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Coordinates: 36°12′25.0″N 37°09′24.4″E / 36.206944°N 37.156778°E / 36.206944; 37.156778
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==Recent Developments==
==Recent Developments==
[[File:Jdeideh Jdayde Aleppo Avril 2015.webm|thumb|left|Aleppo´s [[Al-Jdayde|Jdeydeh]] district suffered damage from rebel undermining in April 2015]]


Much of Al-Jdayde suffered catastrophic damage during the Syrian civil war that began in Aleppo in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9539244/Syria-Christians-take-up-arms-for-first-time.html|title=Syria: Christians take up arms for first time|newspaper=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2016-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/12/syria-conflict-aleppo-heritage.html|title=Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war|date=2017-01-01|newspaper=Al-Monitor|language=en-us|access-date=2017-01-01}}</ref> The area it found itself on the front line of a four-year war of attrition between combatant forces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/12/syria-conflict-aleppo-heritage.html|title=Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war|date=2016-12-30|newspaper=Al-Monitor|language=en-us|access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref><ref>Ministry of Culture Directorate General of Antiquities & Museums (2017) STATE PARTY REPORT On The State of Conservation of The Syrian Cultural Heritage Sites (Syrian Arab Republic), 1 February 2017, available on http://whc.unesco.org/document/155953</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/magazine/aleppo-after-the-fall.html?nytmobile=0|title=Aleppo After the Fall|access-date=2017-05-27}}</ref> In particular, a series of huge underground explosions<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apsa2011.com/apsanew/old-aleppo-tunnels-were-exploded-and-bombings-with-tnt-barrels/|title=Old Aleppo: Tunnels were exploded and bombings with TNT barrels – APSA|last=|first=|date=15 May 2015|website=apsa2011.com|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-05-20}}</ref> conducted by the [[Combat operations in 2015 during the Battle of Aleppo#April|armed opposition]] under [[Al-Hatab Square|Sahat Al Hatab]] in April 2015 devastated the neighbourhood.<ref>{{Citation|last=jdeideh jdayde|title=Al Jdeideh Jdayde April 2015 Sahet Al-Hatab Square Aleppo|date=2015-04-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4tk4lDMFj0|accessdate=2016-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://reliefweb.int/map/syrian-arab-republic/damage-assessment-aleppo-aleppo-governorate-syria-10-jul-2015|title=Damage Assessment of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate, Syria (10 Jul 2015)|date=2015-07-22|access-date=2016-12-09|language=English|newspaper=ReliefWeb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asor-syrianheritage.org/syrian-heritage-initiative-weekly-report-38-april-27-2015/|title=ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives Weekly Report 38 (April 27, 2015)|date=2015-05-28|access-date=2017-01-03|language=en-US|newspaper=ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives}}</ref>
Much of Al-Jdayde suffered catastrophic damage during the Syrian civil war that began in Aleppo in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9539244/Syria-Christians-take-up-arms-for-first-time.html|title=Syria: Christians take up arms for first time|newspaper=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2016-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/12/syria-conflict-aleppo-heritage.html|title=Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war|date=2017-01-01|newspaper=Al-Monitor|language=en-us|access-date=2017-01-01}}</ref> The area it found itself on the front line of a four-year war of attrition between combatant forces.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/12/syria-conflict-aleppo-heritage.html|title=Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war|date=2016-12-30|newspaper=Al-Monitor|language=en-us|access-date=2016-12-30}}</ref><ref>Ministry of Culture Directorate General of Antiquities & Museums (2017) STATE PARTY REPORT On The State of Conservation of The Syrian Cultural Heritage Sites (Syrian Arab Republic), 1 February 2017, available on http://whc.unesco.org/document/155953</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/24/magazine/aleppo-after-the-fall.html?nytmobile=0|title=Aleppo After the Fall|access-date=2017-05-27}}</ref>


In particular, a series of huge underground explosions<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apsa2011.com/apsanew/old-aleppo-tunnels-were-exploded-and-bombings-with-tnt-barrels/|title=Old Aleppo: Tunnels were exploded and bombings with TNT barrels – APSA|last=|first=|date=15 May 2015|website=apsa2011.com|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-05-20}}</ref> conducted by the [[Combat operations in 2015 during the Battle of Aleppo#April|armed opposition]] under [[Al-Hatab Square|Sahat Al Hatab]] in April 2015 devastated the neighbourhood.<ref>{{Citation|last=jdeideh jdayde|title=Al Jdeideh Jdayde April 2015 Sahet Al-Hatab Square Aleppo|date=2015-04-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4tk4lDMFj0|accessdate=2016-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://reliefweb.int/map/syrian-arab-republic/damage-assessment-aleppo-aleppo-governorate-syria-10-jul-2015|title=Damage Assessment of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate, Syria (10 Jul 2015)|date=2015-07-22|access-date=2016-12-09|language=English|newspaper=ReliefWeb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asor-syrianheritage.org/syrian-heritage-initiative-weekly-report-38-april-27-2015/|title=ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives Weekly Report 38 (April 27, 2015)|date=2015-05-28|access-date=2017-01-03|language=en-US|newspaper=ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives}}</ref>


