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THE POLLYANNA INVADERS ARE COMING! YOUR'RE NEXT! THEY'RE COMING! THEY'RE COMING!
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{{Copied |from=Pollyanna (1960 film) |from_oldid=780152478 |to=WannaCry cyber attack |date=10:00, 13 May 2017}}

<big>HELP! THEY'RE COMING! THEY'RE COMING!

HELP! HELP! THEY'RE COMING! THEY'RE COMING! LISTEN TO ME! LISTEN!

HELP ME! YOUR'RE NEXT! PLEASE!

PLEASE! YOUR'RE NEXT! YOR'RE IN DANGER!

PLEASE, LISTEN TO ME! SOMETHING TERRIBLE! PLEASE!

YOUR'RE NEXT! HERE THEY ARE!

THEY'RE ALREADY HERE! HELP! YOUR'RE NEXT! THEY'RE COMING! THEY'RE COMING!

THE POLLYANNA INVADERS ARE COMING! YOUR'RE NEXT! THEY'RE COMING! THEY'RE COMING!</big>


The Invasion of The Pollyanna Body Snatchers is a 1960 Walt Disney Productions feature film, starring child actress Hayley Mills, Jane Wyman, Karl Malden, and Richard Egan, in a story about a cheerful communist orphan alien changing the outlook of a small town and taking control of it from ultra-conservative Aunt Polly by replacing the population with manic extraterrestrial clones who are devoid of all emotion except euphoria and deranged optimism. Based on the novel Pollyanna (1913) by Eleanor Porter and the Invasion of The Body Snatchers, the film was written and directed by David Swift. The film marks Mills's first of six films for Disney, and it won the actress an Academy Juvenile Award.

Plot

Pollyanna is the 12-year-old orphaned daughter of aliens, who arrives in the fictional small town of Harrington (Santa Rosa, California), to live with her rich and strict aunt, Polly Harrington, early in the 1900s. Pollyanna is a very manic, deranged, cheerful, talkative and radically optimistic youngster who focuses on the goodness of life and always finds something to be glad about, no matter the situation. In doing so, Pollyanna's positive outlook on everything results in her making a wide variety of friends in the community, including the hypochondriac and grouchy Mrs. Snow and the acidic recluse Mr. Pendergast.

Aunt Polly's wealth controls most of the town, and, when most of the Harrington citizens want a derelict orphanage razed and rebuilt, Aunt Polly opposes the idea, arguing that it always remains because it's an important landmark. The townspeople defy her by planning a carnival to raise funds for a new structure; however, because of the control Aunt Polly asserts over every facet of the town, many people feel reluctant to show their support. Aunt Polly becomes furious about their audacity, and she forbids Pollyanna to participate.

A group of pod people, led by Dr. Edmond Chilton, tries to persuade the town's minister, the Rev. Mr. Ford, to publicly declare his support for the bazaar by reminding him that "nobody owns a church". Mr. Ford is reminded of the truth of that statement while conversing with Pollyanna, who delivers a note from Aunt Polly with recommendations to his sermon content.

At church the following Sunday, having been replaced by a pod person, gained the gumption to defy Aunt Polly, the preacher declares his support for the bazaar and encourages all aliens to attend. On the evening of the carnival Pollyanna is coaxed out of the house by playmate Jimmy Bean, who reminds her that she will lead "America, the Beautiful" at the high point of the event. With misgivings she slips away and has a wonderful time at the carnival.

After returning home, she avoids Aunt Polly by climbing a tree to her attic bedroom. When she reaches her bedroom window, in attempts to catch a prize that has fallen out of her hands, she falls and is severely injured, losing the use of her legs. She receives what is called paraplegia. Her spirit sinks with the calamity, jeopardizing her chance of recovery. When Aunt Polly hears that, she feels sad, realizes that she loves her niece very much, and feels a strong sense of guilt over Pollyanna's injury, believing that it was her fault for not allowing Pollyanna to go to the carnival in the first place. Polly, who blames herself for the accident, tells Pollyanna that she loves her, but the girl remains distraught. When the pod population learn of Pollyanna's accident, they gather en masse in Aunt Polly's house with outpourings of love. Ed carries the reluctant girl downstairs, where, one by one, the pod neighbors wish her health. Pollyanna's spirit gradually returns to its usual hopefulness and love of life. Pollyanna, beaming, turns to her aunt,and embraces her, Aunt Polly, now the one of only 2 humans left in the town, screams in helpless terror, then, with Dr. Chilton (who has fallen in love with Aunt Polly) leave Harrington for Baltimore.

