Jump to content

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh: Difference between revisions

Page extended-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m One Man's Terrorist Is Another Man's Freedom Fighter.
Line 1: Line 1:
⚫
{{for|the Vietnamese People's Navy frigate|Gepard class frigate}}
{{Pp-semi-indef}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Refimprove|date = May 2013}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2013}}
⚫
{{For|the Vietnamese People's Navy frigate|Vietnamese frigate Dinh Tien Hoang (HQ-011)}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Đinh Bộ Lĩnh<br>{{Linktext|丁|部|領}}
|name=Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
|full name = Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (丁部領)<br>Đinh Hoàng (丁璜)<br>Đinh Hoàn (丁桓 or 丁環)
|full name=Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
|title = Emperor of [[Đại Việt|Đại Cồ Việt]]<br>Emperor Đại Thắng Minh
|title=[[List of Vietnamese monarchs|Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt]]<br/>Emperor Đại Thắng Minh
|image = VuaDinhTienHoang.jpg
|image=VuaDinhTienHoang.jpg
|caption = A statue of Đinh Tiên Hoàng in [[Hoa Lư]]
|caption=A statue of Đinh Tiên Hoàng in [[Hoa Lư]]
|reign = 968 - 979
|reign=968–979
|predecessor = ''none''
|predecessor=''none''
|successor = [[Đinh Phế Đế]]
|successor=[[Đinh Phế Đế]]
|house = [[Đinh dynasty]]
|house= [[Đinh Dynasty]]
|father = [[Đinh Công Trứ]]
|father=[[Đinh Công Trứ]]
|mother =
|mother=
|spouse = [[Dương Vân Nga]]
|spouse=[[Dương Vân Nga]]
|issue = [[Đinh Liễn]]<br>[[Đinh Phế Đế|Đinh Toàn]]<br>[[Đinh Hạng Lang]]
|issue=[[Đinh Liễn]]<br />[[Đinh Phế Đế|Đinh Toàn]]<br />[[Đinh Hạng Lang]]
|birth_date = 924
|birth_date=924
|birth_place = [[Gia Viễn District|Gia Viễn]], [[Ninh Bình Province|Ninh Bình]], [[Annam (province)|Giao Chỉ]]
|birth_place = [[Hoa Lư]], [[Names of Vietnam|Annam]]
|death_date = 979
|death_date=979
|death_place = [[Hoa Lư]], [[Ninh Bình Province|Ninh Bình]], [[Vietnam|Đại Cồ Việt]]
|death_place = [[Hoa Lư|Tràng An]], [[Names of Vietnam|Annam]]
|era name = Thái Bình (太平)
|era name =Thái Bình (太平)
|era dates = 970 - 980
| era dates =970–980
}}
}}


'''Đinh Bộ Lĩnh''' ([[History of writing in Vietnam|chữ Hán]]: {{Linktext|丁|部|領}}; 924 - 979) (r. 968 - 979), originally named '''Đinh Hoàng''' ({{Linktext|丁|璜}}) or '''Đinh Hoàn''' ({{Linktext|丁|桓}} or {{Linktext|丁|環}}), was the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] emperor following the liberation of the country from the rule of the Chinese [[Southern Han]] dynasty, as well as the founder of the short-lived [[Đinh dynasty]] and a significant figure in the establishment of Vietnamese independence and political unity in the 10th century. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh is also known by his [[posthumous name]] '''Đinh Tiên Hoàng''' ({{Linktext|丁|先|皇}}).
'''Đinh Bộ Lĩnh''' (924–979) (r. 968–979), originally named '''Đinh Hoàn''' ([[wikt:丁|丁]][[wikt:桓|桓]]<ref>[[Trần Trọng Kim]] says in [[:vi:s:Việt Nam sử lược/Quyển I/Phần III/Chương II|Việt Nam sử lược]]:"{{lang|vi|Có sách chép rằng Đinh Tiên-hoàng tên là Hoàn 桓, chứ không phải là Bộ Lĩnh. Bộ Lĩnh là một tước quan của Trần Lãm phong cho Đinh Hoàn. Nhưng xét trong " Khâm-định Việt-sử " và các sách khác thì thấy chép Đinh bộ Lĩnh chứ không thấy Đinh Hoàn. Vậy nay cứ theo sách Khâm-định mà chép.}}" (According to some books, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's original name is 桓.) )</ref> or [[wikt:丁|丁]][[wikt:環|環]]), was the first [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] emperor following the liberation of the country from the rule of the Chinese [[Southern Han]] Dynasty, as well as the founder of the short-lived [[Đinh Dynasty]] and a significant figure in the establishment of Vietnamese independence and political unity in the 10th century. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh is also known by his [[posthumous name]] '''Đinh Tiên Hoàng''' ([[wikt:丁|丁]][[wikt:先|先]][[wikt:皇|皇]]).


