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'''Giacobbe''' "'''Jake'''" '''LaMotta''' (born July 10, 1921) is an American retired [[boxing|professional boxer]], former World [[Middleweight]] Champion, and [[stand-up comedian]]. Nicknamed "'''The Raging Bull'''", LaMotta was a rough fighter, who although not particularly a big puncher, would subject his opponents to vicious beatings in the ring. With use of constant stalking, brawling and inside fighting, he developed the reputation for being a 'bully', and is often referred to today as a [[Boxing styles and technique#The Swarmer|swarmer]] and a [[Boxing styles and technique#The Slugger|slugger]].
'''Giacobbe''' "'''Jake'''" '''LaMotta''' (July 10, 1921 - September 19, 2017) was an American retired [[boxing|professional boxer]], former World [[Middleweight]] Champion, and [[stand-up comedian]]. Nicknamed "'''The Raging Bull'''", LaMotta was a rough fighter, who although not particularly a big puncher, would subject his opponents to vicious beatings in the ring. With use of constant stalking, brawling and inside fighting, he developed the reputation for being a 'bully', and is often referred to today as a [[Boxing styles and technique#The Swarmer|swarmer]] and a [[Boxing styles and technique#The Slugger|slugger]].


Due to his style of fighting, LaMotta often got as much as he was giving in an era of great middleweights; with a thick skull and jaw muscles, LaMotta was able to absorb incredible amounts of punishment over the course of his career, and is thought to have one of the greatest [[chin (boxing)|chins]] in boxing history. LaMotta's six fight rivalry with [[Sugar Ray Robinson]] is one of the most notable in the sport, with LaMotta winning just one of the bouts. Although each one was close, LaMotta dropped Robinson multiple times. LaMotta, who has lived a turbulent life in and out of the ring, was portrayed by [[Robert De Niro]] in the 1980 film ''[[Raging Bull]]''.
Due to his style of fighting, LaMotta often got as much as he was giving in an era of great middleweights; with a thick skull and jaw muscles, LaMotta was able to absorb incredible amounts of punishment over the course of his career, and is thought to have one of the greatest [[chin (boxing)|chins]] in boxing history. LaMotta's six fight rivalry with [[Sugar Ray Robinson]] is one of the most notable in the sport, with LaMotta winning just one of the bouts. Although each one was close, LaMotta dropped Robinson multiple times. LaMotta, who has lived a turbulent life in and out of the ring, was portrayed by [[Robert De Niro]] in the 1980 film ''[[Raging Bull]]''.

Revision as of 07:28, 20 September 2017

Jake LaMotta
LaMotta in a postcard dated 1952
Born
Giacobbe LaMotta

(1921-07-10)July 10, 1921
The Bronx, New York
NationalityAmerican
Other namesThe Bronx Bull
The Raging Bull
Statistics
Weight(s)Middleweight
Light Heavyweight
Height5 ft 8 in (173 cm)[1]
Reach67 in (170 cm)[1]
StanceOrthodox
Boxing record
Total fights106
Wins83
Wins by KO30
Losses19
Draws4
No contests0

Giacobbe "Jake" LaMotta (July 10, 1921 - September 19, 2017) was an American retired professional boxer, former World Middleweight Champion, and stand-up comedian. Nicknamed "The Raging Bull", LaMotta was a rough fighter, who although not particularly a big puncher, would subject his opponents to vicious beatings in the ring. With use of constant stalking, brawling and inside fighting, he developed the reputation for being a 'bully', and is often referred to today as a swarmer and a slugger.

Due to his style of fighting, LaMotta often got as much as he was giving in an era of great middleweights; with a thick skull and jaw muscles, LaMotta was able to absorb incredible amounts of punishment over the course of his career, and is thought to have one of the greatest chins in boxing history. LaMotta's six fight rivalry with Sugar Ray Robinson is one of the most notable in the sport, with LaMotta winning just one of the bouts. Although each one was close, LaMotta dropped Robinson multiple times. LaMotta, who has lived a turbulent life in and out of the ring, was portrayed by Robert De Niro in the 1980 film Raging Bull.

