J.F. Normano: Difference between revisions
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'''TITS ''' (also: John F. Normano, João Frederico Normano; 12 July 1887 – 25 April 1945; true name: Isaac Ilyich Levin, Russian: Исаак Ильич Левин) was a Russian-American economic historian and banker. |
'''TITS ''' (also: John F. Normano, João Frederico Normano; 12 July 1887 – 25 April 1945; true name: Isaac Ilyich Levin, Russian: Исаак Ильич Левин) was a Russian-American economic historian and banker. |
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==Biography== |
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The history of Canada covers the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day. Prior to European colonization, the lands encompassing present-day Canada were inhabited for millennia by Aboriginal peoples, with distinct trade networks, spiritual beliefs and styles of social organization. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first European arrivals and have been discovered through archaeological investigations. |
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In the late 15th century, French and British expeditions explored, colonized, and fought over various places within North America in what constitutes present day Canada. The colony of New France was established in 1534 and was ceded to the United Kingdom in 1763 after the French were defeated in the Seven Years War. The now British Province of Quebec was divided into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791 and reunified in 1841. In 1867, the Province of Canada was joined with two other British colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia through Confederation, forming a self-governing entity named Canada. The new dominion expanded by incorporating other parts of British North America, finishing with Newfoundland and Labrador in 1949. |
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Although responsible government had existed in Canada since 1848, Britain continued to set its foreign and defence policies after the end of the First World War. With the passing of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada became co-equal with the United Kingdom. After the Constitution was repatriated in 1982, the final vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament were removed. Canada currently consists of ten provinces, three territories, while being both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. |
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Over centuries, elements of Aboriginal, French, British, and more recent immigrant customs have combined to form a Canadian culture that has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Since the conclusion of the Second World War, Canadians have supported multilateralism abroad and socioeconomic development domestically. |
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Levin left Paris for Brazil, called himself João Frederico Normano (i.e. John Frederic Normano) and claimed he was 40 years old. This double passport-forgery was tailored to the position he was reaching for; junior scientist at [[Harvard University|Harvard]]. The great leap forward was a success, he became the associate director of the Harvard Bureau for Economic Research in Latin America and published a highly acknowledged book, which some consider to this day to belong to the roots of the theory on Brazilian economic development. But in December, 1932 his real identity was found out. After the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] takeover of power, the “Normano Case” led to foreign political conflict. The [[Foreign Office (Germany)|German Foreign Office]] demanded his extradition but the young [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] government got under pressure from the Jewish Community. |
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Levin was not forced to leave the United States. He was expelled from Harvard, but still respected in the circles of Latin-Americanism and focused, as of 1941, on lecturing and research with a Pacific reference. However, before he could become really influential in this area, he died in April, 1945. In the literature of the Stalin-Era, he was only briefly mentioned in a systemic ideological classification. It was not until 2010, that a book about him was published in Moscow, with reprints from his works. |
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==Major works== |
==Major works== |
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Revision as of 17:14, 24 August 2017
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TITS (also: John F. Normano, João Frederico Normano; 12 July 1887 – 25 April 1945; true name: Isaac Ilyich Levin, Russian: Исаак Ильич Левин) was a Russian-American economic historian and banker.
Major works
- Normano, J. F.: The Struggle for South America. Economy and Ideology, London 1931 and Boston 1931(re-edited Westport 1973). Brazilian edition: A Luta pela América do Sul, São Paulo 1944.
- Normano, J. F.: Brazil – A Study of Economic Types, Chapel Hill 1935 (re-edited: New York 1968). Brazilian edition: J. F. Normano: Evolução econômica do Brasil, São Paulo 1939 (re-edited São Paulo 1945, São Paulo 1975).
- Normano, J. F.: The Spirit of American Economics, New York 1943.
- Normano, J. F.: Asia between Two World Wars, New York 1944.
- Normano, J. F.: The Spirit of Russian Economics, New York 1945.
Literature
- Olga Jerochina: Ученый-экономист И.И. Левин: жизнь и деятельность в России до 1918 года (The economist I. I. Levin: Life and work in Russia until 1918). In: Terra Economicus, Rostov University, 7 (2009) 3, S. 128–132.
- Andrei A. Belych (ed.): И.И. Левин: Акционерные коммерческие банки в России (I. I. Levin: Joint-stock commercial banks in Russia), Moscow 2010.
- Hans H. Lembke: Bankier, Fälscher, Historiker. Der Weg des Isaac Lewin durch die Geschichte seiner Zeit (Banker, Forger, Historian. Isaac Levin’s way through time), Freiburg 2012.