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
{{Chinese
⚫
Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was born in 924 in [[Hoa Lư]] (south of the [[Red River Delta]], in what is today [[Ninh Bình Province]]). Growing up in a local village during the disintegration of the Chinese [[Tang dynasty]] that had dominated Vietnam for centuries, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh became a local military leader at a very young age. From this turbulent era, the first independent Vietnamese polity emerged when the warlord [[Ngô Quyền]] defeated the Southern Han's forces in the [[Battle of Bạch Đằng (938)|First Battle of the Bạch Đằng River]] in 938. However, the [[Ngô dynasty]] was weak and unable to effectively unify Vietnam. Faced with the domestic anarchy produced by the competition of twelve independent feudal warlords for control of the country, as well as the external threat represented by Southern Han, which regarded itself as the heir to the ancient kingdom of [[Nanyue|Nam Việt]] that had encompassed not only southern China but also the [[Gulf of Tonkin|Bac Bo]] region of northern Vietnam, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh sought a strategy to politically unify the Vietnamese. Upon the death of the last [[Ngô dynasty|Ngô]] king in 965, he seized power and founded a new kingdom the capital of which was in his home district of [[Hoa Lư]]. To establish his legitimacy in relation to the previous dynasty, he married a woman of the Ngô family.<ref>Hữu Ngọc ''Wandering through Vietnamese culture'' 2004- Page 393 "[[Nguyễn Bặc]]... and statesmen who helped Đinh Bộ Lĩnh put an end to the period of anarchy of the Twelve Warlords before the [[Đinh dynasty]]."</ref>
|vie=Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
|hn={{linktext|丁|部|領}}
}}
⚫
Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was born in 924 in [[Hoa Lư]] (south of the [[Red River Delta]], in what is today [[Ninh Bình Province]]). Growing up in a local village during the disintegration of the Chinese [[Tang Dynasty]] that had dominated Vietnam for centuries, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh became a local military leader at a very young age. From this turbulent era, the first independent Vietnamese polity emerged when the warlord [[Ngô Quyền]] defeated the Southern Han's forces in the [[Battle of Bạch Đằng (938)|First Battle of the Bạch Đằng River]] in 938. However, the [[Ngô Dynasty]] was weak and unable to effectively unify Vietnam. Faced with the domestic anarchy produced by the competition of [[Anarchy of the 12 Warlords|twelve independent feudal warlords for control of the country]], as well as the external threat represented by Southern Han, which regarded itself as the heir to the ancient kingdom of [[Nan Yue]] that had encompassed not only southern China but also the [[Bac Bo]] region of northern Vietnam, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh sought a strategy to politically unify the Vietnamese. Upon the death of the last [[Ngô Dynasty|Ngô]] king in 965, he seized power and founded a new kingdom the capital of which was in his home district of [[Hoa Lư]]. To establish his legitimacy in relation to the previous dynasty, he married a woman of the Ngô family.<ref>Hữu Ngọc ''Wandering through Vietnamese culture'' 2004- Page 393 "[[Nguyễn Bặc]]... and statesmen who helped Đinh Bộ Lĩnh put an end to the period of anarchy of the Twelve Warlords before the [[Đinh Dynasty]]."</ref>
⚫
[[Image:Temple commémoratif au roi Dinh Tien Hoang (Hoa Lu).jpg|thumb|right|Temple dedicated to the emperor Dinh Tien Hoang at [[Hoa Lu Ancient Capital]] – [[Ninh Bình]]]]
⚫
In the first years of his reign, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was especially careful to avoid antagonizing [[Southern Han]]. In 968, however, he took the provocative step of adopting the title of Emperor (Hoàng Đế) and thereby declaring his independence from Chinese overlordship. He founded the Đinh Dynasty and called his kingdom [[Đại Cồ Việt]]. His outlook changed, however, when the powerful [[Song Dynasty]] annexed Southern Han in 971. In 972, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh ingratiated himself with the Song by sending a tribute mission to demonstrate his fealty to the Chinese Emperor. [[Emperor Taizu of Song]] subsequently recognized the Viet ruler as [[Giao Chỉ]] Quận Vương (King of Giao Chi), a title which expressed a theoretical relationship of vassalage in submission to the empire. Well aware of Song's military might, and eager to safeguard the independence of his country, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh obtained a non-aggression agreement in exchange for tributes payable to the Chinese court every three years.


