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==Early history==
==Early history==
Gibbs was born in [[Penarth]] in 1915, the son of shipowner and [[Wales national rugby union team|Wales]] international [[rugby union|rugby]] player [[Reggie Gibbs]]. He was educated at [[Oundle School]] in [[Northamptonshire]] and was awarded a cadetship to [[Royal Air Force College Cranwell|RAF College Cranwell]] in 1934. At Oundle and Cranwell, Gibbs, like his father, excelled as a sportsman, especially in rugby, tennis and squash.<ref name="Independent obit">{{cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/wing-cdr-patrick-gibbs-air-ace-and-journalist-815380.html | title=Wing Cdr Patrick Gibbs: Air ace and journalist | work=[[The Independent]] | author= Nicolas Barker | date=25 April 2008 | accessdate=4 March 2009}}</ref> He trained as a pilot and specialised in maritime strike and reconnaissance.<ref name="Telegraph obit"/> On 1 August 1936 he was commissioned into the [[Royal Air Force]] as a [[pilot officer]],<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=34323|startpage=5940|date=15 September 1936|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref> and was seconded to the [[Fleet Air Arm]] for two years. With them he flew [[Blackburn Shark|Shark]] and [[Fairey Swordfish|Swordfish]] planes off [[aircraft carrier]]s, and he gained his first experience of launching torpedoes from the air.<ref name="Telegraph obit"/><ref name="Independent obit"/> Gibbs was then posted to the Torpedo Training School at [[Gosport]], where he became an instructor in [[aerial torpedo]]ing.
Gibbs was born in [[Penarth]] in 1915, the son of shipowner and [[Wales national rugby union team|Wales]] international [[rugby union|rugby]] player [[Reggie Gibbs]]. He was educated at [[Oundle School]] in [[Northamptonshire]] and was awarded a cadetship to [[Royal Air Force College Cranwell|RAF College Cranwell]] in 1934. At Oundle and Cranwell, Gibbs, like his father, excelled as a sportsman, especially in rugby, tennis and squash.<ref name="Independent obit">{{cite web | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/wing-cdr-patrick-gibbs-air-ace-and-journalist-815380.html | title=Wing Cdr Patrick Gibbs: Air ace and journalist | work=[[The Independent]] | author= Nicolas Barker | date=25 April 2008 | accessdate=4 March 2009}}</ref> He trained as a pilot and specialised in maritime strike and reconnaissance.<ref name="Telegraph obit"/> On 1 August 1936 he was commissioned into the [[Royal Air Force]] as a [[pilot officer]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34323|page=5940|date=15 September 1936}}</ref> and was seconded to the [[Fleet Air Arm]] for two years. With them he flew [[Blackburn Shark|Shark]] and [[Fairey Swordfish|Swordfish]] planes off [[aircraft carrier]]s, and he gained his first experience of launching torpedoes from the air.<ref name="Telegraph obit"/><ref name="Independent obit"/> Gibbs was then posted to the Torpedo Training School at [[Gosport]], where he became an instructor in [[aerial torpedo]]ing.


