Nicopsis: Difference between revisions
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Nikopsis first appears in the anonymous [[periplus]] of the 5th century as a locale also known as Palaia Lazike ("Old [[Lazica]]"), a toponym also mentioned in the 2nd-century ''[[Periplus of the Euxine Sea]]'' by [[Arrian]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Talbert|first1=Richard J. A.|title=Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: Map-by-map Directory|date=2000|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0691049459|page=1240}}</ref> This latter name suggests that the area was a scene of a considerable tribal movement<ref>{{cite book|last1=Liddle|first1=Aidan|title=Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini|date=2003|publisher=Bristol Classical Press|isbn=1853996610|page=122}}</ref> or, in the view of [[Anthony Bryer]], could have been the original homeland of the [[Laz people]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bryer|first1=Anthony|title=Peoples and settlement in Anatolia nad the Caucasus: 800-1900|date=1988|publisher=Variorum Publishing|isbn=0860782220|page=103}}</ref> |
Nikopsis first appears in the anonymous [[periplus]] of the 5th century as a locale also known as Palaia Lazike ("Old [[Lazica]]"), a toponym also mentioned in the 2nd-century ''[[Periplus of the Euxine Sea]]'' by [[Arrian]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Talbert|first1=Richard J. A.|title=Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: Map-by-map Directory|date=2000|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0691049459|page=1240}}</ref> This latter name suggests that the area was a scene of a considerable tribal movement<ref>{{cite book|last1=Liddle|first1=Aidan|title=Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini|date=2003|publisher=Bristol Classical Press|isbn=1853996610|page=122}}</ref> or, in the view of [[Anthony Bryer]], could have been the original homeland of the [[Laz people]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bryer|first1=Anthony|title=Peoples and settlement in Anatolia nad the Caucasus: 800-1900|date=1988|publisher=Variorum Publishing|isbn=0860782220|page=103}}</ref> |
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Nikopsis is called a ''kastron'', "fortress", located on the homonymous river between [[Abasgia|Abasgia (Abkhazia)]] and [[Zygii|Zichia]], by [[Constantine Porphyrogenitus]] in the 10th century. According to the 9th-century Byzantine author [[Epiphanius the Monk]], there was a tomb in Nikopsis, containing relics, inscribed "of [[Simon the Canaanite]]", an [[apostle]].<ref name="mango">{{cite journal|last1=Mango|first1=Cyril|title=A Journey Round the Coast of the Black Sea in the Ninth Century|journal=Palaeoslavica|date=2002|volume=10|issue=1|page=262}}</ref> The tradition is also found in the 11th-century Georgian ''[[George the Hagiorite|Vita of George the Hagiorite]]'' by Giorgi Mtsire, who claims that Simon the Canaanite was buried "in our land, in [[Abkhazia]], at the place which is called Nikopsi".<ref name=anch>{{cite book|last1=Anchabadze|first1=Zurab|script-title=ru:Из истории средневековой Абхазии|date=1959|publisher=Abkhazian State Publishing|location=Sukhumi|pages=67, 110, 187|language=Russian|trans_title=From the history of medieval Abkhazia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=David Marshall|title=Lives and legends of the Georgian saints|date=1976|publisher=Mowbrays|page=167}}</ref> Nikopsis was the seat of a Byzantine bishop of Zichia, probably founded under [[Justinian]] in the 6th century. In the middle of the 10th century, the see of Nikopsis was abolished or moved to [[Tmutarakan|Matracha]].<ref name="PE">{{cite web|last1=Vinogradov|first1=Andrey Y.|title=Зихия [Zichia]|url=http://www.pravenc.ru/text/199891.html|website=Православная Энциклопедия [Orthodox Encyclopaeda]|accessdate=23 June 2017|date=2014|language=ru}}</ref> |