⚫
In addition to managing relations with China, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh energetically reformed the administration and the armed forces of Vietnam in order to strengthen the foundations of the new state. He established a royal court and a hierarchy of civil and military servants. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh also instituted a rigorous justice system in which treason was punishable by being cooked in a vat of boiling oil or by being fed to a caged tiger, so as to provide a deterrent to all who threatened the new order in the kingdom.
⚫
[[File:Temple commémoratif au roi Dinh Tien Hoang (Hoa Lu).jpg|thumb|right|Temple dedicated to the emperor Dinh Tien Hoang at [[Hoa Lu Ancient Capital]] - [[Ninh Bình]]]]


⚫
However, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's reign did not last long. In 979, a palace official, inspired by a dream killed both Đinh Bộ Lĩnh and his eldest son Đinh Liễn while they were sleeping in the palace courtyard. The killer was quickly apprehended and executed by general [[Nguyễn Bặc]]. Bộ Lĩnh was succeeded by his six-year-old surviving son [[Dinh Phe De]].
⚫
In the first years of his reign, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was especially careful to avoid antagonizing [[Southern Han]]. In 968, however, he took the provocative step of adopting the title of Emperor (Hoàng Đế) and thereby declaring his independence from Chinese overlordship. He founded the Đinh dynasty and called his empire Đại Cồ Việt. His outlook changed, however, when the powerful [[Song dynasty]] annexed Southern Han in 971. In 972, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh ingratiated himself with the Song by sending a tribute mission to demonstrate his fealty to the Chinese Emperor. [[Emperor Taizu of Song]] subsequently recognized the Viet ruler as [[Jiaozhi|Giao Chỉ]] Quận Vương (Prince of Giao Chi), a title which expressed a theoretical relationship of vassalage in submission to the empire. Well aware of Song's military might, and eager to safeguard the independence of his country, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh obtained a non-aggression agreement in exchange for tributes payable to the Chinese court every three years.


⚫
The Song Chinese Emperor wanted to take advantage of the turbulent situation in Đại Cồ Việt in order to reestablish Chinese control over the county, and he sent an army to invade Vietnam. In this crisis, [[Lê Hoàn]], the commander-in-chief of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's army, stepped into the power vacuum, dethroned the child emperor, eliminated his opponents at court, and entered into illicit relations with the Empress Dowager [[Dương Vân Nga]]. Lê Hoàn defeated the Song invasion, proclaimed himself Emperor, and founded the [[Early Lê Dynasty]]. He continued to call the country "Đại Cồ Việt."
⚫
In addition to managing relations with China, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh energetically reformed the administration and the armed forces of Vietnam in order to strengthen the foundations of the new state. He established a royal court and a hierarchy of civil and military servants. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh also instituted a rigorous justice system in which treason was punishable by being cooked in a vat of boiling oil or by being fed to a caged tiger, so as to provide a deterrent to all who threatened the new order in the empire.

