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{{italic title}}{{taxobox
{{italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = ''Campanula rapunculus''
|name = ''Campanula rapunculus''
|image = Campanulaceae_-_Campanula_rapunculus-5.JPG
|image = Campanulaceae - Campanula rapunculus-5.JPG
|image_caption =
|image_caption =
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
Line 19: Line 19:
This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like [[spinach]], and its [[parsnip]]-like root, which was used like a [[radish]].<ref>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Rampion |year=1920}}</ref> The [[Brothers Grimm]]'s tale [[Rapunzel]] took its name from this plant.
This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like [[spinach]], and its [[parsnip]]-like root, which was used like a [[radish]].<ref>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Rampion |year=1920}}</ref> The [[Brothers Grimm]]'s tale [[Rapunzel]] took its name from this plant.


==Etymology==
== Etymology ==
The genus Latin name (“campanula”), meaning small bell, refers to the bell-shape of the flower, while the specific name (“rapunculus”) is a diminutive of the Latin “rapa” (''[[turnip]]'') and means 'little turnip', which refers to the shape of the root.
The genus Latin name ("''campanula''"), meaning small bell, refers to the bell-shape of the flower, while the specific name ("''rapunculus''") is a diminutive of the Latin "''rapa''" ([[turnip]]) and means 'little turnip', which refers to the shape of the root.


==Description==
== Description ==
[[File:Campanulaceae - Campanula rapunculus-1.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Close-up on flower of ''Campanula rapunculus'']] This [[Biennial plant|biennial]] [[herbaceous]] plant reaches on average {{convert|40|-|80|cm}} of height, with a maximum of {{convert|100|cm}} . The stem is erect, lightly hairy, branched on the top. The basal leaves are petiolated, ovate, slightly toothed and arranged in a rosette, while the upper leaves are sessile and narrow lanceolate. The hermaphrodite flowers are clustered in a racemose inflorescence, with a bell-shaped, light blue or violet [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], about two centimeters long. They are arranged along the stem in a fairly narrow one-sided facing cluster. The flowering period extends from May through September. The fruit is a [[dehiscent]] capsule in the form of inverted cone with many seeds. The thick root looks like a small turnip and it is edible.
[[File:Campanulaceae - Campanula rapunculus-1.JPG|thumb|240px|left|Close-up on flower of ''Campanula rapunculus'']] This [[Biennial plant|biennial]] [[herbaceous]] plant reaches on average {{convert|40|-|80|cm}} of height, with a maximum of {{convert|100|cm}} . The stem is erect, lightly hairy, branched on the top. The basal leaves are petiolated, ovate, slightly toothed and arranged in a rosette, while the upper leaves are sessile and narrow lanceolate. The hermaphrodite flowers are clustered in a racemose inflorescence, with a bell-shaped, light blue or violet [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], about two centimeters long. They are arranged along the stem in a fairly narrow one-sided facing cluster. The flowering period extends from May through September. The fruit is a [[dehiscent]] capsule in the form of inverted cone with many seeds. The thick root looks like a small turnip and it is edible.


==Distribution==
== Distribution ==
''Campanula rapunculus'' is present in western Asia, northern Africa and in most of Europe, except Iceland, Ireland and Norway. It has been introduced in Denmark, southern Sweden and Great Britain
''Campanula rapunculus'' is present in western Asia, northern Africa and in most of Europe, except Iceland, Ireland and Norway. It has been introduced in Denmark, southern Sweden and Great Britain. This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like [[spinach]], and its [[parsnip]]-like root, which was used like a [[radish]].<ref>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Rampion |year=1920}}</ref>


==Habitat==
== Habitat ==
This species prefers limestone soils and grows in dry meadows, cultivated beds, forests of oaks and pine trees, along roadsides and lane, at an altitude of {{convert|0|-|1500|m}} above sea level.
This species prefers limestone soils and grows in dry meadows, cultivated beds, forests of oaks and pine trees, along roadsides and lane, at an altitude of {{convert|0|-|1500|m}} above sea level.


