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| yearconstruction = 1995–1998
| yearconstruction = 1995–1998
| yearservice =
| yearservice =
| refurbishment = 2008-2010
| refurbishment = 2008–2010
| yearscrapped =
| yearscrapped =
| numberbuilt = 144 vehicles (9 sets)
| numberbuilt = 144 vehicles (9 sets)
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}}


The {{Nihongo|'''500 series'''|500系|Gohyaku-kei}} is a [[Shinkansen]] [[High-speed rail|high-speed train]] type operated by [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR-West) on the [[Tokaido Shinkansen]] and [[Sanyo Shinkansen]] lines in Japan.<ref name="neko2006">{{cite book |title=JR全車両ハンドブック2006 |trans_title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006 | publisher=Neko Publishing | year=2006 | location=Japan | isbn=}}</ref> They were designed to be capable of {{convert|320|km/h|mph|disp=5|abbr=on}} but operated at {{convert|300|km/h|mph|disp=5|abbr=on}}, until they were finally retired from the primary ''[[Nozomi (train)|Nozomi]]'' service in 2010. The trainsets were then refurbished and downgraded to the all-stations ''[[Kodama (train)|Kodama]]'' service between {{STN|Shin-Osaka}} and {{STN|Hakata}}.
The {{Nihongo|'''500 series'''|500系|Gohyaku-kei}} is a [[Shinkansen]] [[High-speed rail|high-speed train]] type operated by [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR-West) on the [[Tokaido Shinkansen]] and [[Sanyo Shinkansen]] lines in Japan.<ref name="neko2006">{{cite book |title=JR全車両ハンドブック2006 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006 | publisher=Neko Publishing | year=2006 | location=Japan | isbn=}}</ref> They were designed to be capable of {{convert|320|km/h|mph|disp=5|abbr=on}} but operated at {{convert|300|km/h|mph|disp=5|abbr=on}}, until they were finally retired from the primary ''[[Nozomi (train)|Nozomi]]'' service in 2010. The trainsets were then refurbished and downgraded to the all-stations ''[[Kodama (train)|Kodama]]'' service between {{STN|Shin-Osaka}} and {{STN|Hakata}}.


==Overview==
==Overview==
The general design concept was overseen by German industrial designer [[Alexander Neumeister]].<ref name="shinkansen2011">{{cite book | title = 新幹線 車両大全 |trans_title= Shinkansen Cars Encyclopedia | publisher = Ikaros Publications Ltd.| date = November 2011 | location = Tokyo, Japan | pages = 96–121| isbn = 978-4-86320-526-0}}</ref> The running gear utilizes computer-controlled [[active suspension]]<ref>http://www.rtri.or.jp/eng/publish/newsletter/pdf/01/RTA-01-05.pdf</ref> for a smoother, safer ride, and [[Yaw damper (railroad)|yaw dampers]] are fitted between cars for improved stability. All sixteen cars in each original trainset were powered, giving a maximum of {{convert|18.24|MW|hp|abbr=on}}. Each train cost an estimated 5 billion yen, and only nine were built.
The general design concept was overseen by German industrial designer [[Alexander Neumeister]].<ref name="shinkansen2011">{{cite book | title = 新幹線 車両大全 |trans-title= Shinkansen Cars Encyclopedia | publisher = Ikaros Publications Ltd.| date = November 2011 | location = Tokyo, Japan | pages = 96–121| isbn = 978-4-86320-526-0}}</ref> The running gear utilizes computer-controlled [[active suspension]]<ref>http://www.rtri.or.jp/eng/publish/newsletter/pdf/01/RTA-01-05.pdf</ref> for a smoother, safer ride, and [[Yaw damper (railroad)|yaw dampers]] are fitted between cars for improved stability. All sixteen cars in each original trainset were powered, giving a maximum of {{convert|18.24|MW|hp|abbr=on}}. Each train cost an estimated 5 billion yen, and only nine were built.


