Calderwood Castle: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 14:35, 18 September 2017

Calderwood Castle was located in East Kilbride, Scotland. The castle was situated near the banks of the Rotten Calder Water in what is now Calderglen Country Park. Most likely constructed in the late fourteenth to early fifteenth century by the Maxwell family, the original peel tower collapsed in 1773. It was replaced by a large country house which has itself since been demolished.

History

An earlier building is suggested to have stood on the site, which belonged to the Barony of Mearns (Roland De Mernis), and which passed to the Maxwells through marriage.^[1]^[2]

The first known castle built on the site was a large rectangular tower house. It was constructed in the early 15th century as ascertained from stylistic designs known from images, as well as historical literature. This building collapsed in January 1773.^[3]

Later in the 18th century a mansion house was constructed on the site, which was extended in the 1840s. The latter development was executed in a spectacular form of Gothic Revival design, quite unique. Whilst the architect is not known, the design has been attributed to David Rhind, who was prominent during the period and on personal terms with the Maxwells of Calderwood. This architect is also thought to have designed the Maxwellton Schoolhouse, within a small weaving village on the old Calderwood Estate, which is still in good preservation as a residential area within the new town of East Kilbride.^[4]^[5]

In 1904 the Calderwood estate was sold to the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society (SCWS), who used the estate for agriculture. They also opened up the glen for recreational use, and briefly turned the castle into a co-operative museum. During the First World War, around 200 refugees from Belgium were housed in the castle.^[6] The country house fell into disrepair following its use by troops during the Second World War. The estate was purchased by East Kilbride Development Corporation in 1947, and part of the castle was demolished. The remaining sections were demolished with explosives in 1951.^[7] Nothing now remains except ruins and rubble.^[8]

The now-ruined Craigneith Castle is located on the opposite side of the river, and may have been built as a folly, visible from Calderwood.^[7]^[9]

Depictions

A painting of the castle by Robert Purves Bell is in the collection of South Lanarkshire Council.^[10]

An engraving by A. Robertson after a sketch by Paul Sandby from c. 1750 depicts the castle viewed from the south. The engraving is recorded as having featured in Forsyth's Beauties of Scotland, although this book does not contain the engraving, although it does appear in the August 1788 edition of the "Edinburgh Magazine or Literary Miscellany".^[11] An original wash sketch of the scene was sold a few decades ago privately by public auction. Sandby also produced another simpler sketch of the same view, upon which the engraving is based. This is held by the National Library of Wales.

On the same visit Sandby produced a sketch of the Calderwood Linn which features on the back of a more well-known view by him of Bothwell Castle. This sketch was unknown until 2015 when local historian Chris Ladds found reference to a wash drawing of a waterfall named "Calderwood Linn on the Clyde".^[12] The Sandby sketch of the waterfall belonged to David Laing, a Scottish antiquarian, and is now in the collection of drawings held at the National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh..

Another engraving features in facsimile in Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland by MacGibbon & Ross, who state it is signed "W. Binton, 1765".^[3] It has been suggested that this actually reads "N. Britain", a reference to the location of Calderwood rather than a signature, and that the engraving is after a lost original by Sandby.^[13] This confusion caused the drawing to be lost to those trying to find it for the past 100 years. It was rediscovered in 2015, again by Chris Ladds, and is also held by the National Galleries of Scotland.

Calderwood name

Calderwood Castle in the opinion of many genealogical groups is thought to have been anciently possessed by a family bearing the name Calderwood.^[14] In fact Calderwood is so ancient a title that it predates Castles in their modern interpretation. The documents regarding the ancient lands of Calderwood and family are scarce, but do suggest that the name descends from a small village or possibly a defended iron-age town (oppidum) as referred to in marriage charters.^[15] There were several Calderwood landholdings in the area, and the retainers on the lands would have gone by this name, rather than any fortification at the Dee of Calder. ^[16] ^[17]^[18]