Nikopsis, as Napsa (ნაფსაჲ), appears as a Byzantine outpost—among the cities and places under "the sway of the servant of Christ, the king of the Ionians, who is residing in the great city of [[Constantinople]]"—in the 8th-century Georgian ''[[Abo of Tiflis|Vita of Abo of Tiflis]]'' by Ioane Sabanisdze.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Huxley|first1=George Leonard|title=Topics in Byzantine Historical Geography|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature|date=1982|volume=82C|page=99}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Margit|first1=Bíró|title=Abo's Georgian "Vita"|journal=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|date=1977|volume=31|issue=2|page=251}}</ref> Nikopsis is called a ''kastron'', "fortress", located on the homonymous river between [[Abasgia|Abasgia (Abkhazia)]] and [[Zygii|Zichia]], by [[Constantine Porphyrogenitus]] in the 10th century. According to the 9th-century Byzantine author [[Epiphanius the Monk]], there was a tomb in Nikopsis, containing relics, inscribed "of [[Simon the Canaanite]]", an [[apostle]].<ref name="mango">{{cite journal|last1=Mango|first1=Cyril|title=A Journey Round the Coast of the Black Sea in the Ninth Century|journal=Palaeoslavica|date=2002|volume=10|issue=1|page=262}}</ref> The tradition is also found in the 11th-century Georgian ''[[George the Hagiorite|Vita of George the Hagiorite]]'' by Giorgi Mtsire, who claims that Simon the Canaanite was buried "in our land, in [[Abkhazia]], at the place which is called Nikopsi".<ref name=anch>{{cite book|last1=Anchabadze|first1=Zurab|script-title=ru:Из истории средневековой Абхазии|date=1959|publisher=Abkhazian State Publishing|location=Sukhumi|pages=67, 110, 187|language=Russian|trans_title=From the history of medieval Abkhazia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Lang|first1=David Marshall|title=Lives and legends of the Georgian saints|date=1976|publisher=Mowbrays|page=167}}</ref> Nikopsis was the seat of a Byzantine bishop of Zichia, probably founded under [[Justinian]] in the 6th century. In the middle of the 10th century, the see of Nikopsis was abolished or moved to [[Tmutarakan|Matracha]].<ref name="PE">{{cite web|last1=Vinogradov|first1=Andrey Y.|title=Зихия [Zichia]|url=http://www.pravenc.ru/text/199891.html|website=Православная Энциклопедия [Orthodox Encyclopaeda]|accessdate=23 June 2017|date=2014|language=ru}}</ref> |
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The location of Nikopsis is not known. A popular, but not universally accepted hypothesis first advanced by Frédéric Dubois de Montpéreux and followed by Fillip Brun, [[Boris Kuftin]], Zurab Anchabadze, and Leonid Lavrov, places Nikopsis at Novomikhailovsky at the mouth of the Nechepsukho river near [[Tuapse]], where the early medieval imported pottery, roof tiles, and marble pieces have been unearthed. Alternatively, Nikopsis has been identified with [[Anakopia]] near present-day [[New Athos]] or placed by [[Yuri Voronov]] at [[Tsandripsh|Tsandripsh/Gantiadi]], where there are the ruins of an [[Gantiadi church|early medieval basilica]].<ref name="PE"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Khroushkova|first1=Liudmila|title=Les monuments chrétiens de la côte orientale de la Mer Noire: Abkhazie, IVe-XIVe siècles|date=2006|publisher=Brepols|isbn=2503523870|page=21|language=Fr}}</ref> |
The location of Nikopsis is not known. A popular, but not universally accepted hypothesis first advanced by Frédéric Dubois de Montpéreux and followed by Fillip Brun, [[Boris Kuftin]], Zurab Anchabadze, and Leonid Lavrov, places Nikopsis at Novomikhailovsky at the mouth of the Nechepsukho river near [[Tuapse]], where the early medieval imported pottery, roof tiles, and marble pieces have been unearthed. Alternatively, Nikopsis has been identified with [[Anakopia]] near present-day [[New Athos]] or placed by [[Yuri Voronov]] at [[Tsandripsh|Tsandripsh/Gantiadi]], where there are the ruins of an [[Gantiadi church|early medieval basilica]].<ref name="PE"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Khroushkova|first1=Liudmila|title=Les monuments chrétiens de la côte orientale de la Mer Noire: Abkhazie, IVe-XIVe siècles|date=2006|publisher=Brepols|isbn=2503523870|page=21|language=Fr}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 18:02, 23 June 2017
Nicopsis, Nikopsis, or Nikopsia (Template:Lang-el/Νικοψις, Georgian: ნიკოფსი, ნიკოფსია) is early medieval fortified town on black sea shore, 45–47 km north-west from current Tuapse (Russia). Town is mentioned in historical sources in the 5th century but according to Arrian there was much earlier settlement named "Lazika". The remains of few orthodox churches and Basilica were found in the region. In the early 13th century Nicopsia belonged to Dadiani, royal house of Georgia.