==16-car W sets==
==16-car W sets==
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Cars 8 to 10 were "Green" (first class) cars. Cars 5 and 13 each had one "T"-style current collector.<ref name="jrr2010">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2010夏 | trans_title = JR EMU Formations - Summer 2010 | publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha| date = May 2010 | location = Japan | pages = | isbn = 978-4-330-14310-1}}</ref>
Cars 8 to 10 were "Green" (first class) cars. Cars 5 and 13 each had one "T"-style current collector.<ref name="jrr2010">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2010夏 | trans-title = JR EMU Formations - Summer 2010 | publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha| date = May 2010 | location = Japan | pages = | isbn = 978-4-330-14310-1}}</ref>


===Interior===
===Interior===
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==8-car V sets (500-7000 series)==
==8-car V sets (500-7000 series)==
[[File:JRW-500 V2 inHimeji.jpg|thumb|8-car 500 series ''Kodama'' set at [[Himeji Station]], August 2009]]
[[File:JRW-500 V2 inHimeji.jpg|thumb|8-car 500 series ''Kodama'' set at [[Himeji Station]], August 2009]]
Eight of the original nine 500 series sets were modified and shortened to 8 cars between 2008 and 2010, and were cascaded to Sanyo Shinkansen ''[[Kodama (train)|Kodama]]'' workings, replacing the earlier [[0 Series Shinkansen|0 series]] sets.<ref>"Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō" magazine February 2008 issue, p74</ref> The first reformed 8-car set was unveiled to the press on 28 March 2008, and the trains entered service on twelve daily ''Kodama'' runs from 1 December 2008.<ref>{{cite web| author=| script-title=ja:平成20年度【冬】の臨時列車の運転について| trans_title=Winter 2008 additional train services| url=http://www.westjr.co.jp/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2008/10/17/20081017_fuyurin.pdf| language=Japanese| publisher=West Japan Railway| date=17 October 2008| accessdate=19 March 2009| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317225418/http://www.westjr.co.jp/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2008/10/17/20081017_fuyurin.pdf| archivedate=17 March 2009| deadurl=yes| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Eight of the original nine 500 series sets were modified and shortened to 8 cars between 2008 and 2010, and were cascaded to Sanyo Shinkansen ''[[Kodama (train)|Kodama]]'' workings, replacing the earlier [[0 Series Shinkansen|0 series]] sets.<ref>"Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō" magazine February 2008 issue, p74</ref> The first reformed 8-car set was unveiled to the press on 28 March 2008, and the trains entered service on twelve daily ''Kodama'' runs from 1 December 2008.<ref>{{cite web| author=| script-title=ja:平成20年度【冬】の臨時列車の運転について| trans-title=Winter 2008 additional train services| url=http://www.westjr.co.jp/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2008/10/17/20081017_fuyurin.pdf| language=Japanese| publisher=West Japan Railway| date=17 October 2008| accessdate=19 March 2009| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317225418/http://www.westjr.co.jp/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2008/10/17/20081017_fuyurin.pdf| archivedate=17 March 2009| deadurl=yes| df=dmy-all}}</ref>


The maximum operating speed of these trains has been reduced to {{convert|285|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="odekake">{{cite web | author= | script-title=ja:新幹線こだま 500系 |trans_title= Kodama Shinkansen 500 serie | url=http://www.jr-odekake.net/train/kodama_500/index.html | publisher=West Japan Railway | language=Japanese | year=2009 | accessdate=19 March 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090305030540/http://www.jr-odekake.net/train/kodama_500/index.html| archivedate= 5 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
The maximum operating speed of these trains has been reduced to {{convert|285|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="odekake">{{cite web | author= | script-title=ja:新幹線こだま 500系 |trans-title= Kodama Shinkansen 500 serie | url=http://www.jr-odekake.net/train/kodama_500/index.html | publisher=West Japan Railway | language=Japanese | year=2009 | accessdate=19 March 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090305030540/http://www.jr-odekake.net/train/kodama_500/index.html| archivedate= 5 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>