References

^ Ure, David (1793) History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride
^ Various ancient references from statutes and Glasgow and Paisley Legal documents and charters, records kept in archives at NRS, Glasgow City Archives &c.
^ ^a ^b MacGibbon, David; Ross, Thomas (1887). Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland. Vol. III. David Douglas. pp. 442–443.
^ NAS RS 3/242a (archival record showing David Rhind as a witness to an application for public funding for the school building)
^ "181 MAXWELTON AVENUE, ALMA". Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
^ Flanagan, James (1920). Wholesale co-operation in Scotland, the fruits of fifty years' efforts (1868-1918). SCWS. pp. 180–182, 224–225.
^ ^a ^b "History cavalcade: Calderwood Castle". Daily Record. 18 June 2008.
^ "Calderwood Castle". Canmore. Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
^ "Craigneith Castle". Canmore. Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
^ "Calderwood Castle by Robert Purves Bell". Art UK. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
^ "The Edinburgh Magazine or Literary Miscellany". VIII. 1788: 78 onwards. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Young historian to write book about Calderglen after finding lost sketch of East Kilbride beauty spot". Daily Record. 28 April 2015.
^ "1765 W Binton or N Britain?". Blantyre Project. 28 June 2015.
^ Calderwood Families of Scotland, Ireland & America, Taylor
^ Abstracts of Glasgow Protocols, Maitland Club
^ University of Glasgow Archives; land documents regarding Calderwood Estate
^ The History of the Church of Scotland, Calderwood.
^ Memoirs of the Maxwells of Pollok, Fraser, 1860

External links

"Calderglen Country Park Walks and Trails". South Lanarkshire Council. Retrieved 2013-12-21.
Calderwood Castle History Page run by EK historian Chris Ladds
Secret Scotland Wiki: Calderwood Castle
Calderwood Castle's fall, rise, and fall: The Blantyre Project, page run by Paul Veverka, Blantyre historian

55°46′19″N 4°08′02″W / 55.77187°N 4.13383°W / 55.77187; -4.13383

[1] Ure, David (1793) History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride

[2] Various ancient references from statutes and Glasgow and Paisley Legal documents and charters, records kept in archives at NRS, Glasgow City Archives &c.

[MacGibbon-3] MacGibbon, David; Ross, Thomas (1887). Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland. Vol. III. David Douglas. pp. 442–443.

[4] NAS RS 3/242a (archival record showing David Rhind as a witness to an application for public funding for the school building)

[5] "181 MAXWELTON AVENUE, ALMA". Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 18 September 2017.

[6] Flanagan, James (1920). Wholesale co-operation in Scotland, the fruits of fifty years' efforts (1868-1918). SCWS. pp. 180–182, 224–225.

[dailyrecord2008-7] "History cavalcade: Calderwood Castle". Daily Record. 18 June 2008.

[Canmore-8] "Calderwood Castle". Canmore. Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 18 September 2017.

[Craigneith-9] "Craigneith Castle". Canmore. Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 18 September 2017.

[10] "Calderwood Castle by Robert Purves Bell". Art UK. Retrieved 18 September 2017.

[11] "The Edinburgh Magazine or Literary Miscellany". VIII. 1788: 78 onwards. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[12] "Young historian to write book about Calderglen after finding lost sketch of East Kilbride beauty spot". Daily Record. 28 April 2015.

[13] "1765 W Binton or N Britain?". Blantyre Project. 28 June 2015.

[14] Calderwood Families of Scotland, Ireland & America, Taylor

[15] Abstracts of Glasgow Protocols, Maitland Club

[16] University of Glasgow Archives; land documents regarding Calderwood Estate

[17] The History of the Church of Scotland, Calderwood.