==Second World War==
==Second World War==
At the outbreak of World War II, Gibbs was still posted at Gosport, but on 1 February 1940 he was promoted [[flight lieutenant]],<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=34790|startpage=853|date=13 February 1940|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref> and then joined [[No. 22 Squadron RAF|No. 22 Squadron]], as a flight commander in [[Coastal Command]], at RAF North Cotes, [[Lincolnshire]].<ref name="Times obit">{{cite web | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3619964.ece | title=Wing Commander Patrick Gibbs | work=[[The Times]] | author= | date=26 March 2008 | accessdate=4 March 2009}}</ref> He then commenced a year-long tour of duty running sorties against enemy shipping off the coasts of [[Norway]] and the [[Netherlands]] and bombing raids on [[Biscay]] ports.<ref name="Independent obit"/><ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=35287|supp=yes|startpage=5596|date=23 September 1942|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref> He was promoted to temporary [[squadron leader]] on 1 March 1941,<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=35102|startpage=1448|endpage=1450|date=11 March 1941|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref> and on 26 September 1941 he was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] (DFC) for his performance in that role. By then he was in the midst of another six-month stint training pilots.<ref name="Telegraph obit"/><ref name="Independent obit"/> Bored by the training post, Gibbs volunteered for service in the [[Middle East]] and was posted to the [[Cairo]] headquarters of the Air Staff. He was given an administrative post, which he found extremely frustrating. He managed to persuade his superiors that the [[Bristol Beaufort|Beauforts]], which he flew with the 22 Squadron, could have a role in disrupting [[Erwin Rommel|Rommel's]] oil supplies in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]. In 1942 Gibbs was posted to [[No. 39 Squadron RAF|No. 39 Squadron]] at [[Sidi Barrani]] and on his first sortie he managed to sink an Italian ship after releasing a torpedo from just 50 feet.<ref name="Independent obit"/> Gibbs soon realised that the convoy targets he wanted to attack were out of range of the Beauforts, and after crash-landing on [[Malta]], took his proposal to [[Hugh Pughe Lloyd|Air-Vice Marshal Lloyd]] that he and the Beauforts would be more effective posted on the island. He was given permission, though Gibbs later revealed that the Air Ministry in London believed he was reinforcing India.<ref name="Guardian obit">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/apr/14/military.pressandpublishing | title=Wing Cdr Patrick Gibbs | work=[[The Guardian]] | author= Eric Shorter | date=14 April 2008 | accessdate=4 March 2009}}</ref> He was promoted temporary wing commander on 1 June 1942.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=35650|supp=yes|startpage=3355|date=28 July 1942|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref> Gibbs flew four sorties from Malta between 22 July and 4 August, twice turning back the convoys. On the final sortie his Beaufort was badly damaged and he crash landed his plane on Malta for a second time.<ref name="Independent obit"/> For his actions from Malta he was awarded a [[Medal bar|Bar]] to his DFC on 7 July 1942:
At the outbreak of World War II, Gibbs was still posted at Gosport, but on 1 February 1940 he was promoted [[flight lieutenant]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34790|page=853|date=13 February 1940}}</ref> and then joined [[No. 22 Squadron RAF|No. 22 Squadron]], as a flight commander in [[Coastal Command]], at RAF North Cotes, [[Lincolnshire]].<ref name="Times obit">{{cite web | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3619964.ece | title=Wing Commander Patrick Gibbs | work=[[The Times]] | author= | date=26 March 2008 | accessdate=4 March 2009}}</ref> He then commenced a year-long tour of duty running sorties against enemy shipping off the coasts of [[Norway]] and the [[Netherlands]] and bombing raids on [[Biscay]] ports.<ref name="Independent obit"/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35287|supp=y|page=5596|date=23 September 1942}}</ref> He was promoted to temporary [[squadron leader]] on 1 March 1941,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35102|pages=1448–1450|date=11 March 1941}}</ref> and on 26 September 1941 he was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Flying Cross]] (DFC) for his performance in that role. By then he was in the midst of another six-month stint training pilots.<ref name="Telegraph obit"/><ref name="Independent obit"/> Bored by the training post, Gibbs volunteered for service in the [[Middle East]] and was posted to the [[Cairo]] headquarters of the Air Staff. He was given an administrative post, which he found extremely frustrating. He managed to persuade his superiors that the [[Bristol Beaufort|Beauforts]], which he flew with the 22 Squadron, could have a role in disrupting [[Erwin Rommel|Rommel's]] oil supplies in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]. In 1942 Gibbs was posted to [[No. 39 Squadron RAF|No. 39 Squadron]] at [[Sidi Barrani]] and on his first sortie he managed to sink an Italian ship after releasing a torpedo from just 50 feet.<ref name="Independent obit"/> Gibbs soon realised that the convoy targets he wanted to attack were out of range of the Beauforts, and after crash-landing on [[Malta]], took his proposal to [[Hugh Pughe Lloyd|Air-Vice Marshal Lloyd]] that he and the Beauforts would be more effective posted on the island. He was given permission, though Gibbs later revealed that the Air Ministry in London believed he was reinforcing India.<ref name="Guardian obit">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/apr/14/military.pressandpublishing | title=Wing Cdr Patrick Gibbs | work=[[The Guardian]] | author= Eric Shorter | date=14 April 2008 | accessdate=4 March 2009}}</ref> He was promoted temporary wing commander on 1 June 1942.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35650|supp=y|page=3355|date=28 July 1942}}</ref> Gibbs flew four sorties from Malta between 22 July and 4 August, twice turning back the convoys. On the final sortie his Beaufort was badly damaged and he crash landed his plane on Malta for a second time.<ref name="Independent obit"/> For his actions from Malta he was awarded a [[Medal bar|Bar]] to his DFC on 7 July 1942:


{{quote|''Air Ministry. 7 July 1942.''
{{quote|''Air Ministry. 7 July 1942.''
Line 41: Line 41:
Squadron Leader Reginald Patrick Mahoney GIBBS, D.F.C. (33250), No. 39 Squadron.
Squadron Leader Reginald Patrick Mahoney GIBBS, D.F.C. (33250), No. 39 Squadron.


Early in June 1942, Squadron Leader Gibbs attacked and sank a large enemy merchant vessel. Some time afterwards this officer participated in an attack on an Italian naval force. Despite opposition from enemy fighters and in the face of defensive fire from the naval vessels, Squadron Leader Gibbs successfully launched his torpedo at the leading warship. He flew his extensively damaged aircraft safely to base where he executed a skilful landing. This officer has at all times displayed great skill and devotion to duty. He has contributed materially to the operational efficiency of his squadron.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=35621|supp=yes|startpage=2979|date=3 July 1942|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref>}}
Early in June 1942, Squadron Leader Gibbs attacked and sank a large enemy merchant vessel. Some time afterwards this officer participated in an attack on an Italian naval force. Despite opposition from enemy fighters and in the face of defensive fire from the naval vessels, Squadron Leader Gibbs successfully launched his torpedo at the leading warship. He flew his extensively damaged aircraft safely to base where he executed a skilful landing. This officer has at all times displayed great skill and devotion to duty. He has contributed materially to the operational efficiency of his squadron.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35621|supp=y|page=2979|date=3 July 1942}}</ref>}}


He continued leading attacks throughout August, which had a considerable impact on the war in the Mediterranean and altered the attitude of RAF command towards aerial tactics.<ref name="Guardian obit"/> Gibbs' war substantive rank was increased to squadron leader on 1 September 1942.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=35755|supp=yes|startpage=4594|date=20 October 1942|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref> By then Gibbs was exhausted and returned to Britain, and on 18 September the award of the [[Distinguished Service Order]] was gazetted:
He continued leading attacks throughout August, which had a considerable impact on the war in the Mediterranean and altered the attitude of RAF command towards aerial tactics.<ref name="Guardian obit"/> Gibbs' war substantive rank was increased to squadron leader on 1 September 1942.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35755|supp=y|page=4594|date=20 October 1942}}</ref> By then Gibbs was exhausted and returned to Britain, and on 18 September the award of the [[Distinguished Service Order]] was gazetted:


{{quote|''Air Ministry, 18 September 1942.''
{{quote|''Air Ministry, 18 September 1942.''
Line 55: Line 55:
Wing Commander Reginald Patrick Mahoney GIBBS, D.F.C. (33250), No. 30 Squadron.
Wing Commander Reginald Patrick Mahoney GIBBS, D.F.C. (33250), No. 30 Squadron.


This officer, who has achieved much success in torpedo bomber sorties, has displayed fine qualities of leadership, combined with exceptional skill. Throughout, his courage has been of a high order and has proved a source of inspiration to all.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=35709|supp=yes|startpage=4059|date=15 September 1942|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref>}}
This officer, who has achieved much success in torpedo bomber sorties, has displayed fine qualities of leadership, combined with exceptional skill. Throughout, his courage has been of a high order and has proved a source of inspiration to all.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35709|supp=y|page=4059|date=15 September 1942}}</ref>}}


On 20 November 1942 his rank of squadron leader was made fully substantive, backdated all the way to 1 March 1941.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=35791|supp=yes|startpage=5034|date=17 November 1942|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref> He was kept from active service and was given a role in the [[Air Ministry]], but by 1944 the strain from his flying days caught up with him and he was invalided out as a wing commander on 24 February.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=37724|supp=yes|startpage=4619|date=13 September 1946|accessdate=6 March 2009}}</ref>
On 20 November 1942 his rank of squadron leader was made fully substantive, backdated all the way to 1 March 1941.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=35791|supp=y|page=5034|date=17 November 1942}}</ref> He was kept from active service and was given a role in the [[Air Ministry]], but by 1944 the strain from his flying days caught up with him and he was invalided out as a wing commander on 24 February.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37724|supp=y|page=4619|date=13 September 1946}}</ref>