⚫
However, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's reign did not last long. In 979, a palace official, inspired by a dream killed both Đinh Bộ Lĩnh and his eldest son Đinh Liễn while they were sleeping in the palace courtyard. The killer was quickly apprehended and executed by general [[Nguyễn Bặc]]. Bộ Lĩnh was succeeded by his six-year-old surviving son [[Đinh Phế Đế]].

⚫
The Song Chinese Emperor wanted to take advantage of the turbulent situation in Đại Cồ Việt in order to reestablish Chinese control over the county, and he sent an army to invade Vietnam. In this crisis, [[Lê Hoàn]], the commander-in-chief of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's army, stepped into the power vacuum, dethroned the child emperor, eliminated his opponents at court, and entered into illicit relations with the Empress Dowager [[Dương Vân Nga]]. Lê Hoàn defeated the Song invasion, proclaimed himself Emperor, and founded the [[Early Lê dynasty]]. He continued to call the country "Đại Cồ Việt".


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Đinh Tiên Hoàng}}
*[http://vietsciences.free.fr/vietnam/danhnhan/vua/dinhtienhoang.htm The article about Đinh Bộ Lĩnh on Vietsciences.free.fr]
*[http://vietsciences.free.fr/vietnam/danhnhan/vua/dinhtienhoang.htm The article about Đinh Bộ Lĩnh on Vietsciences.free.fr]
⚫
{{s-start}}

{{succession box|
⚫
{{S-start}}
⚫
before=''none''|
{{Succession box
⚫
title=Emperor of [[Đại Cồ Việt]]|
⚫
|before = ''none''
⚫
after=[[Đinh Phế Đế]]|
⚫
|title = [[List of monarchs of Vietnam|Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt]]
years=968–979
⚫
|after = [[Đinh Phế Đế]]
|years = 968 - 979
}}
}}
{{S-end}}
{{s-end}}
{{Seven Heroes of Giao-châu}}
{{Notable families in early independent Vietnam}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dinh Bo Linh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dinh Bo Linh}}

⚫
[[Category:10th-century murder victims]]
⚫
[[Category:10th-century Vietnamese monarchy]]
[[Category:924 births]]
[[Category:924 births]]
[[Category:979 deaths]]
[[Category:979 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:10th-century murder victims]]
[[Category:Đinh dynasty emperors]]
[[Category:Đinh dynasty emperors]]
[[Category:Murdered monarchs]]
[[Category:Murdered monarchs]]
⚫
[[Category:10th-century Vietnamese monarchy]]
[[Category:Vietnamese murder victims]]
[[Category:Vietnamese murder victims]]
[[Category:Đinh dynasty]]

Revision as of 14:55, 27 May 2017

For the Vietnamese People's Navy frigate, see Gepard class frigate.

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt
Emperor Đại Thắng Minh
A statue of Đinh Tiên Hoàng in Hoa Lư
Reign968–979
Predecessornone
SuccessorĐinh Phế Đế
Born924
Hoa Lư, Annam
Died979
Tràng An, Annam
SpouseDương Vân Nga
IssueĐinh Liễn
Đinh Toàn
Đinh Hạng Lang
Names
Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
Era name and dates
Thái Bình (太平): 970–980
HouseĐinh Dynasty
FatherĐinh Công Trứ

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (924–979) (r. 968–979), originally named Đinh Hoàn (丁桓[1] or 丁環), was the first Vietnamese emperor following the liberation of the country from the rule of the Chinese Southern Han Dynasty, as well as the founder of the short-lived Đinh Dynasty and a significant figure in the establishment of Vietnamese independence and political unity in the 10th century. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh is also known by his posthumous name Đinh Tiên Hoàng (丁先皇).