===Formation===
===Formation===
{{As of|2016|04|01}}, the fleet consists of eight 8-car sets (V2 to V9) formed as follows, with car 1 at the Hakata end.<ref name="jrr2016_summer">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2016夏 |trans_title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 2016 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 20 May 2016 |location = Japan |language = Japanese |page = 133|isbn = 978-4-330-68216-7}}</ref>
{{As of|2016|04|01}}, the fleet consists of eight 8-car sets (V2 to V9) formed as follows, with car 1 at the Hakata end.<ref name="jrr2016_summer">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2016夏 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 2016 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 20 May 2016 |location = Japan |language = Japanese |page = 133|isbn = 978-4-330-68216-7}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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===Interior===
===Interior===
Passenger accommodation consists of 3+2 abreast unidirectional seating, with 2+2 abreast seating in car 6 (former Green car). Between October and December 2013, cars 4 and 5 are also scheduled to have the original seating removed and replaced with new 2+2 abreast seating, the same as used in the ''Hikari Rail Star'' 700 series trainsets.<ref name="yomiuri20130826">{{cite web |url= http://osaka.yomiuri.co.jp/e-news/20130826-OYO1T00769.htm|script-title=ja:JR西500系こだま ゆったり|trans_title= JR-West 500 series ''Kodama'' to become roomier|date= 26 August 2013|work= Yomiuri Online|publisher= The Yomiuri Shimbun|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 4 September 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="jrwest20131122">{{cite web |url= http://www.westjr.co.jp/press/article/2013/11/page_4839.html|script-title=ja:500系こだま号の4列シート車両の拡充について|trans_title= Increase in number of 4-abreast seating cars on 500 series Kodama trains|date= 22 November 2013|work= Press Release|publisher= West Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 18 January 2014}}</ref>
Passenger accommodation consists of 3+2 abreast unidirectional seating, with 2+2 abreast seating in car 6 (former Green car). Between October and December 2013, cars 4 and 5 are also scheduled to have the original seating removed and replaced with new 2+2 abreast seating, the same as used in the ''Hikari Rail Star'' 700 series trainsets.<ref name="yomiuri20130826">{{cite web |url= http://osaka.yomiuri.co.jp/e-news/20130826-OYO1T00769.htm|script-title=ja:JR西500系こだま ゆったり|trans-title= JR-West 500 series ''Kodama'' to become roomier|date= 26 August 2013|work= Yomiuri Online|publisher= The Yomiuri Shimbun|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 4 September 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="jrwest20131122">{{cite web |url= http://www.westjr.co.jp/press/article/2013/11/page_4839.html|script-title=ja:500系こだま号の4列シート車両の拡充について|trans-title= Increase in number of 4-abreast seating cars on 500 series Kodama trains|date= 22 November 2013|work= Press Release|publisher= West Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 18 January 2014}}</ref>