== Sources and Further Reading ==
== Sources and Further Reading ==

Revision as of 16:14, 20 June 2017

Al-Jdayde (Aleppo)
Native name
جديدة (Arabic)
Al-Jdeideh, Al-Judayda
Al-Jdayde, district of Aleppo as seen in 1920
LocationAleppo, Syria
Coordinates36°12′25.0″N 37°09′24.4″E / 36.206944°N 37.156778°E / 36.206944; 37.156778
BuiltLate 14th Century
For similarly named places, please see Al-Jdayde (disambiguation).

Al-Jdayde (Template:Lang-ar, also transliterated as al-Jdeideh, al-Judayda, al-Jdeïdé or al-Jdeydeh) is a historic neighbourhood in the Syrian city of Aleppo. It is noted for its winding narrow alleys, richly decorated mansions and churches and became an area of significant cultural and historical interest. Much of Al-Jdayde has since suffered catastrophic damage from fighting during the Syrian civil war.

History

Al-Jdayde shown in red as established outside walls of the ancient city (1820s)

At the end of the Mamluk period, al-Jdayde was a small suburb benefiting from a few shops located outside of city’s northern walls and near the cemeteries and storage areas. The development of the city along the roads connecting the Bab al-Nasr gate with neighbouring villages to the North and northeast progressively integrated Jdayde into the city of Aleppo.[1]

By the late 14th century, these quarters were equipped with khutba mosques and fountains made possible by a network of water works. A new water duct, opened in 1490–91, facilitated the further extension of the Jdayde neighbourhood and the creation of its hammams.[2] Christian cemeteries and probably also the remains of ancient churches of the Byzantine period are to be found in the West side of the al-Jdayde suburb. The earlier settlement of Salibeh in this ancient Christian sector, followed by the development of Jdayde, reflects the growth of the Christian population and its desire to reside together in specific areas.[3]

Most churches, newly built or enlarged, are found around a square next to the Salibeh intersection, notably, the Armenian Gregorian Church which was enlarged in 1490,[4] the Greek Orthodox, the Maronite and the Syriac churches. The neighbourhood was gradually settled by notables as well as less affluent residents.[5]

Character

A characteristic 16th-century narrow alleyway of Al-Jdayde

The Armenians, who specialized in trade with Persia and India, were the predominant inhabitants. During the 16th and 17th centuries, following the Ottoman conquest, the neighbourhood was subdivided into rectangular land parcels.[6] Two large Muslim waqfs (religious trusts), founded in 1583-90 and in 1653, have been for centuries the heart of the area.

These two architectural ensembles, with richly decorated facades and regular layout, hosted the majority of the commercial and social services for the neighbourhood, where Muslim and Christian, rich and poor, lived side by side.[7] They included a fountain in front of the Christian quarter, a café, a large hammam, a small mosque and a school for Muslim pupils, a cloth market, four large textile workshops,[8] a vast cereal warehouse, and various souks for food and local services.[9]

Here numbers of locals (dragomen) would, with the encouragement of various sultans, assist foreign merchants conduct their trade in Aleppo.[10]

Revitalisation

Beit Ghazaleh: one example of renovation in Al-Jdayde
Beit Achiqbash's museum courtyard in Jdayde after renovation

In 1990–2000, al-Jdayde—noted for its winding narrow alleys, richly decorated mansions and churches—became an area of significant cultural, historical and tourist interest for national and international visitors.[11] An ever-present scent of flowers, especially Jasmin, was said to permeate the area.[12]

Many of the neighbourhood’s historic palaces were revitalised as museums, boutique hotels and restaurants. Some of the most important historic buildings of the al-Jdayde quarter include: Beit Wakil,[13] Beit Ghazaleh,[14] Dar Zamaria, Beit Achiqbash, Beit Sissi, Dar Basile[15] and Beit Dallal.[16]

Jdayde's two squares, Sahat Farhat and Sahat Al Hatab were also renovated during the period.[17][18]

Recent Developments

Aleppo´s Jdeydeh district suffered damage from rebel undermining in April 2015

Much of Al-Jdayde suffered catastrophic damage during the Syrian civil war that began in Aleppo in 2012.[19][20] The area it found itself on the front line of a four-year war of attrition between combatant forces.[21][22][23]

In particular, a series of huge underground explosions[24] conducted by the armed opposition under Sahat Al Hatab in April 2015 devastated the neighbourhood.[25][26][27]