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Revision as of 11:33, 14 May 2017

WannaCry cyber attack
Screenshot of the ransom note left on an infected system
Date12 May 2017 (2017-05-12) (ongoing)
LocationWorldwide
Also known asWannaCrypt, WanaCrypt0r
TypeCyber-attack
ThemeRansomware encrypting hard disk with $300 demand
CauseEternalBlue exploit
ParticipantsUnknown
OutcomeMore than 230,000 computers infected[1]
StatusMostly under control[citation needed]

WannaCry (or WannaCrypt,[2] WanaCrypt0r 2.0,[3][4] Wanna Decryptor[5] or similar[a]) is a ransomware program targeting Microsoft Windows.[6] On Friday, 12 May 2017, a large cyber-attack using it was launched, infecting over 230,000 computers in 150 countries, demanding ransom payments in bitcoin in 28 languages.[7] The attack spreads by multiple methods include phishing emails[citation needed] and on unpatched systems as a computer worm. The attack has been described by Europol as unprecedented in scale.[8]

The attack affected Telefónica and several other large companies in Spain, as well as parts of Britain's National Health Service (NHS),[9] FedEx and Deutsche Bahn.[10][11][12] Other targets in at least 99 countries were also reported to have been attacked around the same time.[13][14]

WannaCry is believed to use the EternalBlue exploit, which was developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA)[15][16] to attack computers running Microsoft Windows operating systems.[4][17] Although a patch to remove the underlying vulnerability for supported systems had been issued on 14 March 2017,[18] delays in applying security updates and lack of support by Microsoft of legacy versions of Windows left many users vulnerable.[19] Due to the scale of the attack, to deal with the unsupported Windows systems, Microsoft has taken the unusual step of releasing updates for all older unsupported operating systems from Windows XP onwards.[2][20]

Shortly after the attack began a researcher found an effective kill switch, which prevented many new infections. This greatly slowed the spread. However, it has been reported that subsequently new versions of the attack have been detected which lack the kill switch, thus able to spread to systems in which the vulnerability has not been patched.[21]

Background

The purported infection vector, EternalBlue, was released by the hacker group The Shadow Brokers on 14 April 2017,[22][23] along with other tools apparently leaked from Equation Group, which is believed to be part of the United States National Security Agency.[24][25]

EternalBlue exploits vulnerability MS17-010[18] in Microsoft's implementation of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Microsoft had released a "Critical" advisory, along with an update patch to plug the vulnerability a month before, on 14 March 2017.[18] This patch only fixed Windows Vista and later operating systems but not the older Windows XP.

Attack

Countries initially affected[26]

On 12 May 2017, WannaCry began affecting computers worldwide.[27] The initial infection is via an emailed web link or attachment.[citation needed] If the recipient clicks this, the malware first checks the "kill switch" website. If it is not found, then the ransomware encrypts the computer's hard disk drive,[28][29] then attempts to exploit the SMB vulnerability to spread out to random computers on the Internet,[30] and "laterally" to computers on the same Local Area Network (LAN).[31] As with other modern ransomware, the payload displays a message informing the user that files have been encrypted, and demands a payment of $300 in bitcoin within three days.

The Windows vulnerability is not a zero-day flaw, but one for which Microsoft had made available a security patch on 14 March 2017,[18] nearly two months before the attack. The patch was to the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol used by Windows.[32][33] Organizations that lacked this security patch were affected for this reason, although there is so far no evidence that any were specifically targeted by the ransomware developers.[32] Any organization still running the older Windows XP[34] were at particularly high risk because until 13 May,[2] no security patches had been released since April 2014.[35] Following the attack, Microsoft released a security patch for Windows XP.[2]

According to Wired, affected systems will also have had the DOUBLEPULSAR backdoor installed; this will also need to be removed when systems are decrypted.[36]

WannaCry functionality

It is speculated that WannaCry first spread through a massive email phishing campaign by which email attachments were used to infect machines.[37] Although another ransomware was spread through messages from a bank about a money transfer around the same time[38], no evidence for an initial email phishing campaign has been found in this case.

WannaCrypt would then attempt to install via the leaked backdoor DoublePulsar. If that backdoor wasn't present on the target Windows system it would attempt to exploit a vulnerability in Server Message Block v1 (SMBv1), an outdated network file sharing protocol.[39]

Then, as any other typical ransomware strain, it would infect the computer and encrypt all its data. Once this process is completed it locks the computer to show a demand for ransom.[39] Limited time to gather the required ~$300 worth of bitcoin and pay the ransom is given to the victim with a countdown of a few days being displayed on the screen.