His brother Joey LaMotta was his manager.

Early life

LaMotta was born to Italian parents in the Bronx, New York City in 1921.[2] His mother was born in the United States, while his father was an immigrant from Messina. He was forced by his father into fighting other children to entertain neighborhood adults, who threw pocket change into the ring. LaMotta's father collected the money and used it to help pay the rent.[3] His cousin was inventor Richard LaMotta.[4]

In 1941, at the age of 19, LaMotta turned professional. During World War II, he was rejected for military service because of a mastoid operation on one of his ears.[5]

Boxing career

LaMotta went 14–0–1 (3 KOs) as a middleweight in his first fifteen bouts before losing a highly controversial split decision to Jimmy Reeves in Reeves' hometown of Cleveland, Ohio. Chaos erupted after the decision was announced. Fights broke out around the ring and the crowd continued to boo for 20 minutes. The arena's organist tried to calm down the crowd by playing the "Star Spangled Banner".

One month later, LaMotta and Reeves fought again in the same arena. Reeves won a much less controversial decision. A third match between the two took place on March 19, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan. The first five rounds were close, though Reeves was struggling in the fourth. In the sixth round, LaMotta floored Reeves, who was only down for a second. Once the fight resumed, LaMotta landed a left on Reeves' chin, sending him down face-first. Reeves was blinking his eyes and shaking his head as the referee counted him out.

LaMotta vs. Robinson I–V

LaMotta fought Sugar Ray Robinson in Robinson's middleweight debut at Madison Square Garden, New York, October 2, 1942.[6] LaMotta knocked Robinson down in the first round of the fight. Robinson got up and took control over much of the fight, winning via unanimous 10 round decision.[6]

A 10 round rematch took place February 5, 1943, at Olympia Stadium in Detroit, Michigan.[6] The eighth round was historic. LaMotta landed a right to Robinson's head and a left to his body, sending him through the ropes. Robinson was saved by the bell at the count of nine. LaMotta, who was already leading on the scorecards before knocking Robinson out of the ring, pummeled and outpointed him for the rest of the fight. Robinson had trouble keeping LaMotta at bay.[7] LaMotta won via unanimous decision, giving Robinson the first defeat of his career.

The victory was short-lived, as the two met on February 26, 1943, another 10 round fight, once again at Olympia Stadium in Robinson's former home of Detroit.[6] Robinson was knocked down for a nine-count count in round seven. Robinson later stated, "He really hurt me with a left in the seventh round. I was a little dazed and decided to stay on the deck." Robinson won the close fight by unanimous decision, utilizing a dazzling left jab and jarring uppercuts.[8] LaMotta stated the fight was gifted to Robinson because he would be inducted into the army the next day.[9]

A fourth fight, the duo's final 10 rounder, took place nearly two years after the third, on February 23, 1945, at Madison Square Garden, New York.[10] Robinson won again by a unanimous decision.

LaMotta and Robinson had their fifth bout at Comiskey Park, Chicago, Illinois on September 26, 1945. Robinson won by a very controversial split decision contested over 12 rounds.[11] The decision was severely booed by the 14,755 people in attendance. LaMotta later said in his autobiography that the decision was widely criticized by several newspapers and boxing publishers. Robinson said afterward, "This was the toughest fight I've ever had with LaMotta."[12]

LaMotta vs. Fox

On November 14, 1947, LaMotta was knocked out in four rounds by Billy Fox. Suspecting the fight was fixed, the New York State Athletic Commission withheld purses for the fight and suspended LaMotta. The fight with Fox would come back to haunt him later in life, during a case with the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

In his testimony and in his later book, LaMotta admitted to throwing the fight to gain favor with the Mafia. All involved agreed the fix was obvious and their staging inept. As LaMotta wrote,

The first round, a couple of belts to his head, and I see a glassy look coming over his eyes. Jesus Christ, a couple of jabs and he's going to fall down? I began to panic a little. I was supposed to be throwing a fight to this guy, and it looked like I was going to end up holding him on his feet... By [the fourth round], if there was anybody in the Garden who didn't know what was happening, he must have been dead drunk."[13]

The thrown fight and a payment of $20,000 to the Mafia got LaMotta his title bout against World Middleweight Champion Marcel Cerdan.[14]

LaMotta went 9–1 before he fought for the title. His only loss was a decision to Laurent Dauthuille.