While in the Air Ministry, Gibbs wrote a book on his experiences, ''Not Peace but a Sword''. The book took in his early life and his war experiences up to his posting in Cairo. The book was a success and he began work on a sequel, but his publishers believed that with the end of the war the book would not be as well received and it was shelved.
While in the Air Ministry, Gibbs wrote a book on his experiences, ''Not Peace but a Sword''. The book took in his early life and his war experiences up to his posting in Cairo. The book was a success and he began work on a sequel, but his publishers believed that with the end of the war the book would not be as well received and it was shelved.

Revision as of 02:04, 10 June 2017

Reginald Patrick Mahoney Gibbs
Born2 April 1915
Penarth, Wales
Died8 March 2008 (aged 92)
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branch Royal Air Force
Years of service1936–1944
RankWing Commander
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsDistinguished Service Order
Distinguished Flying Cross & Bar

Wing Commander Reginald Patrick Mahoney Gibbs DSO DFC & Bar (2 April 1915 – 8 March 2008) was a British military pilot and journalist. Gibbs fought in World War II and was noted for his specialised torpedo attacks against shipping.[1]

Early history

Gibbs was born in Penarth in 1915, the son of shipowner and Wales international rugby player Reggie Gibbs. He was educated at Oundle School in Northamptonshire and was awarded a cadetship to RAF College Cranwell in 1934. At Oundle and Cranwell, Gibbs, like his father, excelled as a sportsman, especially in rugby, tennis and squash.[2] He trained as a pilot and specialised in maritime strike and reconnaissance.[1] On 1 August 1936 he was commissioned into the Royal Air Force as a pilot officer,[3] and was seconded to the Fleet Air Arm for two years. With them he flew Shark and Swordfish planes off aircraft carriers, and he gained his first experience of launching torpedoes from the air.[1][2] Gibbs was then posted to the Torpedo Training School at Gosport, where he became an instructor in aerial torpedoing.

Second World War

At the outbreak of World War II, Gibbs was still posted at Gosport, but on 1 February 1940 he was promoted flight lieutenant,[4] and then joined No. 22 Squadron, as a flight commander in Coastal Command, at RAF North Cotes, Lincolnshire.[5] He then commenced a year-long tour of duty running sorties against enemy shipping off the coasts of Norway and the Netherlands and bombing raids on Biscay ports.[2][6] He was promoted to temporary squadron leader on 1 March 1941,[7] and on 26 September 1941 he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) for his performance in that role. By then he was in the midst of another six-month stint training pilots.[1][2] Bored by the training post, Gibbs volunteered for service in the Middle East and was posted to the Cairo headquarters of the Air Staff. He was given an administrative post, which he found extremely frustrating. He managed to persuade his superiors that the Beauforts, which he flew with the 22 Squadron, could have a role in disrupting Rommel's oil supplies in the Mediterranean. In 1942 Gibbs was posted to No. 39 Squadron at Sidi Barrani and on his first sortie he managed to sink an Italian ship after releasing a torpedo from just 50 feet.[2] Gibbs soon realised that the convoy targets he wanted to attack were out of range of the Beauforts, and after crash-landing on Malta, took his proposal to Air-Vice Marshal Lloyd that he and the Beauforts would be more effective posted on the island. He was given permission, though Gibbs later revealed that the Air Ministry in London believed he was reinforcing India.[8] He was promoted temporary wing commander on 1 June 1942.[9] Gibbs flew four sorties from Malta between 22 July and 4 August, twice turning back the convoys. On the final sortie his Beaufort was badly damaged and he crash landed his plane on Malta for a second time.[2] For his actions from Malta he was awarded a Bar to his DFC on 7 July 1942:

Air Ministry. 7 July 1942.

ROYAL AIR FORCE.

The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the following awards in recognition of gallantry displayed in flying operations against the enemy: —

[...]

Bar to the Distinguished Flying Cross.

[...]

Squadron Leader Reginald Patrick Mahoney GIBBS, D.F.C. (33250), No. 39 Squadron.

