Toona: Difference between revisions

Toona
	Toona ciliata (Type species)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Meliaceae
Genus:	Toona; (Endl.) M.Roem.
Species
	See text.
Synonyms
	Surenus Kuntze

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Revision as of 17:30, 23 May 2017

Toona, commonly known as redcedar,^[2] toon (also spelled tun) or toona, is a genus in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, native from Afghanistan south to India, and east to North Korea, Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia.^[3] In older texts, the genus was often incorporated within a wider circumscription of the related genus Cedrela, but that genus is now restricted to species from the Americas.

Uses

Ornamental

Toona sinensis is of interest as by far the most cold-tolerant species in the Meliaceae, native in China as far north as 40°N in the Beijing area, where its tender shoots, called xiangchun (Chinese: 香椿; pinyin: xiāngchūn), are a traditional local leaf vegetable. It is the only member of the family that can be cultivated successfully in northern Europe, where it is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree in parks and avenues. Until recently, it had no widespread English common name, though Chinese Mahogany (reflecting its botanical relationship) is now used (e.g. Rushforth 1999).^[4]

Wood

Toona ciliata is an important timber tree. It provides a valuable hardwood used for furniture, ornamental panelling, shipbuilding, and musical instruments like the sitar, rudra veena, and drums. Due to the restrictions in recent years on the use of natively-grown American mahogany,^[5] it has become one of the common mahogany replacements in electric guitar manufacturing.

Medicine and Food

Toona sinensis is used in Chinese traditional medicine and eaten as a vegetable in China (leaves and shoots).

Species

The following include accepted species in the Plant List:

Toona australis (F. Muell.) Harms
Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe – kalantas, Philippine mahogany, Philippine cedar^[6]
Toona ciliata M.Roem. (syn. T. australis) – Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany^[7]
Toona fargesii A. Chev.
Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem. – Chinese mahogany or Chinese toon
Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. (syn. T. febrifuga) – Suren, Indonesian mahogany, Vietnamese mahogany^[8]

References

^ "Genus: Toona (Endl.) M. Roem". Germplasm Resources Information Network. 1996-09-17. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
^ NRCS. "Toona". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 11 December 2015.
^ Mabberley, David (2008). Mabberley's Plant-Book (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 863. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
^ Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. London: HarperCollins.
^ http://www.cites.org/eng/prog/mwg.php
^ ASEAN Tropical Plant Database. "Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe". National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
^ "Toona ciliata Roem". India Biodiversity Portal. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
^ "GRIN Species Records of Toona". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Retrieved 2011-04-21.

External links

University of Melbourne: Sorting Toona names
New England, The Wilderness Society, Armidale Branch
New South Wales Flora Online
Hua Peng and Jennifer M. Edmonds. "Toona". Flora of China. Retrieved 19 January 2014.

[GRIN-1] "Genus: Toona (Endl.) M. Roem". Germplasm Resources Information Network. 1996-09-17. Retrieved 2011-04-21.

[2] NRCS. "Toona". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 11 December 2015.

[3] Mabberley, David (2008). Mabberley's Plant-Book (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 863. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.

[4] Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. London: HarperCollins.

[5] ttp://www.cites.org/eng/prog/mwg.php

[calantas-6] ASEAN Tropical Plant Database. "Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe". National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea. Retrieved December 12, 2013.

[ind-7] "Toona ciliata Roem". India Biodiversity Portal. Retrieved December 12, 2013.

[GRINSpecies-8] "GRIN Species Records of Toona". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Retrieved 2011-04-21.

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@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ''[[Toona sinensis]]'' is used in Chinese traditional medicine and eaten as a vegetable in China (leaves and shoots).
+==Species==
-==Selected species==
+The following include accepted species in [[the Plant List]]:
+*''[[Toona australis]]'' <small>(F. Muell.) Harms</small>
 *''[[Toona calantas]]'' <small>Merr. & Rolfe</small> &ndash; kalantas, Philippine mahogany, Philippine cedar<ref name="calantas">{{cite web|url=http://211.114.21.20/tropicalplant/html/print.jsp?rno=193|title=''Toona calantas'' Merr. & Rolfe|author=ASEAN Tropical Plant Database|publisher=National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea|accessdate=December 12, 2013}}</ref>
 *''[[Toona ciliata]]'' <small>M.Roem.</small> (syn. ''T. australis'') &ndash; Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany<ref name="ind">{{cite web|url=http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31866|title=''Toona ciliata'' Roem. |publisher=India Biodiversity Portal|accessdate=December 12, 2013}}</ref>
+*''[[Toona fargesii]]'' <small>A. Chev.</small>
 *''[[Toona sinensis]]'' <small>(A.Juss.) M.Roem.</small> &ndash; Chinese mahogany or Chinese toon
 *''[[Toona sureni]]'' <small>(Blume) Merr.</small> (syn. ''T. febrifuga'') &ndash; Suren, Indonesian mahogany, Vietnamese mahogany<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12192 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Toona'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |accessdate=2011-04-21}}</ref>