LaMotta vs. Cerdan

LaMotta won the World Middleweight title on June 16, 1949 in Detroit, Michigan, defeating Frenchman Marcel Cerdan.[15] LaMotta won the first round (also knocking Cerdan down), Cerdan the second, and the third was even. At that point it became clear something was wrong. Cerdan dislocated his arm in the first round, apparently damaged in the knockdown, and gave up before the start of the 10th round. LaMotta damaged his left hand in the fifth round, but still landed 104 punches in the ninth round, whereas Cerdan hardly threw a punch.[16] The official score had LaMotta as winner by a knockout in 10 rounds because the bell had already rung to begin that round when Cerdan announced he was quitting. A rematch was arranged, but while Cerdan was flying back to the United States to fight the rematch, his Air France Lockheed Constellation crashed in the Azores, killing everyone on board.[citation needed]

World Middleweight Champion

LaMotta made his first title defense against Tiberio Mitri on July 7, 1950 at Madison Square Garden, New York. LaMotta retained his title via unanimous decision. LaMotta's next defense came on September 13, 1950 against Laurent Dauthuille. Dauthuille had previously beaten LaMotta by decision before LaMotta became world champion. By the fifteenth round, Dauthuille was once again ahead on all scorecards (72–68, 74–66, 71–69) and seemed to be about to repeat a victory against LaMotta. LaMotta hit Dauthuille with a barrage of punches that sent him down against the ropes toward the end of the round. Dauthuille was counted out with 13 seconds left in the fight.[17] This fight was named Fight of the Year for 1950 by The Ring Magazine.

Saint Valentine's Day Massacre

The sixth and final fight between LaMotta and Robinson took place at Chicago Stadium. This fight was scheduled for 15 rounds and was for the middleweight title.[6] Held on February 14, 1951, Saint Valentine's Day, the fight became known as boxing's version of the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. In the last few rounds, LaMotta began to take a horrible beating and was soon unable to defend himself from Robinson's powerful blows. But LaMotta refused to go down. Robinson won by a technical knockout in the 13th round, when the fight was stopped with LaMotta lying on the ropes. However, Robinson was never able to knock LaMotta down.

Light heavyweight

LaMotta moved up to light heavyweight after losing his world middleweight title. He had poor results at first. He lost his debut against Bob Murphy, lost a split decision to Norman Hayes, and drew with Gene Hairston in his first three bouts. In his next three fights, LaMotta had rematches with Hayes, Hairston, and Murphy and defeated all of them by unanimous decision.

On December 31, 1952, LaMotta had his next fight against Danny Nardico. LaMotta was knocked down for the only time in his career (not counting his thrown 1947 fight) by a right hand in the seventh round. He got up and was beaten against a corner by Nardico until the bell rang. LaMotta's corner stopped the bout before the eighth round began.[18]

In the mid-1950s, LaMotta sustained a boxing injury and took time off to recover. When he returned, he knocked out his first two opponents, Johnny Pretzie (TKO 4) and Al McCoy (KO 1), but a controversial split decision loss afterwards to Billy Kilgore convinced him to retire.[citation needed]

Post-boxing

After retirement, LaMotta owned and managed bars, and became a stage actor and stand-up comedian. In 1958 he was arrested and charged with introducing men to an underage girl at a club he owned in Miami. He was convicted and served 6-months on a chain gang, although he has maintained his innocence.[19]

