2017}}</ref> || – || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR21Aug2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6946-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-august-2016-201608291538 |title=National support down but still has election winning lead after boost from $1 billion housing infrastructure fund announcement wears off |accessdate= 8 September 2016}}</ref> || 8–21 August 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 46 || 25.5 || 14.5 || 9.5 || 1.5 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0.5 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-7Sept2016">{{cite web |url=http://colmarbrunton.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/Poll-infographic-with-econ-outlook-910x1024.png |title= Poll-infographic-with-econ-outlook |publisher=Colmar Brunton |date= 13 September 2016 |accessdate= 13 September 2016}}</ref> || 3–7 September 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 48 || 26 || 13 || 11 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0.3 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR27Sep2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6971-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-september-2016-201609271642 |title=National Party support is at lowest level since before election; now behind potential Labour/ Greens Alliance |accessdate= 27 September 2016}}</ref> || 5–18 September 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 41.5 || 33.5 || 12 || 8.5 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0.5 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR23Oct2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7039-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-october-2016-201611041621 |title=National Party support up in October; now well ahead of potential Labour/ Greens alliance after successful overseas trips for PM Key |accessdate= 4 November 2016}}</ref> || 10–23 October 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 48 || 26.5 || 11.5 || 10 || 1.5 || 0.5 || – || – || – || |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 14 November 2016 – [[2016 Kaikoura earthquake|A 7.8 magnitude earthquake]] hits the coastal town of [[Kaikoura]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-27Nov2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Preliminary_ONE-News-Colmar-Brunton-Poll-report-Nov-12-13-21-23.pdf |title= Poll-infographic-with-econ-outlook |publisher=Colmar Brunton |date= 27 November 2016 |accessdate= 28 November 2016}}</ref> || 12–23 November 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 50 || 28 || 11 || 10 || 1 || – || 0 || 0.2 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR20Nov2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7061-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-november-2016-201611301845 |title=National Party support up again in November as Roy Morgan Government Confidence surges despite series of earthquakes |accessdate= 30 November 2016}}</ref> || 24 October – 20 November 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 49.5 || 23 || 14.5 || 8 || 1.5 || 1 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 3 December 2016 – [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour's]] [[Michael Wood (New Zealand politician)|Michael Wood]] wins the [[Mount Roskill by-election, 2016|Mount Roskill by-election]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 5 December 2016 – [[John Key]] announces that he will resign as [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]], effective 12 December. |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR21Dec2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7107-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-december-2016-201612211126 |title=National Party support down in December as PM Key resigns and Labour score easy by-election victory in Mt. Roskill |accessdate= 21 December 2016}}</ref> || 28 November – 11 December 2016 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 45 || 28.5 || 14.5 || 7.5 || 1 || 0.5 || 0 || 0.5 || 0.5 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 12 December 2016 – [[Bill English]] replaces [[John Key]] as Prime Minister of New Zealand and Leader of the National Party, [[Paula Bennett]] becomes both Deputy Prime Minister and Deputy Leader. |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref name="RMR22Jan2017">{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7127-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-january-2017-201701201143 |title=National Party support up slightly in January as new Prime Minister Bill English returns from ‘introductory tour’ to Europe |accessdate= 22 January 2017}}</ref> || 3–16 January 2017 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 46 || 27 || 12.5 || 9 || 2 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 1 February 2017 – Prime Minister [[Bill English]] announces that the election will take place on 23 September 2017. |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7149-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-february-2017-201702271519 |title=National Party support up slightly in February as new PM Bill English welcomes visit of Australian PM Malcolm Turnbull}}</ref> ||30 January – 12 February 2017 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 48 || 26 || 13 || 8 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| One News Colmar Brunton<ref name="ONCB-19Feb2017">{{cite web |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/1-news-poll-labour-and-greens-close-gap-national-following-john-keys-departure |title= 1 NEWS poll: Labour and Greens close gap on National following John Key's departure |publisher=One News |date= 19 February 2017 |accessdate= 19 February 2017}}</ref> || 11–15 February 2017 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 46 || 30 || 11 || 11 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 0.3<ref name="colmarbrunton1">{{cite web|url=http://www.colmarbrunton.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ONE-News-Colmar-Brunton-Poll-report-11-15-Feb.pdf |format=PDF |title=ONE News Colmar Brunton Poll : 11-15 February 2017 |website=Colmarbrunton.co.nz |accessdate=2017-03-23}}</ref> || 0.2 || 0.8 ||0.0<ref name="colmarbrunton1"/> |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 25 February 2017 – Labour's [[Jacinda Ardern]] wins the [[Mount Albert by-election, 2017|Mount Albert by-election]]. |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 1 March 2017 – [[Annette King]] steps down as Labour Party Deputy Leader and announces her retirement from Parliament, effective September 2017. [[Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)|Mount Albert]] MP [[Jacinda Ardern]] is nominated by Labour leader [[Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)|Andrew Little]] to be King's successor. |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 6 March 2017 – [[The Opportunities Party]] is registered by the Electoral Commission. |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#fc9;" colspan="15"| 7 March 2017 – [[Jacinda Ardern]] is confirmed as deputy leader of Labour with the unanimous support of Labour's caucus. |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7189-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-march-2017-201703201044 |title=National Party well down in March as Prime Minister Bill English talks of lifting retirement age to 67 – lowest party vote since September 2016 |website=Roymorgan.com |accessdate=22 March 2017}}e</ref> ||27 February – 12 March 2017 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" |43.5 || 29.5 || 14.5 || 7.5 || 2 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0 || |
|||
|- |
|||
| Newshub Reid Research<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2017/03/newshub-poll-jacinda-ardern-preferred-as-pm-over-andrew-little.html |title=Newshub poll: Jacinda Ardern preferred as PM over Andrew Little |date=21 March 2017 |accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> || 10 – 19 March 2017 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" | 47.1 || 30.8 || 11.2 || 7.6 || 0.7 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.4<ref>{{cite web|last=Gower |first=Patrick |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2017/03/newshub-poll-jacinda-ardern-preferred-as-pm-over-andrew-little.html |title=poll: Jacinda Ardern preferred as PM over Andrew Little |website=Newshub.co.nz |date= |accessdate=2017-03-23}}</ref> || 0 || 0.8 |
|||
|- |
|||
| Roy Morgan Research<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7189-roy-morgan-new-zealand-voting-intention-march-2017-201703201044 |title=National Party well down in March as Prime Minister Bill English talks of lifting retirement age to 67 – lowest party vote since September 2016 |website=Roymorgan.com |accessdate=22 March 2017}}e</ref> ||27 February – 12 March 2017 |
|||
| style="background:#CCDDFF" |40 || 33 || 15 || 7 || 1 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0 || 1 | |
|||
|- |
|||
! Poll |
|||
! Date <ref group="nb" name="dates">These are the survey dates of the poll, or if the survey dates are not stated, the date the poll was released.</ref> |
|||
<!-- the order is National - Labour - Green - NZF - Māori - ACT - United Future - Conservative - Mana --> |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{New Zealand National Party/meta/color}}|[[New Zealand National Party|National]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{New Zealand Labour Party/meta/color}}|[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{New Zealand First/meta/color}}|[[New Zealand First|NZ First]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{Māori Party/meta/color}}|[[Māori Party|Māori]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{ACT New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[ACT New Zealand|ACT]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{United Future New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[United Future]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{Conservative Party of New Zealand/meta/color}}|[[Conservative Party of New Zealand|Conservative]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{Mana Party (New Zealand)/meta/color}}|[[Mana Movement|Mana]] |