[18] Memoirs of the Maxwells of Pollok, Fraser, 1860

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[File:Canderwood Castle.JPG|thumb|Sign marking the site of Calderwood Castle]]
-'''Calderwood Castle''' was a castle in [[East Kilbride]]. The castle was situated near the banks of the [[Rotten Calder Water]].<ref name=RCAHMS/><ref name=dailyrecord2008/><ref name=calderglen_park>{{cite web|url=http://www.southlanarkshire.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/625/calderglen_country_park_walks_and_trails|title=Calderglen Country Park Walks and Trails|publisher=South Lanarkshire Council|accessdate=2013-12-21}}</ref> in what is now [[Calderglen Country Park]].<ref name=calderglen_park/>  Most likely constructed in the late fourteenth to early fifteenth century by the Maxwell family, the original peel tower collapsed in 1773 after several days of severe weather.<ref name=RCAHMS>{{cite web|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/76196/details/calderwood+castle/|title=Site Record for Calderwood Castle|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|accessdate=2013-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Edinburgh Magazine or Literary Miscellany|date=1788|volume=VIII|pages=78 onwards|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tW8EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA84-IA9&lpg=PA84-IA9&dq=1788+edinburgh+miscellany+calderwood+castle&source=bl&ots=UF0D6_5jd6&sig=mBUi5MOx6PKo8azzmG8nuvknR4Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqu5SRkbDNAhUqD8AKHag2AwoQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=1788%20edinburgh%20miscellany%20calderwood%20castle&f=false}}</ref> An earlier building is suggested to have stood on the site which belonged to the Barony of Mearns (Roland De Mernis), which passed with its lands to the Maxwells through marriage.<ref>History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride, David Ure 1793</ref><ref>Various ancient references from statutes and Glasgow and Paisley Legal documents and charters, records kept in archives at NRS, Glasgow City Archives &c.</ref> The first known 'castle' was built on the site in the early 15th century as ascertained from stylistic designs known from images, as well as historical literature.<ref name="ReferenceA">Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland, McGibbon & Ross</ref> Later in the mid 18th century and then 1840's a sprawling mansion house was constructed and extended on the site, with the latter development being executed in a spectacular form of Gothic Revival design, quite unique, and whilst the architect is not known, has been attributed to David Rhind, who was prominent during the period and on personal terms with the Maxwells of Calderwood. This architect is also thought to have designed the Maxwellton Schoolhouse, with the former beinga small weaving village which was situated on the old Calderwood Estate and still in good preservation as a conservation residential area within the new town of East Kilbride.,<ref>NAS RS 3/242a  (archival record showing David Rhind as a witness to an application for public funding for the school building</ref><ref>http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/sc-1025-181-maxwelton-avenue-alma-including-gatepi#.V2R_QI-cFMs</ref> but it eventually fell into disrepair by the 1940s, with the final vestiges of the castle being demolished with explosives in 1951.<ref name=dailyrecord2008>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/local-lifestyle/history-cavalcade-calderwood-castle-2453324|title= History cavalcade: Calderwood Castle |date=18 June 2008|publisher=Daily Record}}</ref> Nothing now remains except ruins and rubble.<ref name=RCAHMS/>  The now-ruined [[Craigneith Castle]] is nearby.<ref name=RCAHMS/><ref name=dailyrecord2008/><ref name=RCAHMScraigneath>{{cite web|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/171627/textcontribution/east+kilbride+calder+glen+craigneith+castle/|title=Site Record for East Kilbride, Calder Glen, Craigneith Castle|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|accessdate=2013-12-22}}</ref>
+'''Calderwood Castle''' was located in [[East Kilbride]], Scotland. The castle was situated near the banks of the [[Rotten Calder Water]] in what is now [[Calderglen Country Park]]. Most likely constructed in the late fourteenth to early fifteenth century by the Maxwell family, the original peel tower collapsed in 1773. It was replaced by a large country house which has itself since been demolished.