LaMotta appeared in more than 15 films, including The Hustler (1961) with Paul Newman and Jackie Gleason, in which he had a cameo role as a bartender.[20] He appeared in several episodes of the NBC police comedy, Car 54 Where Are You? (1961–63). A lifelong baseball fan, he organized the Jake LaMotta All-Star Team in the Bronx. The LaMotta team played in Sterling Oval which was located between 165th and 164th Streets between Clay and Teller Avenue.[citation needed]

In 1960, LaMotta was called to testify before a U.S. Senate sub-committee that was looking into underworld influence on boxing. He testified that he had thrown his bout with Billy Fox so that the mob would arrange a title bout for him.[13]

Fighting style

LaMotta is recognized as having one of the best chins in boxing. He rolled with punches, minimizing their force and damage when they landed, but he was also able to absorb many blows.[3] In the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, his sixth bout with Robinson, LaMotta suffered numerous severe blows to the head. Commentators could be heard saying "No man can take this kind of punishment!" But LaMotta did not go down. The fight was stopped by the referee in the 13th round, declaring it a TKO victory for Robinson.

LaMotta was one of the first boxers to adopt the "bully" style of fighting, in that he always stayed close and in punching range of his opponent, by stalking him around the ring, and sacrificed taking punches himself in order to land his own shots. Due to his aggressive, unrelenting style he was known as "The Bronx Bull."[21] He boasted "No son-of-a-bitch ever knocked me off my feet", but that claim was ended in December 1952 at the hands of Danny Nardico when Nardico caught him with a hard right in the seventh round. LaMotta fell into the ropes and went down. After regaining his footing, he was unable to come out for the next round.[22][23]

Raging Bull

Main article: Raging Bull

Hollywood executives approached LaMotta with the idea of a movie about his life, based on his 1970 memoir, Raging Bull: My Story. The film, Raging Bull, released in 1980, was initially only a minor box office success, but eventually became a huge critical success both for director Martin Scorsese and actor Robert De Niro, who gained about 60 pounds during the shooting of the film to play the older LaMotta in later scenes.

To accurately portray the younger LaMotta, De Niro trained with LaMotta until LaMotta felt he was ready to box professionally. De Niro lived in Paris for three months, eating at the finest restaurants in order to gain sufficient weight to portray LaMotta after retirement.[13] De Niro won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance.

Later life

In February 1998, LaMotta's elder son, Jake LaMotta, Jr., died of liver cancer.[3] In September 1998, his younger son, Joseph LaMotta, died in the crash of Swissair Flight 111.[3][24]

His nephew, John LaMotta, fought in the heavyweight-novice class of the 2001 Golden Gloves championship tournament.[25] John later became an actor, and one of his roles was as "Duke", who ran the bar of that name featured in the television comedy series Frasier. Another nephew, William Lustig, is a well-known director and producer of horror films and the president of Blue Underground, Inc.[26]

LaMotta has four daughters, including Christi by his second wife Vikki LaMotta and Stephanie by his fourth wife Dimitria. He married a seventh wife, his longtime fiancée Denise Baker, on January 4, 2013.[27][28]

He remains active on the speaking and autograph circuit, and has published several books about his career, his life, and his fights with Robinson. He is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame[3] and was ranked 52nd on Ring Magazine's List of the 80 Best Fighters of the Last 80 Years.[29] The magazine ranked him as one of the 10 greatest middleweights of all time.[citation needed]

LaMotta appeared in a 50-minute New York stage production, Lady and the Champ, in July 2012. The production focused on LaMotta's boxing career, and was criticized by The New York Times as poorly executed and a "bizarre debacle".[30]

LaMotta is the subject of a documentary directed and produced by LEMMY co-director Greg Olliver. The film features an appearance by Mike Tyson among other notable athletes, actors and Jake's family and friends. Also in production was a sequel to Raging Bull, although MGM filed suit to halt the project, saying that LaMotta does not have the right to make a sequel.[31] The lawsuit was settled on July 31, 2012 when LaMotta agreed to change the title of the film to The Bronx Bull.[32]