All passenger saloons on the 8-car 500 series trains are no-smoking, with new smoking compartments installed in cars 3 and 7.<ref name="jrr2016_summer"/> Cars 1, 3, 5, and 7 are equipped with toilets.<ref name="jrr2016_summer"/>
All passenger saloons on the 8-car 500 series trains are no-smoking, with new smoking compartments installed in cars 3 and 7.<ref name="jrr2016_summer"/> Cars 1, 3, 5, and 7 are equipped with toilets.<ref name="jrr2016_summer"/>
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==Special liveries==
==Special liveries==
[[File:JRW-500 V2 20160320 TYPE EVA in Himeji.jpg|thumb|Set V2 in the special "500 Type Eva" livery in March 2016]]
[[File:JRW-500 V2 20160320 TYPE EVA in Himeji.jpg|thumb|Set V2 in the special "500 Type Eva" livery in March 2016]]
Since 7 November 2015, set V2 runs in a special "500 Type Eva" livery as part of the "Shinkansen:Evangelion Project" tie-up project to mark the 40th anniversary of the Sanyo Shinkansen and the 20th anniversary of the ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' animation series broadcast on TV.<ref name="railfan20151108">{{cite web |url=http://railf.jp/news/2015/11/08/203000.html |script-title=ja:山陽新幹線で「500 TYPE EVA」の運転開始|trans_title= "500 Type Eva" runs on Sanyo Shinkansen|date= 8 November 2015|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205546/http://railf.jp/news/2015/11/08/203000.html|archivedate= 4 March 2016|dead-url=no|accessdate= 16 September 2016}}</ref> Initially planned to operate until March 2017, it is scheduled to remain in this livery until spring 2018.<ref name="mynavi20160916">{{cite web |url= http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2016/09/16/520/ |script-title=ja: JR西日本「500 TYPE EVA」好評で運行期間延長 - 渚カヲルの車内自動放送も|trans_title= JR-West "500 Type Eva" to be extended due to popular demand|first= Yasuhiro|last= Sasaki |date= 16 September 2016|work= Mynavi News|publisher= Mynavi Corporation|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160916232641/http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2016/09/16/520/|archivedate= 16 September 2016|dead-url=no |accessdate= 16 September 2016}}</ref>
Since 7 November 2015, set V2 runs in a special "500 Type Eva" livery as part of the "Shinkansen:Evangelion Project" tie-up project to mark the 40th anniversary of the Sanyo Shinkansen and the 20th anniversary of the ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' animation series broadcast on TV.<ref name="railfan20151108">{{cite web |url=http://railf.jp/news/2015/11/08/203000.html |script-title=ja:山陽新幹線で「500 TYPE EVA」の運転開始|trans-title= "500 Type Eva" runs on Sanyo Shinkansen|date= 8 November 2015|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205546/http://railf.jp/news/2015/11/08/203000.html|archivedate= 4 March 2016|dead-url=no|accessdate= 16 September 2016}}</ref> Initially planned to operate until March 2017, it is scheduled to remain in this livery until spring 2018.<ref name="mynavi20160916">{{cite web |url= http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2016/09/16/520/ |script-title=ja: JR西日本「500 TYPE EVA」好評で運行期間延長 - 渚カヲルの車内自動放送も|trans-title= JR-West "500 Type Eva" to be extended due to popular demand|first= Yasuhiro|last= Sasaki |date= 16 September 2016|work= Mynavi News|publisher= Mynavi Corporation|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160916232641/http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2016/09/16/520/|archivedate= 16 September 2016|dead-url=no |accessdate= 16 September 2016}}</ref>


<gallery mode=nolines>
<gallery mode=nolines>
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==Preserved examples==
==Preserved examples==
[[File:Kyoto railway museum main building 1F 521-1 20160508.jpg|thumb|Car 521-1 at the Kyoto Railway Museum in May 2016]]
[[File:Kyoto railway museum main building 1F 521-1 20160508.jpg|thumb|Car 521-1 at the Kyoto Railway Museum in May 2016]]
Car 521-1, formerly the end car of set W1, is preserved at the [[Kyoto Railway Museum]], which opened in April 2016.<ref name="railfan662">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: 京都鉄道博物館 |trans_title= Kyoto Railway Museum |magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 56|issue = 662 |page = 61 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = Japanese |date = June 2016}}</ref>
Car 521-1, formerly the end car of set W1, is preserved at the [[Kyoto Railway Museum]], which opened in April 2016.<ref name="railfan662">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja: 京都鉄道博物館 |trans-title= Kyoto Railway Museum |magazine = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |volume = 56|issue = 662 |page = 61 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language = Japanese |date = June 2016}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 14:40, 11 November 2017