|||
!width=6% bgcolor={{The Opportunities Party/meta/color}}|[[The Opportunities Party|Opportunities]] |
|||
|} |
|||
{{Infobox Election |
{{Infobox Election |
||
| election_name = |
| election_name = New Zealand general election, 1993 |
||
| |
| turnout = 1,922,796 (82.82%) |
||
| |
| country = New Zealand |
||
| type = parliamentary |
|||
| ongoing = no |
| ongoing = no |
||
| party_colour = |
|||
| previous_election = United States Senate election in Texas, 2006 |
|||
| previous_election = New Zealand general election, 1990 |
|||
| previous_year = 2012 |
|||
| previous_year = 1990 |
|||
| elected_mps = [[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1 Senator]] |
|||
| outgoing_members = 43rd New Zealand Parliament |
|||
| next_election = United States Senate election in Texas, 2018 |
|||
| |
| next_election = New Zealand general election, 1996 |
||
| |
| next_year = 1996 |
||
| next_MPs = 45th New Zealand Parliament |
|||
| image1 = [[File: Ted Cruz, official portrait, 113th Congress (cropped 2).jpg|132px]] |
|||
| seats_for_election = All 99 seats in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]] <br> 50 seats were needed for a majority |
|||
| nominee1 = '''[[Ted Cruz]]''' |
|||
| election_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1993|11|6}} |
|||
| party1 = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| elected_mps = [[44th New Zealand Parliament|elected members]] |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''4,440,137''' |
|||
| percentage1 = '''48.3%''' |
|||
<!--National--> |
|||
| image2 = [[File:Paul Sadler.JPG|142px]] |
|||
| |
| image2 = [[Image:Jim Bolger at press conference cropped.jpg|150x150px]] |
||
| |
| colour2 = |
||
| |
| leader2 = [[Jim Bolger]] |
||
| |
| leader_since2 = 1986 |
||
| |
| party2 = New Zealand National Party |
||
| leaders_seat2 = [[King Country (New Zealand electorate)|King Country]] |
|||
| last_election2 = 65 seats, 44.92% |
|||
| seats_before2 = 65 |
|||
| seats2 = 42 |
|||
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 23 |
|||
| popular_vote2 = 673,892 |
|||
| percentage2 = 31.16% |
|||
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 12.77% |
|||
<!--- Labour ---> |
|||
| image1 = [[File:Elizabeth_Tennet.jpg|150x150px]] |
|||
| colour1 = |
|||
| leader1 = [[Elizabeth Tennet]] |
|||
| leader_since1 = 1992 |
|||
| party1 = New Zealand Labour Party |
|||
| leaders_seat1 = [[Island Bay (New Zealand electorate)|Island Bay]] |
|||
| last_election1 = 37 seats, 38.94% |
|||
| seats_before1 = 37 |
|||
| seats1 = 45 |
|||
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 8 |
|||
| popular_vote1 = 666,759 |
|||
| percentage1 = 33.75% |
|||
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 5.19% |
|||
<!-- Alliance --> |
|||
| image4 = [[File:Jim Anderton, 2010.jpg|52px]] [[File:Jeanette_Fitzsimons.jpg|52px]] |
|||
| colour4 = |
|||
| leader4 = [[Jim Anderton]]/[[Jeanette Fitzsimons]] |
|||
| leader_since4 = 1991 |
|||
| party4 = Alliance (New Zealand political party) |
|||
| leaders_seat4 = [[Sydenham (New Zealand electorate)|Sydenham]]/ [[Hauraki]] |
|||
| last_election4 = 4 seats, 15.18% |
|||
| seats_before4 = 4 |
|||
| seats4 = 10 |
|||
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 6 |
|||
| popular_vote4 = 350,063 |
|||
| percentage4 = 22.73% |
|||
| swing4 = {{increase}} 7.55% |
|||
<!-- NZ First --> |
|||
| image5 = [[File:Winston Peters cropped.PNG|150x150px]] |
|||
| colour5 = |
|||
| leader5 = [[Winston Peters]] |
|||
| leader_since5 = 1993 |
|||
| party5 = New Zealand First |
|||
| leaders_seat5 = [[Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)|Tauranga]] |
|||
| last_election5 = ''Not yet founded'' |
|||
| seats_before5 = 1 |
|||
| seats5 = 2 |
|||
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1 |
|||
| popular_vote5 = 161,481 |
|||
| percentage5 = 9.02% |
|||
| swing5 = {{increase}} 9.02% |
|||
| map_image = |
|||
| map_size = |
| map_size = |
||
| map_caption = |
| map_caption = |
||
| title = |
| title = [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] |
||
| posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister |
|||
| before_election = [[Kay Bailey Hutchison]] |
|||
| before_election = [[Jim Bolger]] |
|||
| before_party = Republican Party (United States) |
|||
| after_election = [[ |
| after_election = [[Elizabeth Tennet]] |
||
| |
| before_party = New Zealand National Party |
||
| after_party = New Zealand Labour Party |
|||
}} |
}} |
Revision as of 01:32, 13 May 2017
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All 97 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives 49 seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 99 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives 50 seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 1,922,796 (82.82%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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