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→Wiki Project Draft - Koreans in Japan: Zainichi industry - pachinko
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Zainichi North Koreans are allowed to vote and eligible for election in North Korea if they are 17 years old or older.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s02.megalodon.jp/2009-0527-2130-01/www1.korea-np.co.jp/sinboj/j-2009/04/0904j0313-00008.htm|title=〈最高人民会議代議員選挙〉解説 朝鮮の選挙 立候補から当選まで|last=|first=|date=|website=朝鮮新報|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
Zainichi North Koreans are allowed to vote and eligible for election in North Korea if they are 17 years old or older.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://s02.megalodon.jp/2009-0527-2130-01/www1.korea-np.co.jp/sinboj/j-2009/04/0904j0313-00008.htm|title=〈最高人民会議代議員選挙〉解説 朝鮮の選挙 立候補から当選まで|last=|first=|date=|website=朝鮮新報|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>


==== Korean School ====
==== Korean school ====
Due to issues described above, the number of students at Korean schools run by Chongryon has declined by 67%, and many of the children of Zainichi Koreans choose to go to orthodox Japanese schools.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shipper|first=Apichai|date=|title=Nationalisms of and Against Zainichi Koreans in Japan|url=http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/Nationalisms_of_and_against_Zainichi.pdf|journal=Asian Politics & Policy|volume=2|pages=55-75|via=}}</ref>
Due to issues described above, the number of students at Korean schools run by Chongryon has declined by 67%, and many of the children of Zainichi Koreans choose to go to orthodox Japanese schools.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shipper|first=Apichai|date=|title=Nationalisms of and Against Zainichi Koreans in Japan|url=http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/Nationalisms_of_and_against_Zainichi.pdf|journal=Asian Politics & Policy|volume=2|pages=55-75|via=}}</ref>

=== Zainichi industry (new section) ===
It is said that Zainichi Koreans mainly engage in pachinko, restaurants, construction, and civil engineering.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chosunonline.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/01/31/2017013101539.html|title=在日コリアンの２信用組合が３月合併　業界１２位に|access-date=2017-11-20|language=ja}}</ref> Discrimination against Zainichi Koreans in hiring pushed them into so-called 3Ds (dirty, dangerous, and demeaning) industry.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yim|first=Young-Eon|date=December 2008|title=The Study on Categorization of Japanese-Korean Entrepreneurs by their Motivation for Entrepreneurship|url=http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/re/k-rsc/ras/04_publications/ria_ja/28_07.pdf|journal=立命館国際地域研究|volume=28|pages=111-129|via=}}</ref> Annual sales of pachinko had been about 30 trillion yen since 1993, and Zainichi Koreans and Chongryon accounted for 90% of them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://japanese.joins.com/article/228/94228.html?sectcode=&servcode=|title=日本、パチンコ発金融危機？ {{!}} Joongang Ilbo {{!}} 中央日報|website=japanese.joins.com|language=ja|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref> However, the pachinko industry is shrinking because the Japanese government imposed stricter regulations. The number of pachinko parlors decreased by 9.5% between 2012 and 2016 the number of people who enjoy pachinko dropped to less than 9.4 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://biz-journal.jp/2017/08/post_20374.html|title=パチンコ業界、本格的衰退が始まった…各社軒並み売上激減、「出玉規制」が追い打ち - ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal {{!}} ビジネスの本音に迫る|website=ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal {{!}} ビジネスの本音に迫る|language=ja-JP|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>

Revision as of 03:55, 20 November 2017

Article evaluation

Article I chose

"Liancourt Rocks"

Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

Yes, everything in the article is relevant to its topic, and nothing distracted me.

Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented? 

It is neutral. Both Japanese and Korean names of the islets are redirected to this article, which implies it respect both of them. Also, when someone initiated discussion about changing the title of the article, contributors agreed to keep the neutral name. Even in Japanese version, editors were against a modification solely based on the claim made by the Japanese government.

Some of the links are broken, especially ones to the Korean government websites.

Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

The section about the territorial conflict between Japan and South Korea does not use proper citations.