LaMotta: The Bronx Bull stars actor William Forsythe as LaMotta, while Paul Sorvino plays his father. It also features Joe Mantegna, Tom Sizemore, Penelope Ann Miller, Natasha Henstridge, Joey Diaz and Ray Wise.[33]

Professional Boxing Record

Date Opponent Location Res.
1941-03-03 Charley Mackley New York, US W PTS 4
1941-03-14 Tony Gillo Bridgeport, US W PTS 6
1941-04-01 Johnny Morris White Plains, US W TKO 4
1941-04-08 Joe Fredericks White Plains, US W TKO 1
1941-04-15 Stanley Goicz White Plains, US W PTS 4
1941-04-22 Lorne McCarthy White Plains, US W PTS 4
1941-04-26 Monroe Crewe Brooklyn, US W PTS 4
1941-05-20 Johnny Cihlar Brooklyn, US W PTS 4
1941-05-27 Johnny Morris Bronx, US W PTS 4
1941-06-09 Lorenzo Strickland Woodhaven, Queens, US W PTS 4
1941-06-16 Lorenzo Strickland Bronx, US W PTS 6
1941-06-23 Johnny Morris Bronx, US W KO 3
1941-07-15 Joe Baynes Long Island City, Queens, US W PTS 6
1941-08-05 Joe Shikula Long Island City, Queens, US D PTS 6
1941-08-11 Cliff Koerkle Bronx, US W PTS 6
1941-09-24 Jimmy Reeves Cleveland, US L SD 10
1941-10-07 Lorenzo Strickland White Plains, US W PTS 8
1941-10-20 Jimmy Reeves Cleveland, US L UD 10
1941-11-14 Jimmy Casa New York, US W PTS 6
1941-12-22 Nate Bolden Chicago, US L SD 10
1942-01-27 Frankie Jamison Bronx, US W PTS 8
1942-03-03 Frankie Jamison Bronx, US W PTS 8
1942-03-18 Lorenzo Strickland Bronx, US W PTS 10
1942-04-07 Lou Schwartz Bronx, US W KO 9
1942-04-21 Buddy O'Dell Bronx, US W PTS 10
1942-05-12 Jose Basora Bronx, US D PTS 10
1942-06-02 Vic Dellicurti Bronx, US W PTS 10
1942-06-16 Jose Basora Bronx, US L PTS 10
1942-07-28 Lorenzo Strickland Bronx, US W PTS 8
1942-08-28 Jimmy Edgar New York, US W PTS 10
1942-09-08 Vic Dellicurti Bronx, US W PTS 10
1942-10-02 Sugar Ray Robinson New York, US L UD 10
1942-10-20 Bill McDowell Brooklyn, US W TKO 5
1942-11-06 Henry Chmielewski Boston, US W UD 10
1943-01-01 Jimmy Edgar Detroit, US W SD 10
1943-01-15 California Jackie Wilson New York, US W PTS 10
1943-01-22 Charley Hayes Detroit, US W TKO 6
1943-02-05 Sugar Ray Robinson Detroit, US W UD 10
1943-02-26 Sugar Ray Robinson Detroit, US L UD 10
1943-03-19 Jimmy Reeves Detroit, US W KO 6