Nikopsis first appears in the anonymous periplus of the 5th century as a locale also known as Palaia Lazike ("Old Lazica"), a toponym also mentioned in the 2nd-century Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian.[1] This latter name suggests that the area was a scene of a considerable tribal movement[2] or, in the view of Anthony Bryer, could have been the original homeland of the Laz people.[3]
Nikopsis, as Napsa (ნაფსაჲ), appears as a Byzantine outpost—among the cities and places under "the sway of the servant of Christ, the king of the Ionians, who is residing in the great city of Constantinople"—in the 8th-century Georgian Vita of Abo of Tiflis by Ioane Sabanisdze.[4][5] Nikopsis is called a kastron, "fortress", located on the homonymous river between Abasgia (Abkhazia) and Zichia, by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in the 10th century. According to the 9th-century Byzantine author Epiphanius the Monk, there was a tomb in Nikopsis, containing relics, inscribed "of Simon the Canaanite", an apostle.[6] The tradition is also found in the 11th-century Georgian Vita of George the Hagiorite by Giorgi Mtsire, who claims that Simon the Canaanite was buried "in our land, in Abkhazia, at the place which is called Nikopsi".[7][8] Nikopsis was the seat of a Byzantine bishop of Zichia, probably founded under Justinian in the 6th century. In the middle of the 10th century, the see of Nikopsis was abolished or moved to Matracha.[9]
The location of Nikopsis is not known. A popular, but not universally accepted hypothesis first advanced by Frédéric Dubois de Montpéreux and followed by Fillip Brun, Boris Kuftin, Zurab Anchabadze, and Leonid Lavrov, places Nikopsis at Novomikhailovsky at the mouth of the Nechepsukho river near Tuapse, where the early medieval imported pottery, roof tiles, and marble pieces have been unearthed. Alternatively, Nikopsis has been identified with Anakopia near present-day New Athos or placed by Yuri Voronov at Tsandripsh/Gantiadi, where there are the ruins of an early medieval basilica.[9][10]
References
- ^ Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: Map-by-map Directory. Princeton University Press. p. 1240. ISBN 0691049459.
- ^ Liddle, Aidan (2003). Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini. Bristol Classical Press. p. 122. ISBN 1853996610.
- ^ Bryer, Anthony (1988). Peoples and settlement in Anatolia nad the Caucasus: 800-1900. Variorum Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 0860782220.
- ^ Huxley, George Leonard (1982). "Topics in Byzantine Historical Geography". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature. 82C: 99.
- ^ Margit, Bíró (1977). "Abo's Georgian "Vita"". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 31 (2): 251.
- ^ Mango, Cyril (2002). "A Journey Round the Coast of the Black Sea in the Ninth Century". Palaeoslavica. 10 (1): 262.
- ^ Anchabadze, Zurab (1959). Из истории средневековой Абхазии (in Russian). Sukhumi: Abkhazian State Publishing. pp. 67, 110, 187.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ Lang, David Marshall (1976). Lives and legends of the Georgian saints. Mowbrays. p. 167.
- ^ a b Vinogradov, Andrey Y. (2014). "Зихия [Zichia]". Православная Энциклопедия [Orthodox Encyclopaeda] (in Russian). Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ Khroushkova, Liudmila (2006). Les monuments chrétiens de la côte orientale de la Mer Noire: Abkhazie, IVe-XIVe siècles (in French). Brepols. p. 21. ISBN 2503523870.