The article uses a lot of Korean sources and some non-Asian ones but few Japanese ones. Most non-Asian sources look neutral. The sources published by the Japanese government are biased because they makes the claim that Takeshima (Japanese name for Liancourt Rocks) is under Japanese sovereignty, but the editors do not use them in the section that has controversy. I cannot judge articles written in Korean.

Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

Information about climate and ecology is out of date because it comes from sources made more than ten years ago. The section about the history can be added because the Japanese version has more useful sources and information. There is another article about the territorial conflict between Japan and Korea, and it covers history of the rocks.

Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

As I mentioned in the third answer, the contributors talked about the name of the article. A Korean person claimed that the article should be named Dokdo (Korean name for Liancourt Rocks) because Korea has stronger evidence. However, others evaluated the evidence provided by that person and concluded it was biased. Finally, they reached an agreement to use Liancourt Rocks as the title of the article.

How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class (if we have)? What is your overall impression of the article?

While students may express mere opinions based on their feelings, Wikipedia tries to be objective by using only facts confirmed by reliable sources; most of the statements are supported by outside sources. I felt Wikipedia is also different from research papers I have written in college because it does not intend to make any claims though I have been taught research papers must be argumentative. I think those characteristics makes Wikipedia a fact-based website.

Choose your topic / Find your sources

Article I chose

Koreans in Japan

How to contribute?

  • Adding citations.
  • Expanding some sections such as "Newcomers" and "Registration of residents."
  • Translating sections that English version does not have but Japanese version has.

List of relevant, reliable sources

  • 木村 幹 [Kan Kimura]. 総力戦体制期の朝鮮半島に関する一考察 -- 人的動員を中心にして [Analysis of Korean Peninsula during the total war era in World War II -- focusing on conscription]. 日韓歴史共同研究報告書. 第3分科篇 下巻 [Vol 2 of Report of Japan–South Korea Joint History Research Project - Modern History]. Tokyo: THE JAPAN-KOREA CULTURAL FOUNDATION, 2005.
  • The Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University, ed. The Labour Year Book of Japan special ed. Tokyo: Toyo Keizai, 1964.
  • Shipper, Apichai W. "Nationalisms of and Against Zainichi Koreans in Japan." Asian Politics & Policy 2, no 1 (2010). doi: 10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01167.x
  • Suzuki, Kazuo. "KOREANS IN JAPAN (ZAINICHI KOREANS)" ExEAS Teaching Materials and Resources. Columbia University. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/weai/exeas/resources/koreans-in-japan.html
  • Tamura, Toshiyuki. "The Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in the Japanese Economy." Institute for International Economics. https://piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/365/5iie3586.pdf

Wiki Project Draft - Koreans in Japan

History

Overview (new section)

The modern flow of Koreans to Japan started from Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876 and had increased dramatically since 1920. During World War II, … South Korean government.

The statistics regarding … arrived in Japan.

Origin Before World War II (rename the section)

After the conclusion of Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876, Korean students and asylum seeker started to come to Japan, including Bak Yeonghyo, Kim Ok-gyun, and Song Byeong-jun. There were about 800 Koreans living in Japan before Japan annexed Korea.[1] In the 1920s, the demand for labor in Japan was high while Koreans had some difficulty in finding jobs. This coincidence of interests boosted the migration to Japan. Majority of the immigrants consisted of farmers from the southern part of Korea.[2] The number of Koreans in Japan in 1930 was more than ten times larger than that of 1920 reaching 419,000.[1] However, jobs they could get were mainly physical labor due to their poor education, and they worked with discriminated minority people.[2]

Before World War II, the Japanese Government tried to reduce the number of incoming Koreans because it caused unemployment in the mainland of Japan. Therefore, the Japanese government devoted resource to Korean Peninsula.[3]

During World War II

In 1939, the Japanese government introduced the National Manpower Mobilization Act and conscripted Koreans to deal with labor shortages due to World War II.[4]

After World War II

After World War II, Koreans entered Japan illegally due to an unstable political situation and economic hardship in Korean Peninsula. For example, 20,000 of Koreans fled from Jeju Island after Jeju uprising and in 1948.[5] Yeosu-Suncheon rebellion also increased the illegal immigration to Japan.[6] It is said that 90 % of illegal immigrants were Koreans between 1946-1949.[7] During Koran War, Korean immigrants came to Japan to avoid torture and dictatorship by the Korean government.[8] Examples of people who left Korea because of its economy include Masayoshi Son’s family and Han Chang-u.[9][10]