==Synonyms==
== Synonyms ==
* ''Campanula elatior'' [[Hoffmanns.]] & [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]
* ''Campanula elatior'' [[Hoffmanns.]] & [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]
* ''Campanula lusitanica f. bracteosa'' ([[Willk.]]) [[Cout.]]
* ''Campanula lusitanica f. bracteosa'' ([[Willk.]]) [[Cout.]]
Line 40: Line 40:
* ''Campanula verruculosa'' Hoffmanns. & Link
* ''Campanula verruculosa'' Hoffmanns. & Link


==Gallery==
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Campanulaceae - Campanula rapunculus.JPG|Inflorescence of ''Campanula rapunculus''
File:Campanulaceae - Campanula rapunculus.JPG|Inflorescence of ''Campanula rapunculus''
Line 50: Line 50:
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Notes==
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==References==
== References ==
* Pignatti S. ''Flora d'Italia'', Vol. II. Edagricole, 1982. p. 687.
* Pignatti S. ''Flora d'Italia'', Vol. II. Edagricole, 1982. p. 687.


==External links==
== External links ==
{{wikispecies}}
{{wikispecies}}
{{commons|Campanula rapunculus}}
{{Commons|Campanula rapunculus}}

* [http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id41212/ Biolib]
* [http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id41212/ Biolib]
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CARA19 Campanula rapunculus]
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CARA19 Campanula rapunculus]

Revision as of 15:37, 28 June 2017

Campanula rapunculus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Campanulaceae
Genus:
Campanula
Species:
C. rapunculus
Binomial name
Campanula rapunculus

Campanula rapunculus, common name rampion bellflower,[1] rampion, or rover bellflower, is a species of bellflower (Campanula) in the family Campanulaceae.[2]

This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like spinach, and its parsnip-like root, which was used like a radish.[3] The Brothers Grimm's tale Rapunzel took its name from this plant.

Etymology

The genus Latin name ("campanula"), meaning small bell, refers to the bell-shape of the flower, while the specific name ("rapunculus") is a diminutive of the Latin "rapa" (turnip) and means 'little turnip', which refers to the shape of the root.

Description

Close-up on flower of Campanula rapunculus

This biennial herbaceous plant reaches on average 40–80 centimetres (16–31 in) of height, with a maximum of 100 centimetres (39 in) . The stem is erect, lightly hairy, branched on the top. The basal leaves are petiolated, ovate, slightly toothed and arranged in a rosette, while the upper leaves are sessile and narrow lanceolate. The hermaphrodite flowers are clustered in a racemose inflorescence, with a bell-shaped, light blue or violet corolla, about two centimeters long. They are arranged along the stem in a fairly narrow one-sided facing cluster. The flowering period extends from May through September. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule in the form of inverted cone with many seeds. The thick root looks like a small turnip and it is edible.

Distribution

Campanula rapunculus is present in western Asia, northern Africa and in most of Europe, except Iceland, Ireland and Norway. It has been introduced in Denmark, southern Sweden and Great Britain. This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like spinach, and its parsnip-like root, which was used like a radish.[4]

Habitat

This species prefers limestone soils and grows in dry meadows, cultivated beds, forests of oaks and pine trees, along roadsides and lane, at an altitude of 0–1,500 metres (0–4,921 ft) above sea level.

Synonyms

  • Campanula elatior Hoffmanns. & Link
  • Campanula lusitanica f. bracteosa (Willk.) Cout.
  • Campanula lusitanica f. racemoso-paniculata (Willk.) Cout.
  • Campanula lusitanica f. verruculosa (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.
  • Campanula lusitanica var. cymoso-spicata (Willk.) Cout.
  • Campanula lusitanica auct.
  • Campanula verruculosa Hoffmanns. & Link
  • Inflorescence of Campanula rapunculus
    Inflorescence of Campanula rapunculus
  • Flowers of Campanula rapunculus
    Flowers of Campanula rapunculus
  • Flowers of Campanula rapunculus
    Flowers of Campanula rapunculus
  • Close-up on flowers of Campanula rapunculus, lateral view
    Close-up on flowers of Campanula rapunculus, lateral view
  • Close-up on flower of Campanula rapunculus
    Close-up on flower of Campanula rapunculus
  • Leaf of Campanula rapunculus
    Leaf of Campanula rapunculus

Notes

  1. ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Anderberg, Arne; Anderberg, Anna-Lena. "Campanula rapunculus". Den virtuella floran (in Swedish). Swedish Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  3. ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Rampion" . Encyclopedia Americana.
  4. ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Rampion" . Encyclopedia Americana.

References

  • Pignatti S. Flora d'Italia, Vol. II. Edagricole, 1982. p. 687.
Wikispecies has information related to Campanula rapunculus.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Campanula rapunculus.


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