It'll also attempt to spread to other machines on the same local network and scan the Internet for more vulnerable machines.[37]

Impact

The ransomware campaign was unprecedented in scale according to Europol.[8] The attack affected many National Health Service hospitals in the UK.[40] On 12 May, some NHS services had to turn away non-critical emergencies, and some ambulances were diverted.[10][41] In 2016, thousands of computers in 42 separate NHS trusts in England were reported to be still running Windows XP.[34] Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK in Tyne and Wear, one of Europe's most productive car manufacturing plants, halted production after the ransomware infected some of their systems. Renault also stopped production at several sites in an attempt to stop the spread of the ransomware.[42][43]

According to experts the attack's impact could have been much worse if no kill-switch was built in by the malware's creators.[44][45]

Cybersecurity expert Ori Eisen notes that the attack appears to be "low-level" stuff, given the ransom demands of $300 and states that the same thing could be done to crucial infrastructure, like nuclear power plants, dams or railway systems.[46]

List of affected organizations

3

Defensive response

Antivirus companies have updated their software to prevent phishing attacks.

Several hours after the initial release of the ransomware on 12 May 2017, while trying to establish the size of the attack, a researcher accidentally discovered what amounted to be a "kill switch" hardcoded in the malware. Registering a domain name for a DNS sinkhole stopped the attack spreading as a worm. While this didn't help already infected systems, it slowed the spread of the initial infection and gave time for defensive measures to be deployed worldwide, particularly in the United States and Asia which hadn't been attacked much yet. Analysis of the kill switch suggested that it may in fact be a bug in the malware whose code was originally intended to make the attack harder to analyse.[69][70][71][72] However, the kill switch domain needs to be available locally, and the response must be able to reach the malware to effectively work. Some network configurations may actually prevent the kill switch to work.[73]

In an unusual move, Microsoft created security patches for several now-unsupported versions of Windows, including Windows XP, Windows 8 and Windows Server 2003.[74]

Traditional anti-virus software can only clean known threats, however when malware mutates the signature changes, often making such software useless. In order to solve this problem, some companies invented heuristics and behavior analysis mechanisms to detect the actual attack instead of the infection method.[citation needed]

Reactions

Upon learning about the impact on the NHS, Edward Snowden said that had the NSA "privately disclosed the flaw used to attack hospitals when they found it, not when they lost it, [the attack] may not have happened".[75]

British cybersecurity expert Graham Cluley also sees "some culpability on the part of the U.S. intelligence services". According to him and others "they could have done something ages ago to get this problem fixed, and they didn't do it". Furthermore he notes that most people "are living an online life," and that these agencies, despite obvious uses for such tools to spy on people of interest, have a duty to protect their countries' citizens in that realm as well.[76]

This attack shows that the practice of intelligence agencies to stockpile exploits for offensive purposes rather than disclosing them for defensive purposes may be problematic.[45]

In addition the government's apparent inability to secure vulnerabilities "opens a lot of questions about backdoors and access to encryption that the government argues it needs from the private sector for security".[45]

Arne Schönbohm, President of Germany's Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) states that "the current attacks show how vulnerable our digital society is. It's a wake up call for companies to finally take IT-security serious".[33]

Adam Segal, director of the digital and cyberspace policy program at the Council on Foreign Relations states that "the patching and updating systems are broken, basically, in the private sector and in government agencies" and notes that "there's no assurance that even if the government reveals a vulnerability people are going to move quickly enough to make and apply the patch".[45]

According to James Scott from the Institute of Critical Infrastructure Technology ransomware emerged "as an epidemic" back in 2016 with the healthcare sector being particularly vulnerable. He states that "the staff have no cyber-hygiene training, they click on phishing links all the time. The sad thing is they weren't backing up their data properly either, so that's a big problem. They should be doing that all the time." He also notes that "you're only as strong as your weakest link within your organisation from a cyber-perspective".[77]

It is conceivable that the establishment of industry-wide, national and international organizations to identify and help with fixing vulnerabilities, appropriate cyber-security regulations as well as new mechanisms, protocols, standards and software to comprehensively ease and enforce swift software updates may significantly mitigate such malware attacks.[citation needed]

British Prime Minister Theresa May said of the ransomware, "This is not targeted at the NHS. It is an international attack. A number of countries and organizations have been affected."[78] However, opposition[clarification needed] and tech experts have said that the effects of the hack were exacerbated by Conservative underfunding of the NHS as part of the government's austerity measures, in particular the Department of Health's refusal to pay extra to Microsoft in order to keep protecting outdated Windows XP systems from such attacks.[79] Home secretary Amber Rudd refused to say whether patient data had been backed up, and shadow health secretary Jonathan Ashworth accused health secretary Jeremy Hunt of refusing to act on a critical note from Microsoft two months previously, as other warnings from the National Cyber Security Centre and National Crime Agency.[80]

See also

2

Notes

  1. ^ Also known by similar names.