Fishers and brokers helped immigrants enter Japan via Tsushima.[11][12] In the 1950s, Japan Coast Guard secured the border with Korea, but it was hard to capture illegal immigrants because they were armed while Japan Coast Guard was not due to the status as a defeated country of World War II. At that period, only one-fifth of the immigrants were arrested.[13]

The Japanese government also struggled over debts of imported foods part of which were used to feed Zainichi Koreans and an increasing number of criminal cases involving Koreans. In Official Correspondence of 1949, Shigeru Yoshida, the prime minister of Japan, proposed the deportation of all Zainichi Koreans to Douglas Macarthur and said the Japanese government would pay all of the cost. Yoshida claimed that it was unfair for Japan to purchase food for illegal Zainichi Koreans most of whom did not contribute to the Japanese economy and that many of Koreans committed political crimes cooperating with communists.[14]

Newcomers

South Korea allowed its students to study abroad freely in 1980, and people older than forty-four to travel abroad in 1987.[15][16] One year after Seoul Olympic, traveling abroad was liberalized.[16] When Expo 2005 was held, the Japanese government had a visa waiver program with South Korea for a limited period under the condition that visitors’ purpose is sightseeing or business and later extended it permanently.[17] Oldcomers tend to exclude newcomers from existing Korean organizations, especially mindan, so newcomers created a new one called the Association of South Korean Residents in Japan.[18][19]

Division between Chongryon and Mindan Korean Organization in Japan – Chongryon and Mindan (move to new section)

Integration into Japanese Society

Registration of residents

After Zainichi Koreans lost Japanese nationality, the Immigration Control Act of 1951 and the Alien Registration Law of 1952 required them to be fingerprinted and to carry a certificate of registration as other foreigners did. The Permanent Residents by Accord of 1965 allowed Zainichi Koreans who had lived in Japan since the colonial period to apply for permanent residency, but their descendants could not. 26 years later, the Japanese Diet passed the Special Law on Immigration Control and categorized Zainichi Koreans who have lived without any gap since the end of World War II or before and their lineal descendants as Special Permanent Residents.[1] The fingerprint requirement for Zainichi Koreans was terminated by 1993.[2]

Right to vote and government employment

There had been a discussion about Zainichi South Koreans’ right to vote in South Korea. Since Special Permanent Residents are exempted from military service and taxes, the South Korean government was reluctant to give them the right to vote arguing they did not register as residents though it thought most people agree on granting the right to vote to short-stay South Korean travelers. On the other hand, Zainichi South Koreans claimed that they should be granted it because Constitution of South Korea guarantees anyone having South Korean nationality has right to vote.[20] In 2007, the Constitution Court of South Korea concluded all South Korean nationals must have the right to vote in South Korea even though they are permanent residents of any other countries.[21][22]

Zainichi North Koreans are allowed to vote and eligible for election in North Korea if they are 17 years old or older.[23]

Korean school

Due to issues described above, the number of students at Korean schools run by Chongryon has declined by 67%, and many of the children of Zainichi Koreans choose to go to orthodox Japanese schools.[24]

Zainichi industry (new section)

It is said that Zainichi Koreans mainly engage in pachinko, restaurants, construction, and civil engineering.[25] Discrimination against Zainichi Koreans in hiring pushed them into so-called 3Ds (dirty, dangerous, and demeaning) industry.[26] Annual sales of pachinko had been about 30 trillion yen since 1993, and Zainichi Koreans and Chongryon accounted for 90% of them.[27] However, the pachinko industry is shrinking because the Japanese government imposed stricter regulations. The number of pachinko parlors decreased by 9.5% between 2012 and 2016 the number of people who enjoy pachinko dropped to less than 9.4 million.[28]