-A painting of the castle by [[Robert Purves Bell]] is in the collection of [[South Lanarkshire Council]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/calderwood-castle-190686|title=Calderwood Castle by Robert Purves Bell|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2013-12-21}}</ref> An Engraving by A. Robertson after a sketch by Paul Sandby from c. 1750's also exist depicting the castle viewed from the south. The engraving is recorded as having featured in Forsyth's Beauties of Scotland, However this book does not contain the engraving, and it appears more likely to be sourced from a late 18th-century Scottish Periodical Edinburgh Magazine. An original wash sketch of the scene was sold a few decades ago privately by public auction. Sandby also produced another simpler sketch of the same view which the engraving is based upon. This is held by the National Library of Wales. On the same visit Sandby produced a sketch of the Calderwood Linn which features on the back of a more well-known view by him of Bothwell Castle. This sketch was unknown of until 2015 when Historian Chris Ladds found reference to a wash drawing of a waterfall named 'Calderwood Linn on the Clyde' <ref>Scottish Daily Record and East Kilbride News, both April 2015</ref><ref>Archival documents held by Christopher Ladds, Calderglen Historian.</ref> Another engraving after a drawing signed 'N. Britain' features is facsimile in Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland by McGibbon & Ross, however the authors misinterpreted the locational signing as saying W. Binton. This confusion caused the drawing to be lost to those trying to find it for the past 100 years. It was rediscovered in 2015 again by Calderglen Historian Chris Ladds of Calderwood.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The original drawing is kept in the collection of drawings held at the National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh. The Sandby sketch of the waterfall belonged to David Laing, a Scottish antiquarian, whereas the 'N. Britain' sketch is believed to be after a lost original by Sandby. Both are now held by sections of the National Galleries of Scotland.
+==History==
+An earlier building is suggested to have stood on the site, which belonged to the Barony of Mearns (Roland De Mernis), and which passed to the Maxwells through marriage.<ref>Ure, David (1793) ''History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride''</ref><ref>Various ancient references from statutes and Glasgow and Paisley Legal documents and charters, records kept in archives at NRS, Glasgow City Archives &c.</ref>
+The first known castle built on the site was a large rectangular tower house. It was constructed in the early 15th century as ascertained from stylistic designs known from images, as well as historical literature. This building collapsed in January 1773.<ref name=MacGibbon>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/castellateddomes03macguoft#page/442/mode/2up |title=Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland |last1=MacGibbon |first1=David |last2=Ross |first2=Thomas |year=1887 |publisher=David Douglas |volume=III |pages=442-443}}</ref>
+Later in the 18th century a mansion house was constructed on the site, which was extended in the 1840s. The latter development was executed in a spectacular form of Gothic Revival design, quite unique.  Whilst the architect is not known, the design has been attributed to [[David Rhind]], who was prominent during the period and on personal terms with the Maxwells of Calderwood. This architect is also thought to have designed the Maxwellton Schoolhouse, within a small weaving village on the old Calderwood Estate, which is still in good preservation as a residential area within the new town of East Kilbride.<ref>NAS RS 3/242a  (archival record showing David Rhind as a witness to an application for public funding for the school building)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB1025 |title=181 MAXWELTON AVENUE, ALMA |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=18 September 2017}}</ref>
+In 1904 the Calderwood estate was sold to the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society (SCWS), who used the estate for agriculture. They also opened up the glen for recreational use, and briefly turned the castle into a co-operative museum. During the First World War, around 200 refugees from Belgium were housed in the castle.<ref>{{cite book |title=Wholesale co-operation in Scotland, the fruits of fifty years' efforts (1868-1918)|pages=180-182,224-225|author=Flanagan, James |publisher=SCWS |year=1920 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924013906825}}</ref> The country house fell into disrepair following its use by troops during the Second World War. The estate was purchased by East Kilbride Development Corporation in 1947, and part of the castle was demolished. The remaining sections were demolished with explosives in 1951.<ref name=dailyrecord2008>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/local-lifestyle/history-cavalcade-calderwood-castle-2453324|title= History cavalcade: Calderwood Castle |date=18 June 2008|work=Daily Record}}</ref> Nothing now remains except ruins and rubble.<ref name=Canmore>{{cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/76196/calderwood-castle |title=Calderwood Castle |work=Canmore |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=18 September 2017}}</ref>
+The now-ruined '''Craigneith Castle''' is located on the opposite side of the river, and may have been built as a [[folly]], visible from Calderwood.<ref name=dailyrecord2008/><ref name=Craigneith>{{cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/171627/east-kilbride-calder-glen-craigneith-castle/|title=Craigneith Castle |work=Canmore |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=18 September 2017}}</ref>
+==Depictions==