1943-03-30 Ossie Harris Pittsburgh, US W PTS 10
1943-05-12 Tony Ferrara Cincinnati, US W KO 6
1943-06-10 Fritzie Zivic Pittsburgh, US W SD 10
1943-07-12 Fritzie Zivic Pittsburgh, US L SD 15
1943-09-17 Jose Basora Detroit, US W UD 10
1943-10-11 Johnny Walker Philadelphia, US W TKO 2
1943-11-12 Fritzie Zivic New York, US W SD 10
1944-01-14 Fritzie Zivic Detroit, US W UD 10
1944-01-28 Ossie Harris Detroit, US W SD 10
1944-02-25 Ossie Harris Detroit, US W SD 10
1944-03-17 Coley Welch Boston, US W UD 10
1944-03-31 Lou Woods Chicago, US W SD 10
1944-04-21 Lloyd Marshall Cleveland, US L UD 10
1944-09-29 George Kochan Detroit, US W PTS 10
1944-11-03 George Kochan Detroit, US W TKO 9
1945-02-23 Sugar Ray Robinson New York, US L UD 10
1945-03-19 Lou Schwartz Norfolk, US W KO 1
1945-03-26 George Costner Chicago, US W KO 6
1945-04-20 Vic Dellicurti New York, US W UD 10
1945-04-27 Bert Lytell Boston, US W SD 10
1945-07-06 Tommy Bell New York, US W UD 10
1945-08-10 Jose Basora New York, US W TKO 9
1945-09-17 George Kochan New York, US W TKO 9
1945-09-26 Sugar Ray Robinson Chicago, US L SD 12
1945-11-13 Coolidge Miller Bronx, US W KO 3
1945-11-23 Walter Woods Boston, US W KO 8
1945-12-07 Charley Parham Chicago, US W TKO 6
1946-01-11 Tommy Bell New York, US W UD 10
1946-03-29 Marcus Lockman Boston, US W PTS 10
1946-05-24 Joe Reddick Boston, US W UD 10
1946-06-13 Jimmy Edgar Detroit, US D PTS 10
1946-08-07 Holman Williams Detroit, US W UD 10
1946-09-12 Bob Satterfield Chicago, US W KO 7
1946-10-25 O'Neill Bell Detroit, US W KO 2
1946-12-06 Anton Raadik Chicago, US W PTS 10
1947-03-14 Tommy Bell New York, US W UD 10
1947-06-06 Tony Janiro New York, US W UD 10
1947-09-03 Cecil Hudson Chicago, US L SD 10
1947-11-14 Billy Fox New York, US L TKO 4
1948-06-01 Ken Stribling Washington, US W TKO 5
1948-09-07 Burl Charity Bronx, US W TKO 5
1948-10-01 Johnny Colan New York, US W TKO 10
1948-10-18 Vern Lester Brooklyn, US W SD 10
1948-12-03 Tommy Yarosz New York, US W UD 10
1949-02-21 Laurent Dauthuille Montreal, CA L UD 10
1949-03-25 Robert Villemain New York, US W SD 12
1949-04-18 O'Neill Bell Detroit, US W KO 4
1949-05-18 Joey DeJohn Syracuse, US W TKO 8
1949-06-16 Marcel Cerdan Detroit, US W TKO 10

