Candidate of Philosophy: Difference between revisions
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===Sweden=== |
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In Sweden, ''filosofie kandidat'' (fil.kand.) is a title for the holder of a [[bachelor's degree]] (''filosofie kandidatexamen'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/filosofie-kandidat|language=Swedish|title=filosofie kandidat|publisher= Nationalencyklopedin|date=2017|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> |
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In Sweden, the Candidate of Philosophy is the lowest academic degree, essentially the same as a bachelor's degree and usually translated as such.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} |
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===Finland=== |
===Finland=== |
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Revision as of 21:17, 25 August 2017
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2008) |
 | This article possibly contains original research. (August 2017) |
Candidate of Philosophy can refer to the US degree or status of Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil. or Ph.C) or various degrees from other countries. In a few countries the degree is at a level similar to a bachelor's degree elsewhere.
United States
The usual practice in the United States is for a graduate student working toward a doctorate to earn a master's degree (usually Master of Arts or Master of Science) in course after about two years of coursework. In a very few universities, a student who has completed all of the coursework, all of the comprehensive examinations in the subject and all of the language examination requirements, and whose dissertation topic has been approved—in short, who has fulfilled all requirements for the doctorate except the writing and defense of the dissertation itself—may be awarded a Master of Philosophy degree, beyond the Master of Arts or Master of Science already earned. In other universities, such students used the informal designation of Ph.D. (ABD), for "all but dissertation," not an actual degree but an informal convention.
The University of California began offering the Candidate in Philosophy degree in the early 1970s, but some campuses discontinued the practice before the end of that decade; it is still offered at most UC campuses, where it may be awarded within one year of advancing to candidacy.
Very few schools actually designate such students Candidatus Philosophiae or Candidate in Philosophy, abbreviated C.Phil. as a formal status.
University of California
Seven of the ten University of California campuses offer the Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil.) degree to those who have passed the candidacy exam for the PhD in some programs. On some campuses it is only awarded to those leaving without a master's or a doctorate.
- University of California, Berkeley[1]
- University of California, Davis[2]
- University of California, Los Angeles[3]
- University of California, Riverside[4]
- University of California, San Diego[5]
- University of California, San Francisco[6]
- University of California, Santa Barbara[7]
University of Washington
The University of Washington awards a certificate of Candidate in Philosophy (Ph.C.) to those admitted to candidacy for the Ph.D., alongside the Candidate in Education (Ed.C.) and Candidate in Musical Arts (C.M.A.) for those admitted to candidacy for the degrees of Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) and Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.). These are designations for candidate status rather than degrees.[8]
Scandinavia
Denmark
The candidatus/candidata philosophiae degree (cand.phil.) was a master's level degree. It was awarded after four years' study and included a dissertation. As part of Bologna Process of degree reforms, it was abandoned in 1995/6.[9]
Sweden
In Sweden, filosofie kandidat (fil.kand.) is a title for the holder of a bachelor's degree (filosofie kandidatexamen).[10]
Finland
In Finland, formerly the the graduate degree (cf. Master) was called filosofian kandidaatti. The title filosofian maisteri "Master of Philosophy" (usually translated as Master of Arts of Master of Science depending on the field of study) was received thereafter ceremonially and required no further academic work. However, the present practice is that filosofian maisteri is the name of the graduate degree, and filosofian kandidaatti is no longer awarded. The names for the undergraduate degrees (cf. Bachelor) have not gone under any corresponding changes; they are called luonnontieteiden kandidaatti "Candidate of Natural Sciences" and humanististen tieteiden kandidaatti "Candidate of Humanities" and (See fi:Kandidaatti).[citation needed]
Former Soviet Union
- In Russia and ex-Soviet Union countries, kandidat minimum refers to the necessary coursework required for the post-graduate research degree kandidat nauk (comparable to Western PhD). Kandidat minimum includes work in the area of specialization, foreign languages and the philosophy of science.[citation needed]
References
- ^ "The Candidate in Philosophy Degree". UC Berkeley. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "Regulations of the Davis Division of the Academic Senate". UC Davis. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "ADVANCEMENT TO CANDIDACY". UCLA. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "General Catalog 2016-2017" (PDF). UC Riverside. p. 62. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "Requirements for the Candidate in Philosophy (C. Phil.) Degree at San Diego". UC San Diego. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "The Doctor of Philosophy Degree". UC San Francisco. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "Section 3: Candidate in Philosophy Degree". UC Santa Barbara. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "Scholastic Regulations". University of Washington. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "Reforms and previous systems". Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark). Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ "filosofie kandidat" (in Swedish). Nationalencyklopedin. 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
Bibliography
- United States Office of Education, Office of Education, United States (1917). Statistics of Land-grant Colleges and Universities. Original from the University of Michigan: Govt. Print. Off.
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