Lodewijk Thomson

Lodewijk Thomson
First lieutenant Thomson in 1910
Birth name	Lodewijk Willem Johan Karel Thomson
Born	(1869-06-11)June 11, 1869 Voorschoten, Netherlands
Died	June 15, 1914(1914-06-15) (aged 45) Durrës, Albania
Allegiance	Royal Netherlands Army
Years of service	1884–1914
Rank	Major

Lodewijk Willem Johan Karel Thomson (June 11, 1869 in Voorschoten, Netherlands – June 15, 1914 in Durrës, Albania) was a Dutch military commander and politician. He served as a member of the Dutch parliament between 1905 and 1913. In 1914 he became the commander of a newly created International Gendarmerie force in the Principality of Albania. He was killed during fighting in the town of Durrës on 15 June 1914, becoming the first Dutch soldier to be killed during a peacekeeping mission.

Early life and military career

Lodewijk Thomson was born in Voorschoten, Netherlands on June 11, 1869. His father was navy medical officer of British origin, while his mother a member of the noble Pompe van Meerdervoort family. After studying at a Hogere burgerschool in Rotterdam he joined the army in 1884 and studied at the Royal Military Academy in Breda, holding the rank of a Second Lieutenant of the infantry. From 1891 he joined a reconnaissance unit and studied cartography. Between 1894 and 1896 he served in the Dutch colonial forces and took part in the Aceh War, where he was awarded the grade of a Knight 4th class of the Military William Order. In the following years he published various articles on matters of cartography in military journal.

Between 1899 and 1900 he served as a military attaché in South Africa. In 1903, back in the Netherlands, he was given command of the military administration of railways around The Hague during a rail workers' strike. This earned him another decoration, the Order of Orange-Nassau, and promotion to the rank of captain.

Political career

In the general elections of 1905 Thomson was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the constituency of Leeuwarden on a Liberal Union ticket. He was re-elected in the 1909 elections, but lost his seat in 1913.

Balkan Wars and Albania

Prince Wilhelm of Wied, Isa Boletini and officers of the International Gendarmerie: Duncan Heaton-Armstrong and Colonel Thomson near Durres in June 1914

Main article: Peasant Revolt in Albania

During the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913, Thomson again served as a military attaché, this time in Greece. In 1914, now holding the rank of major, he was selected as head of the new International Gendarmerie force which was to work under the command of Dutch officers in Albanian service in a peacekeeping function to stabilize the newly independent Principality of Albania. On 15 June 1914, his unit was engaged in fighting around the port of Durrës in central Albania, during which he was killed. According to sources, it is probable that an Italian sniper was behind his death.

Thomson was initially buried in Albania but his remains were transferred to the Netherlands a month later and re-buried with great public ceremony in Groningen. As a reaction to Thomson's death and the general failure of the peacekeeping project, the Dutch activity in the Albanian gendarmerie was discontinued a short time later.

Legacy

Bust of Thomson by August Falise, Hereweg, Groningen

A street in Groningen as well as a street and a square in The Hague are named after Thomson. Public statues commemorating him were also erected in both Dutch cities, as well as in Durrës, near the Venetian tower overlooking the port. On Dutch Veterans' Day, 28 June 2014, the President of the Senate of the Netherlands, Ankie Broekers-Knol unveiled a replica of the Groningen Statue in the Dutch parliament building to mark the 100th anniversary of Thomson's death.

Awards and decorations

• Knight of the Military Order of William (1887)
• Knight of the Order of the Dutch Lion (1913)
• Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau with Swords (1903)
• Silver Honorary Medal for Merit possessed against Public Collections (1912)
• Expedition Cross
• Long Service Medal for Officers
• Officer of the Legion of Honour (1911)
• Officer of the Order of the Redeemer (Greece, Balkan War)
• Medal for the Greek-Turkish war 1912–1913
• Knight of the Order of the Sword (Sweden, 1913)
• Knight of the Order of Prince Danilo I (Montenegro, Balkan War)
• Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle (Albania, 1914)
• Honorary citizen of Durres
• Golden Medal of the Eagle (Medalja e Artë e Shqiponjës; Albania, posthumously 28 March 2004).