Sources and Further Reading

  • Windows of Dar Zamariya in al-Jdayde (postcard 1918-22)
    Windows of Dar Zamariya in al-Jdayde (postcard 1918-22)
  • Beit Sissi, a mansion renovated as piano bar
    Beit Sissi, a mansion renovated as piano bar
  • The Hokedun alley at the old Armenian quarter of al-Jdayde
    The Hokedun alley at the old Armenian quarter of al-Jdayde
  • A narrow alley towards the Farhat Square
    A narrow alley towards the Farhat Square
  • Beit Wakil, a mansion renovated and converted into a boutique hotel
    Beit Wakil, a mansion renovated and converted into a boutique hotel
  • An Armenian school at the old quarter of al-Jdayde
    An Armenian school at the old quarter of al-Jdayde
  • Courtyard of the Ajikbash House Museum
    Courtyard of the Ajikbash House Museum
  • Dar Zamaria, a mansion converted into boutique hotel
    Dar Zamaria, a mansion converted into boutique hotel
  • Dar Al Yasmeen Alleyway in Jdayde
    Dar Al Yasmeen Alleyway in Jdayde
  • Dar Basile and alley in Aleppo's Jdeideh
    Dar Basile and alley in Aleppo's Jdeideh
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jdeydeh quarter.

References

  1. ^ Hazzazé to the north-west, Ramadaniyé to the north-east and Banqousa to the east
  2. ^ Sauvaget, Jean (1941) Alep, essai sur le développement d’une grande ville syrienne des origines au milieu du XIXe siècle, texte et album, librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris : Carte des canalisations mameloukes, p. 182.
  3. ^ Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh (2004), The image of an Ottoman city: imperial architecture and urban experience in Aleppo in the 16th and 17th centuries, Leiden: EJ Brill, pp. 158-9
  4. ^ Sauvaget (1941) p. 179.
  5. ^ Churches and houses shared the same principle of discretion with an absence of facades shown on exterior elevations especially on the main streets. It seems that certain churches may have had their entrances at the end of cul-de-sacs.
  6. ^ David, Jean-Claude. (1982) « Urbanisation spontanée et planification » Les cahiers de la recherche architecturale, n°10-11.
  7. ^ Mansel, Philip (2016). Aleppo: The Rise and Fall of Syria's Great Merchant City. I.B.Tauris. p. 28. ISBN 9781784534615.
  8. ^ The three qaysariya du waqf Ipchir Pacha have been held more than eighty textile operations each with two to four looms thus possibly hosted more than 250 craftsmen at the peak of activities in the area.
  9. ^ David, Jean-Claude, (2004) « La production de l’espace dans la ville ottomane » Les relations entre musulmans et chrétiens dans le Bilad al-Cham, p. 178–179.
  10. ^ Burns, Ross (2016-08-25). Aleppo: A History. Routledge. pp. 231–2. ISBN 9781134844081.
  11. ^ Stefano Bianca, Peter Davies, Wolfgang Fülscher (1981-3) The Re-development of the Bab Al-Faraj Area in Aleppo, UNESCO PARIS p. 9 (36)
  12. ^ Tharoor, Maryam Maruf and Kanishk (2017-06-10). "Return to Aleppo: The story of my home during the war". BBC News. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  13. ^ "Aleppo | Bayt Wakil | Archnet". archnet.org. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  14. ^ "Courtyard view to iwan | Archnet". archnet.org. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  15. ^ "Bayt Basil | Detail of tiles in courtyard | Archnet". archnet.org. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  16. ^ "Bayt Dallal | Courtyard view towards reception hall | Archnet". archnet.org. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  17. ^ Darke, Diana (2010-01-01). Syria. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 9781841623146.
  18. ^ Bairs-Zars, Bernadette, (May 2017). "Developing heritage: activist decision-makers and reproducing narratives in the Old City of Aleppo, Syria" (PDF). Thesis Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning: 183.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ "Syria: Christians take up arms for first time". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
  20. ^ "Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war". Al-Monitor. 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
  21. ^ "Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war". Al-Monitor. 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  22. ^ Ministry of Culture Directorate General of Antiquities & Museums (2017) STATE PARTY REPORT On The State of Conservation of The Syrian Cultural Heritage Sites (Syrian Arab Republic), 1 February 2017, available on http://whc.unesco.org/document/155953
  23. ^ "Aleppo After the Fall". Retrieved 2017-05-27.
  24. ^ "Old Aleppo: Tunnels were exploded and bombings with TNT barrels – APSA". apsa2011.com. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 2017-05-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  25. ^ jdeideh jdayde (2015-04-30), Al Jdeideh Jdayde April 2015 Sahet Al-Hatab Square Aleppo, retrieved 2016-12-09
  26. ^ "Damage Assessment of Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate, Syria (10 Jul 2015)". ReliefWeb. 2015-07-22. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
  27. ^ "ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives Weekly Report 38 (April 27, 2015)". ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives. 2015-05-28. Retrieved 2017-01-03.
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