Knuckle: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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{{Other uses}} |
{{Other uses}} |
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{{Redirect|Knuckles|the [[Sonic the Hedgehog (series)|Sonic the Hedgehog]] character|Knuckles the Echidna}} |
{{Redirect|Knuckles [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |the [[Sonic the Hedgehog (series)|Sonic the Hedgehog]] character|Knuckles the Echidna}} |
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{{Infobox anatomy |
{{Infobox anatomy |
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| Name = Knuckle |
| Name = Knuckle |
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| Latin = |
| Latin = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| GraySubject = |
| GraySubject = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| GrayPage = |
| GrayPage = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| Image = |
| Image = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250000px]] |
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| Caption = The major knuckles of the hand |
| Caption = The major knuckles of the hand |
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| Image2 = |
| Image2 = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| Caption2 = |
| Caption2 = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| IsPartOf = |
| IsPartOf = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| Components = |
| Components = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| Artery = |
| Artery = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| Vein = |
| Vein = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| MeshName = |
| MeshName = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| MeshNumber = |
| MeshNumber = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| DorlandsPre = |
| DorlandsPre = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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| DorlandsSuf = |
| DorlandsSuf = [[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|250px]] |
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}} |
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[[File:Knuckles the Echidna.png|99999999999999px]] |
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The '''knuckles''' are the [[joint]]s of the [[finger]]s which are brought into prominence when the [[hand]] is clenched and a [[fist (hand)|fist]] is made. The word is cognate to similar words in other Germanic languages, such as the Dutch "knokkel" (knuckle) or German "Knöchel" (ankle), i.e., ''Knöchlein'', the diminutive of the [[German language|German]] word for bone (''Knochen''). Anatomically, it is said that the knuckles consist of the [[metacarpophalangeal joint|metacarpophalangeal]]<ref name="UTMntn">Utah Mountain Biking; [http://www.utahmountainbiking.com/firstaid/thumbspr.htm Thumb Sprain]; First as metacarpo.</ref> (MCP) and [[Interphalangeal articulations of hand|interphalangeal]] (IP) joints of the finger. The knuckles at the base of the fingers may be referred to as the 1st<ref name="UTMntn"/> or major knuckles while the knuckles at the midfinger are known as the 2nd<ref>[http://www.polykarbon.com/tutorials/hands/hands.htm Second knuckle as thumb's interphalangeal, "anchor knuckle" as metacarpophalangeal]</ref> and 3rd, or minor, knuckles. However, the [[Ordinal number|ordinal]] terms are used inconsistently, and can be found referring to any of the knuckles.<ref>[http://www.ahntaichi.com/eyemassage.html First knuckle as thumb's interphalangeal]</ref><ref>[http://www.tutorials.com/08/0876/08761.asp First knuckle as distal interphalangeal]</ref> |
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The physical mechanism behind the popping or cracking sound heard when [[cracking joints]] such as knuckles has recently been elucidated by cine [[MRI]] to be caused by [[tribonucleation]] as a gas bubble forms in the [[synovial fluid]] that bathes the joint.<ref>Kawchuk GN, Fryer J, Jaremko JL, Zeng H, Rowe L, Thompson R (2015) Real-Time Visualization of Joint Cavitation. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119470. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119470</ref> Despite this evidence, many still believe it to be caused by synovial fluid filling the vacuum left by the joint's displacement.<ref>Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, [http://www.hopkins-arthritis.org/arthritis-news/2007/knuckle-cracking-and-arthritis.html Knuckle Cracking and Arthritis]</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Brodeur R. | title = The audible release associated with joint manipulation. | journal = J Manipulative Physiol Ther | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 155–64 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7790795}}</ref> |
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== Gallery == |
== Gallery == |
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Revision as of 21:05, 15 August 2017
| Knuckle | |
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 The major knuckles of the hand | |
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| Details | |
| Part of | |
| Parts | |
| Artery | |
| Vein | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Gallery
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Clenched fist with knuckles (encircled in red) -
Motorcycle racing gloves with titanium knuckle protectors
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Knuckle". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 883.