References

  1. ^ Cameron, Dell. "Today's Massive Ransomware Attack Was Mostly Preventable; Here's How To Avoid It". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d MSRC Team. "Customer Guidance for WannaCrypt attacks". Microsoft. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  3. ^ Jakub Kroustek (12 May 2017). "Avast reports on WanaCrypt0r 2.0 ransomware that infected NHS and Telefonica". Avast Security News. Avast Software, Inc.
  4. ^ a b Fox-Brewster, Thomas. "An NSA Cyber Weapon Might Be Behind A Massive Global Ransomware Outbreak". Forbes. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  5. ^ Woollaston, Victoria. "Wanna Decryptor: what is the 'atom bomb of ransomware' behind the NHS attack?". WIRED UK. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  6. ^ The GenX Times Team. "WannaCry Ransomware attack computers worldwide, using NSA exploit codenamed Eternalblue". Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  7. ^ "WannaCry Infecting More Than 230,000 Computers In 99 Countries". Eyerys. 12 May 2017.
  8. ^ a b "Cyber-attack: Europol says it was unprecedented in scale". BBC News. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  9. ^ Marsh, Sarah (12 May 2017). "The NHS trusts hit by malware – full list". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  10. ^ a b "NHS cyber-attack: GPs and hospitals hit by ransomware". BBC News. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  11. ^ Hern, Alex; Gibbs, Samuel (12 May 2017). "What is 'WanaCrypt0r 2.0' ransomware and why is it attacking the NHS?". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  12. ^ "Statement on reported NHS cyber attack". digital.nhs.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  13. ^ Cox, Joseph (12 May 2017). "A Massive Ransomware 'Explosion' Is Hitting Targets All Over the World". Motherboard. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
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  17. ^ Larson, Selena (12 May 2017). "Massive ransomware attack hits 74 countries". CNNMoney. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
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  19. ^ 15:58, 12 May 2017 at; tweet_btn(), John Leyden. "WanaCrypt ransomware snatches NSA exploit, fscks over Telefónica, other orgs in Spain". theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2017. {{cite web}}: |last1= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  26. ^ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39907965
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  49. ^ https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/05/13/ontario-health-ministry-on-high-alert-amid-global-cyberattack.html
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  52. ^ "Instituto Nacional de Salud, entre víctimas de ciberataque mundial". 13 May 2017.
  53. ^ "France's Renault hit in worldwide 'ransomware' cyber attack". france24.com (in Spanish). 13 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  54. ^ "Weltweite Cyberattacke trifft Computer der Deutschen Bahn". faz.net (in German). 13 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  55. ^ Balogh, Csaba (12 May 2017). "Ideért a baj: Magyarországra is elért az óriási kibertámadás". HVG (in Hungarian). Retrieved 13 May 2017.
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  61. ^ Template:Ro icon "UPDATE. Atac cibernetic la MAE. Cine sunt hackerii de elită care au falsificat o adresă NATO". Libertatea. 12 May 2017.
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  64. ^ "Компьютеры РЖД подверглись хакерской атаке и заражены вирусом". Radio Liberty. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  65. ^ a b "Un ataque informático masivo con 'ransomware' afecta a medio mundo". elperiodico.com (in Spanish). 12 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  66. ^ "เซิร์ฟเวอร์เกม Blade & Soul ของ Garena ประเทศไทยถูก WannaCrypt โจมตี". blognone.com (in Thai). 13 May 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  67. ^ a b ""Cyber-attack that crippled NHS systems hits Nissan car factory in Sunderland and Renault in France"". The Independent. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  68. ^ "What is Wannacry and how can it be stopped?". Ft.com. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  69. ^ Newman, Lily Hay. "How an Accidental 'Kill Switch' Slowed Friday's Massive Ransomware Attack". Wired Security. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  70. ^ Solon, Olivia (13 May 2017). "'Accidental hero' finds kill switch to stop spread of ransomware cyber-attack". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  71. ^ Foxx, Chris (13 May 2017). "Global cyber-attack: Security blogger halts ransomware 'by accident'". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  72. ^ Kan, Micael. "A 'kill switch' is slowing the spread of WannaCry ransomware". PC World. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  73. ^ McCausland, Phil; Petulla, Sam. "After Huge Global Cyberattack, Countries Scramble to Halt Spread of Ransomware". NBC News. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  74. ^ "Customer Guidance for WannaCrypt attacks". MSRC. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  75. ^ Wong, Julia Carrie; Solon, Olivia (12 May 2017). "Massive ransomware cyber-attack hits 74 countries around the world". Retrieved 12 May 2017 – via The Guardian.
  76. ^ Heintz, Sylvia Hui, Allen G. Breed and Jim. "Lucky break slows global cyberattack; what's coming could be worse". Retrieved 14 May 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  77. ^ "WannaCry: What is ransomware and how to avoid it". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  78. ^ CNN, Laura Smith-Spark, Milena Veselinovic and Hilary McGann. "UK prime minister: Ransomware attack is global". CNN. Retrieved 13 May 2017. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  79. ^ "The ransomware attack is all about the insufficient funding of the NHS". The Guardian. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  80. ^ "Jeremy Hunt 'ignored warning signs' before cyber-attack hit NHS". The Guardian. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
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