Early in June 1942, Squadron Leader Gibbs attacked and sank a large enemy merchant vessel. Some time afterwards this officer participated in an attack on an Italian naval force. Despite opposition from enemy fighters and in the face of defensive fire from the naval vessels, Squadron Leader Gibbs successfully launched his torpedo at the leading warship. He flew his extensively damaged aircraft safely to base where he executed a skilful landing. This officer has at all times displayed great skill and devotion to duty. He has contributed materially to the operational efficiency of his squadron.[10]

He continued leading attacks throughout August, which had a considerable impact on the war in the Mediterranean and altered the attitude of RAF command towards aerial tactics.[8] Gibbs' war substantive rank was increased to squadron leader on 1 September 1942.[11] By then Gibbs was exhausted and returned to Britain, and on 18 September the award of the Distinguished Service Order was gazetted:

Air Ministry, 18 September 1942.

ROYAL AIR FORCE.

The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the following awards in recognition of gallantry displayed in flying operations against the enemy: —

Distinguished Service Order.

Wing Commander Reginald Patrick Mahoney GIBBS, D.F.C. (33250), No. 30 Squadron.

This officer, who has achieved much success in torpedo bomber sorties, has displayed fine qualities of leadership, combined with exceptional skill. Throughout, his courage has been of a high order and has proved a source of inspiration to all.[12]

On 20 November 1942 his rank of squadron leader was made fully substantive, backdated all the way to 1 March 1941.[13] He was kept from active service and was given a role in the Air Ministry, but by 1944 the strain from his flying days caught up with him and he was invalided out as a wing commander on 24 February.[14]

While in the Air Ministry, Gibbs wrote a book on his experiences, Not Peace but a Sword. The book took in his early life and his war experiences up to his posting in Cairo. The book was a success and he began work on a sequel, but his publishers believed that with the end of the war the book would not be as well received and it was shelved.

Career in journalism

After the end of the war Gibbs invested in a chain of laundrettes, but his career shifted after a friend introduced him to actress Muriel Pavlow.[2] He and Pavlow became lifelong friends, and Pavlow in turn introduced him to dramatic critic of The Daily Telegraph, W A Darlington.[1] Darlington invited Gibbs to review some minor works for the paper as a stringer. During this period, the Telegraph's film critic, George Campbell Dixon, was frequently ill and Gibbs often picked up his work. In 1960, Dixon left the post and Gibbs took over his duties. He was an observant critic, but sometimes irked readers with his detailed summary of a film's plot.[8] He had little time for celebrity or the Hollywood system and his reviews were independent and tended to concentrate on acting and production.[2]

Although a film critic, Gibbs preferred theatre and opera in particular. He enjoyed trips to France and Italy, and his job took him to film festivals all over the world.[1] He retired from his role in the Telegraph in 1987, and in 1992 he finally released his second book Torpedo Leader On Malta. The book was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the award of the George Cross to Malta.[5]

Later life and death

Gibbs was married twice, his first to Nina Thruston in 1947 was dissolved 12 years later. He then married Jane Eyre and they had two children. Gibbs died in 2008 at the age of 92.

Published works

  • Not Peace but a Sword, Cassells (1943)
  • Torpedo Leader On Malta, Grub Street (1992) ISBN 978-1-902304-83-0

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Wing Commander Pat Gibbs". The Daily Telegraph. 18 March 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Nicolas Barker (25 April 2008). "Wing Cdr Patrick Gibbs: Air ace and journalist". The Independent. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  3. ^ "No. 34323". The London Gazette. 15 September 1936. p. 5940.
  4. ^ "No. 34790". The London Gazette. 13 February 1940. p. 853.
  5. ^ a b "Wing Commander Patrick Gibbs". The Times. 26 March 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  6. ^ "No. 35287". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 September 1942. p. 5596.
  7. ^ "No. 35102". The London Gazette. 11 March 1941. pp. 1448–1450.
  8. ^ a b c Eric Shorter (14 April 2008). "Wing Cdr Patrick Gibbs". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  9. ^ "No. 35650". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 July 1942. p. 3355.
  10. ^ "No. 35621". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 July 1942. p. 2979.
  11. ^ "No. 35755". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 October 1942. p. 4594.
  12. ^ "No. 35709". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 September 1942. p. 4059.
  13. ^ "No. 35791". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 November 1942. p. 5034.
  14. ^ "No. 37724". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 September 1946. p. 4619.
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