National Boxing Association World Middleweight Title

Date Opponent Location Res.
1949-12-09 Robert Villemain New York, US L UD 10
1950-02-03 Dick Wagner Detroit, US W TKO 9
1950-03-28 Chuck Hunter Cleveland, US W TKO 6
1950-05-04 Joe Taylor Syracuse, US W UD 10
1950-07-12 Tiberio Mitri New York, US W UD 15
1950-09-13 Laurent Dauthuille Detroit, US W KO 15
1951-02-14 Sugar Ray Robinson Chicago, US L TKO 13
1951-06-27 Bob Murphy Bronx, US L RTD 7
1952-01-28 Norman Hayes Boston, US L SD 10
1952-03-05 Gene Hairston Detroit, US D PTS 10
1952-04-09 Norman Hayes Detroit, US W UD 10
1952-05-21 Gene Hairston Detroit, US W UD 10
1952-06-11 Bob Murphy Detroit, US W UD 10
1952-12-31 Danny Nardico Coral Gables, US L RTD 7
1954-03-11 Johnny Pretzie West Palm Beach, US W TKO 4
1954-04-03 Al McCoy Charlotte, US W KO 1
1954-04-14 Billy Kilgore Miami Beach, US L SD 10

[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Jake LaMotta". boxrec.com. BoxRec. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  2. ^ "Biography : Official Jake Lamotta Website". Officialjakelamotta.com. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  3. ^ a b c d e "International Boxing Hall of Fame profile". Ibhof.com. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  4. ^ Hevesi, Dennis, "Richard LaMotta, Creator of Chipwich Ice Cream Sandwich, Dies at 67", The New York Times, May 15, 2010
  5. ^ Raging Bull: My Story (pg. 112)
  6. ^ a b c d e Sweet Thunder
  7. ^ "Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Jake LaMotta (2nd meeting)". Boxrec.com (2006-05-10). Retrieved on 2012-04-07.
  8. ^ "Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Jake LaMotta (3rd meeting)". Boxrec.com (2006-05-10). Retrieved on 2012-04-07.
  9. ^ "How Sugar Ray Robinson made Jake La Motta his bloody Valentine in 1951". The Guardian. 8 February 2016.
  10. ^ Box-Rec & Sweet Thunder
  11. ^ Sweet Thunder & Box-Rec
  12. ^ "Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Jake LaMotta (5th meeting)". Boxrec.com (2006-05-10). Retrieved on 2012-04-07.
  13. ^ a b c Jeff Merron, ESPN.com. Page 2 - "Reel Life: 'Raging Bull'". Accessed 7 January 2008.
  14. ^ Edmund P. Edmunds and William H. Manz, William S. Hein & Co., Inc., 2005. "Congress and Boxing: A Legislative History 1960–2003". Accessed 7 January 2008.
  15. ^ "The Lineal Middleweight Champions". The Cyber Boxing Zone Encyclopedia.
  16. ^ "Marcel Cerdan vs. Jake LaMotta", Boxrec.com, May 30, 2007; retrieved September 8, 2015.
  17. ^ Peretz, Howard G. (1999). It Ain't Over 'Till The Fat Lady Sings: The 100 Greatest Sports Finishes of All Time. New York: Barnes and Nobles Books. pp. 28–29. ISBN 0-7607-1707-9.
  18. ^ "Jake LaMotta vs. Danny Nardico", Boxrec.com; accessed September 8, 2015.
  19. ^ "online article about Jake LaMotta's Fall from Grace". Sports.jrank.org. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  20. ^ Crowther, Bosley. "New York Times review of The Hustler". Movies.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  21. ^ "Jake La Motta", Encyclopædia Britannica; accessed September 8, 2015.
  22. ^ "James Looks To Title Bid As Jake Loses", Deseret News, January 1, 1953.
  23. ^ "Jake LaMotta vs Danny Nardico" on YouTube.
  24. ^ "Americas Boxing champ sues over plane crash son". BBC News. 1998-09-10. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  25. ^ NY Times - 2001 Golden Gloves [dead link‍]
  26. ^ Nephew Jason Lustig
  27. ^ "7th wedding bout for 'Bull' Jake LaMotta". New York Post. December 21, 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  28. ^ "The raging bull who refuses to give up fight with life". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  29. ^ "Ring Magazine's 80 Best Fighters of the Last 80 Years". Boxing.about.com. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
  30. ^ Jaworowski, Ken (July 24, 2012). "THEATER REVIEW; "Lady and the Champ", With Jake LaMotta". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  31. ^ "Jake LaMotta works on stage show and doc amidst legal battle over "Raging Bull 2" - NYPOST.com". New York Post. July 5, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  32. ^ "MGM Settling 'Raging Bull 2' Lawsuit; Jake LaMotta Movie Changing Title to 'The Bronx Bull'". The Hollywood Reporter. August 1, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  33. ^ "The Bronx Bull". Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  34. ^ http://www.officialjakelamotta.com/fight-record
Achievements
Preceded by World Middleweight Champion
June 16, 1949 – February 14, 1951 		Succeeded by
Sporting positions
Previous:
Al Hostak 		Oldest Living World Champion
August 13, 2006 – present 		Incumbent
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