+A painting of the castle by [[Robert Purves Bell]] is in the collection of [[South Lanarkshire Council]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/calderwood-castle-190686|title=Calderwood Castle by Robert Purves Bell|publisher=Art UK|accessdate=18 September 2017}}</ref>
+An engraving by A. Robertson after a sketch by [[Paul Sandby]] from c. 1750 depicts the castle viewed from the south. The engraving is recorded as having featured in Forsyth's ''Beauties of Scotland'', although this book does not contain the engraving, although it does appear in the August 1788 edition of the "Edinburgh Magazine or Literary Miscellany".<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Edinburgh Magazine or Literary Miscellany|date=1788|volume=VIII|pages=78 onwards|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tW8EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA84-IA9&lpg=PA84-IA9&dq=1788+edinburgh+miscellany+calderwood+castle&source=bl&ots=UF0D6_5jd6&sig=mBUi5MOx6PKo8azzmG8nuvknR4Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqu5SRkbDNAhUqD8AKHag2AwoQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=1788%20edinburgh%20miscellany%20calderwood%20castle&f=false}}</ref>  An original wash sketch of the scene was sold a few decades ago privately by public auction. Sandby also produced another simpler sketch of the same view, upon which the engraving is based. This is held by the [[National Library of Wales]].
+On the same visit Sandby produced a sketch of the Calderwood Linn which features on the back of a more well-known view by him of [[Bothwell Castle]]. This sketch was unknown until 2015 when local historian Chris Ladds found reference to a wash drawing of a waterfall named "Calderwood Linn on the Clyde".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/young-historian-write-book-calderglen-5596972 |title=Young historian to write book about Calderglen after finding lost sketch of East Kilbride beauty spot |work=Daily Record |date=28 April 2015 }}</ref> The Sandby sketch of the waterfall belonged to [[David Laing (antiquary) |David Laing]], a Scottish antiquarian, and is now in the collection of drawings held at the [[National Galleries of Scotland]], Edinburgh..
+Another engraving features in facsimile in ''Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland'' by [[MacGibbon & Ross]], who state it is signed "W. Binton, 1765".<ref name=MacGibbon/> It has been suggested that this actually reads "N. Britain", a reference to the location of Calderwood rather than a signature, and that the engraving is after a lost original by Sandby.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blantyreproject.wordpress.com/2015/06/28/1765-w-binton-or-n-britain/ |title=1765 W Binton or N Britain? |work=Blantyre Project |date=28 June 2015}}</ref>  This confusion caused the drawing to be lost to those trying to find it for the past 100 years. It was rediscovered in 2015, again by Chris Ladds, and is also held by the National Galleries of Scotland.
+==Calderwood name==
+{{more|Calderwood (surname)}}
 Calderwood Castle in the opinion of many genealogical groups is thought to have been anciently possessed by a family bearing the name Calderwood.<ref>Calderwood Families of Scotland, Ireland & America, Taylor</ref> In fact Calderwood is so ancient a title that it predates Castles in their modern interpretation. The documents regarding the ancient lands of Calderwood and family are scarce, but do suggest that the name descends from a small village or possibly a defended iron-age town (oppidum) as referred to in marriage charters.<ref>Abstracts of Glasgow Protocols, Maitland Club</ref> There were several Calderwood landholdings in the area, and the retainers on the lands would have gone by this name, rather than any fortification at the Dee of Calder.
 <ref>University of Glasgow Archives; land documents regarding Calderwood Estate</ref>
@@ Line 8: / Line 30: @@
 == See also ==
-* [[Calderwood Glen]]
 * [[Maxwell of Calderwood baronetcy]]
@@ Line 15: / Line 36: @@
 == External links ==
+* {{cite web|url=http://www.southlanarkshire.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/625/calderglen_country_park_walks_and_trails|title=Calderglen Country Park Walks and Trails|publisher=South Lanarkshire Council|accessdate=2013-12-21}}
-* [https://www.facebook.com/calderglenhistory/ Calderwood Castle History Page run by EK Historian Chris Ladds.]
+* [https://www.facebook.com/calderglenhistory/ Calderwood Castle History Page run by EK historian Chris Ladds]
-* [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3275515 Photograph of site of the former Calderwood Castle]
 * [http://www.secretscotland.org.uk/index.php/Secrets/CalderwoodCastle Secret Scotland Wiki: Calderwood Castle]
-* [http://blantyreproject.wordpress.com/2012/11/16/calderwood-castles-fall-rise-fall/ The Blantyre Project: Calderwood Castle's fall, rise, and fall - page run by Paul Veverka, Blantyre Historian]
+* [http://blantyreproject.wordpress.com/2012/11/16/calderwood-castles-fall-rise-fall/ Calderwood Castle's fall, rise, and fall: The Blantyre Project, page run by Paul Veverka, Blantyre historian]
-* [http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/939794/ Engraving of Calderwood Castle from Forsyth's ''Beauties of Scotland'']
 {{coord|55.77187|-4.13383|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}