Life and career

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
Vietnamese name
VietnameseĐinh Bộ Lĩnh
Hán-Nôm丁部領

Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was born in 924 in Hoa Lư (south of the Red River Delta, in what is today Ninh Bình Province). Growing up in a local village during the disintegration of the Chinese Tang Dynasty that had dominated Vietnam for centuries, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh became a local military leader at a very young age. From this turbulent era, the first independent Vietnamese polity emerged when the warlord Ngô Quyền defeated the Southern Han's forces in the First Battle of the Bạch Đằng River in 938. However, the Ngô Dynasty was weak and unable to effectively unify Vietnam. Faced with the domestic anarchy produced by the competition of twelve independent feudal warlords for control of the country, as well as the external threat represented by Southern Han, which regarded itself as the heir to the ancient kingdom of Nan Yue that had encompassed not only southern China but also the Bac Bo region of northern Vietnam, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh sought a strategy to politically unify the Vietnamese. Upon the death of the last Ngô king in 965, he seized power and founded a new kingdom the capital of which was in his home district of Hoa Lư. To establish his legitimacy in relation to the previous dynasty, he married a woman of the Ngô family.[2]

Temple dedicated to the emperor Dinh Tien Hoang at Hoa Lu Ancient Capital – Ninh Bình

In the first years of his reign, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was especially careful to avoid antagonizing Southern Han. In 968, however, he took the provocative step of adopting the title of Emperor (Hoàng Đế) and thereby declaring his independence from Chinese overlordship. He founded the Đinh Dynasty and called his kingdom Đại Cồ Việt. His outlook changed, however, when the powerful Song Dynasty annexed Southern Han in 971. In 972, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh ingratiated himself with the Song by sending a tribute mission to demonstrate his fealty to the Chinese Emperor. Emperor Taizu of Song subsequently recognized the Viet ruler as Giao Chỉ Quận Vương (King of Giao Chi), a title which expressed a theoretical relationship of vassalage in submission to the empire. Well aware of Song's military might, and eager to safeguard the independence of his country, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh obtained a non-aggression agreement in exchange for tributes payable to the Chinese court every three years.

In addition to managing relations with China, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh energetically reformed the administration and the armed forces of Vietnam in order to strengthen the foundations of the new state. He established a royal court and a hierarchy of civil and military servants. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh also instituted a rigorous justice system in which treason was punishable by being cooked in a vat of boiling oil or by being fed to a caged tiger, so as to provide a deterrent to all who threatened the new order in the kingdom.

However, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's reign did not last long. In 979, a palace official, inspired by a dream killed both Đinh Bộ Lĩnh and his eldest son Đinh Liễn while they were sleeping in the palace courtyard. The killer was quickly apprehended and executed by general Nguyễn Bặc. Bộ Lĩnh was succeeded by his six-year-old surviving son Dinh Phe De.

The Song Chinese Emperor wanted to take advantage of the turbulent situation in Đại Cồ Việt in order to reestablish Chinese control over the county, and he sent an army to invade Vietnam. In this crisis, Lê Hoàn, the commander-in-chief of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's army, stepped into the power vacuum, dethroned the child emperor, eliminated his opponents at court, and entered into illicit relations with the Empress Dowager Dương Vân Nga. Lê Hoàn defeated the Song invasion, proclaimed himself Emperor, and founded the Early Lê Dynasty. He continued to call the country "Đại Cồ Việt."

References

  1. ^ Trần Trọng Kim says in Việt Nam sử lược:"Có sách chép rằng Đinh Tiên-hoàng tên là Hoàn 桓, chứ không phải là Bộ Lĩnh. Bộ Lĩnh là một tước quan của Trần Lãm phong cho Đinh Hoàn. Nhưng xét trong " Khâm-định Việt-sử " và các sách khác thì thấy chép Đinh bộ Lĩnh chứ không thấy Đinh Hoàn. Vậy nay cứ theo sách Khâm-định mà chép." (According to some books, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's original name is 桓.) )
  2. ^ Hữu Ngọc Wandering through Vietnamese culture 2004- Page 393 "Nguyễn Bặc... and statesmen who helped Đinh Bộ Lĩnh put an end to the period of anarchy of the Twelve Warlords before the Đinh Dynasty."
Preceded by
none
 Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt
968–979 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Đinh_Bộ_Lĩnh&oldid=782535366"