500 series
16-car 500 series on Nozomi service, May 2008
In service1997–present
ManufacturerHitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo
Replaced0 series
Constructed1995–1998
Refurbished2008–2010
Number built144 vehicles (9 sets)
Number in service64 vehicles (8 sets)
Number preserved1 vehicle
Number scrapped79 vehicles
Formation8 (originally 16) cars per trainset
Fleet numbersV2–V9
Capacity16-car W set: 1,324 (200 Green + 1,124 Standard)
8-car V set: 608
OperatorsJR-West
DepotsHakata
Lines servedSanyo Shinkansen, Hakata-Minami Line
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminium alloy
Car length25,000 mm (82 ft 0 in) (intermediate cars), 27,000 mm (88 ft 7 in) (end cars)
Width3,380 mm (11 ft 1 in)
Height3,690 mm (12 ft 1 in)
Maximum speedW set: 300 km/h (186 mph) (Sanyō)
V set: 285 km/h (177 mph)
Design speed: 320 km/h (199 mph)
Traction system(AC) WMT204 64 x 285 kW (382 hp) (set W1)/275 kW (369 hp) (set W2 onward)[1]
Power output18.24 MW (24,460 hp) (set W1), 17.60 MW (23,600 hp) (set W2 onward)
Acceleration1.6 km/h/s (0.44 m·s−2) [2]
1.92 km/h/s (0.53 m·s−2) (High acceleration mode)[2]
Deceleration2.7 km/h/s (0.75 m·s−2)
Electric system(s)25 kV AC, 60 Hz overhead catenary
Current collector(s)W set: "T"-style current collector
V set: Pantograph
Safety system(s)ATC-1, ATC-NS
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in)

The 500 series (500系, Gohyaku-kei) is a Shinkansen high-speed train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) on the Tokaido Shinkansen and Sanyo Shinkansen lines in Japan.[3] They were designed to be capable of 320 km/h (200 mph)* but operated at 300 km/h (185 mph)*, until they were finally retired from the primary Nozomi service in 2010. The trainsets were then refurbished and downgraded to the all-stations Kodama service between Shin-Osaka and Hakata.

Overview

The general design concept was overseen by German industrial designer Alexander Neumeister.[4] The running gear utilizes computer-controlled active suspension[5] for a smoother, safer ride, and yaw dampers are fitted between cars for improved stability. All sixteen cars in each original trainset were powered, giving a maximum of 18.24 MW (24,460 hp). Each train cost an estimated 5 billion yen, and only nine were built.

16-car W sets

First announced by JR-West in September 1994,[6] the first set was delivered for testing in 1995, entering passenger service in March 1997. The entire fleet of nine sets was delivered by 1998. It was the first Shinkansen train in Japan to operate at a maximum speed of 300 km/h (185 mph)* in regular passenger service. Besides the premium Nozomi services, 16-car trains were also used on Hikari Rail Star services during the busy holiday periods.

With the steady increase in the number of N700 Series Shinkansen since 2007, the 500 series were gradually retired from the Nozomi services. The last 500 series Nozomi run took place on 28 February 2010.[7]

Formation

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Designation Mc M1 Mp M2 M' M1 Mp Ms2 Ms M1s Mpkh M2 M' M1 Mp M2c
Numbering 521-xx 526-xx 527-xx 528-xx 525-xx 526-xx 527-4xx 518-xx 515-xx 516-xx 527-7xx 528-7xx 525-xx 526-xx 527-xx 522-xx
Seating capacity 53 100 90 100 95 100 75 68 64 68 63 100 95 100 90 63

Cars 8 to 10 were "Green" (first class) cars. Cars 5 and 13 each had one "T"-style current collector.[8]

Interior

8-car V sets (500-7000 series)

8-car 500 series Kodama set at Himeji Station, August 2009

Eight of the original nine 500 series sets were modified and shortened to 8 cars between 2008 and 2010, and were cascaded to Sanyo Shinkansen Kodama workings, replacing the earlier 0 series sets.[9] The first reformed 8-car set was unveiled to the press on 28 March 2008, and the trains entered service on twelve daily Kodama runs from 1 December 2008.[10]

The maximum operating speed of these trains has been reduced to 285 km/h (177 mph).[11]

Formation

As of 1 April 2016, the fleet consists of eight 8-car sets (V2 to V9) formed as follows, with car 1 at the Hakata end.[12]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Designation Mc M1 Mp M2 M M1 Mpkh M2c
Numbering 521-70xx 526-70xx 527-70xx 528-70xx 525-70xx 526-72xx 527-77xx 522-70xx
Formerly 521 (car 1) 526 (car 2) 527 (car 3) 528 (car 4) 525 (car 13) 516 (car 10) 527-700 (car 11) 522 (car 16)
Seating capacity 53 100 78 100 95 68 51 63

Cars 2 and 7 each have one single-arm pantograph.[12]

Interior

Passenger accommodation consists of 3+2 abreast unidirectional seating, with 2+2 abreast seating in car 6 (former Green car). Between October and December 2013, cars 4 and 5 are also scheduled to have the original seating removed and replaced with new 2+2 abreast seating, the same as used in the Hikari Rail Star 700 series trainsets.[13][14]

All passenger saloons on the 8-car 500 series trains are no-smoking, with new smoking compartments installed in cars 3 and 7.[12] Cars 1, 3, 5, and 7 are equipped with toilets.[12]

Special liveries

Set V2 in the special "500 Type Eva" livery in March 2016

Since 7 November 2015, set V2 runs in a special "500 Type Eva" livery as part of the "Shinkansen:Evangelion Project" tie-up project to mark the 40th anniversary of the Sanyo Shinkansen and the 20th anniversary of the Neon Genesis Evangelion animation series broadcast on TV.[15] Initially planned to operate until March 2017, it is scheduled to remain in this livery until spring 2018.[16]

Interior

Preserved examples

Car 521-1 at the Kyoto Railway Museum in May 2016

Car 521-1, formerly the end car of set W1, is preserved at the Kyoto Railway Museum, which opened in April 2016.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ Railway Journal. Japan: 46. May 2008.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  2. ^ a b Railway Journal: 36. September 2007.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  3. ^ JR全車両ハンドブック2006 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 2006.
  4. ^ 新幹線 車両大全 [Shinkansen Cars Encyclopedia]. Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications Ltd. November 2011. pp. 96–121. ISBN 978-4-86320-526-0.
  5. ^ http://www.rtri.or.jp/eng/publish/newsletter/pdf/01/RTA-01-05.pdf
  6. ^ Semmens, Peter (1997). High Speed in Japan: Shinkansen - The World's Busiest High-speed Railway. Sheffield, UK: Platform 5 Publishing. ISBN 1-872524-88-5.
  7. ^ "Train fans bid farewell to Nozomi bullet train service". Japan Today. 1 March 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2010. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  8. ^ JR電車編成表 2010夏 [JR EMU Formations - Summer 2010]. Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. May 2010. ISBN 978-4-330-14310-1.
  9. ^ "Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō" magazine February 2008 issue, p74
  10. ^ 平成20年度【冬】の臨時列車の運転について [Winter 2008 additional train services] (PDF) (in Japanese). West Japan Railway. 17 October 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ 新幹線こだま 500系 [Kodama Shinkansen 500 serie] (in Japanese). West Japan Railway. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 19 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ a b c d JR電車編成表 2016夏 [JR EMU Formations - Summer 2016] (in Japanese). Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 20 May 2016. p. 133. ISBN 978-4-330-68216-7.
  13. ^ JR西500系こだま ゆったり [JR-West 500 series Kodama to become roomier]. Yomiuri Online (in Japanese). Japan: The Yomiuri Shimbun. 26 August 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.[dead link]
  14. ^ 500系こだま号の4列シート車両の拡充について [Increase in number of 4-abreast seating cars on 500 series Kodama trains]. Press Release (in Japanese). Japan: West Japan Railway Company. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  15. ^ 山陽新幹線で「500 TYPE EVA」の運転開始 ["500 Type Eva" runs on Sanyo Shinkansen]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 8 November 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Sasaki, Yasuhiro (16 September 2016). JR西日本「500 TYPE EVA」好評で運行期間延長 - 渚カヲルの車内自動放送も [JR-West "500 Type Eva" to be extended due to popular demand]. Mynavi News (in Japanese). Japan: Mynavi Corporation. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ 京都鉄道博物館 [Kyoto Railway Museum]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 56, no. 662. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. June 2016. p. 61.