  1. ^ a b c Tamura, Toshiyuki. "The Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in the Japanese Economy" (PDF). Institute for International Economics. Retrieved November 19, 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  2. ^ a b c "FSI | SPICE - Koreans in Japan". spice.fsi.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  3. ^ Kimura, Kan. "総力戦体制期の朝鮮半島に関する一考察 ―人的動員を中心にして―" (PDF). 日韓歴史共同研究報告書. 第3分科篇 下巻. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help); no-break space character in |website= at position 13 (help)
  4. ^ "ExEAS - Teaching Materials and Resources". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  5. ^ 光彦, 木村 (2016). "日本帝国と東アジア" (PDF). Institute of Statistical Research. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. ^ "【その時の今日】「在日朝鮮人」北送事業が始まる | Joongang Ilbo | 中央日報". japanese.joins.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  7. ^ 昭和27年02月27日 13-参-地方行政委 鈴木一の発言 「一昨年の十月から入国管理庁が発足いたしまして約一年間の間に三千百九十名という朝鮮人を送り帰しておる。今の密入国の大半は、九〇％は朝鮮人でございます」
  8. ^ "asahi.com：拷問・戦争・独裁逃れ…在日女性６０年ぶり済州島に帰郷へ - 社会". 2008-04-01. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  9. ^ 1947-, Sano, Shin'ichi,; 1947-, 佐野眞一, (2012). Anpon : Son Masayoshi den (Shohan ed.). Tōkyō: Shōgakkan. ISBN 4093882312. OCLC 773563379. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "地震復旧基金に１００億ウォン寄付…在日同胞の韓昌祐マルハン会長 | Joongang Ilbo | 中央日報". japanese.joins.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  11. ^ 沙羅, 朴 (November 25, 2013). "境界を具体化する占領期日本への「密航」からみる入国 管理政策と「外国人」概念の再編( Digest_要約 )" (PDF). Kyoto University Research Information Repository. Retrieved November 19, 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  12. ^ 昭和25年11月01日 8-衆-外務委「朝鮮人の密入国は 対馬を基点といたしまして、その周辺の各県にまたがる地域が圧倒的数字を示しており、 大体全国総数の七割ないし八割が同方面によつて占められているという状況であります。」
  13. ^ "密航4ルートの動態　日韓結ぶ海の裏街道　潜入はお茶のこ　捕わる者僅か2割". 産業経済新聞. June 28, 1950. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  14. ^ Yoshida Shigeru = Makkāsā ōfuku shokanshū 1945-1951. Sodei, Rinjirō, 1932-, 袖井林二郎, 1932- (Shohan ed.). Tōkyō: Hōsei Daigaku Shuppankyoku. 2000. ISBN 4588625098. OCLC 45861035.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  15. ^ 長島, 万里子 (April 2011). "韓国の留学生政策とその変遷" (PDF). ウェブマガジン『留学交流』. 1: 1–10.
  16. ^ a b "成長期を迎えた巨大旅行市場『中国』へのアプローチ（２） 2009/01/23(金) 13:56:13 [サーチナ]". archive.fo. 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  17. ^ "韓国人への短期ビザ免除を恒久化 - nikkansports.com". www.nikkansports.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  18. ^ "'新・旧'在日韓国人　民団とどのように関わるか 民団中央大会を前にしたオールドカマー・ニューカマーの声". One Korea Daily News. February 18, 2009. Archived from the original on February 22, 2009. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  19. ^ zenaplus.jp. "재일본한국인연합회". www.haninhe.com. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  20. ^ "재외국민에 참정권 부여 않는건 위헌 ?". www.munhwa.com. Retrieved 2017-11-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  21. ^ 白井, 京 (September 2009). "韓国の公職選挙法改正―在外国民への選挙権付与" (PDF). 国立国会図書館調査及び立法考査局. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  22. ^ チャン, サンジン (June 29, 2007). "憲法裁、在外国民の参政権制限に違憲判決". Chusun Online. Archived from the original on January 31, 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  23. ^ "〈最高人民会議代議員選挙〉解説 朝鮮の選挙 立候補から当選まで". 朝鮮新報. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  24. ^ Shipper, Apichai. "Nationalisms of and Against Zainichi Koreans in Japan" (PDF). Asian Politics & Policy. 2: 55–75.
  25. ^ "在日コリアンの２信用組合が３月合併　業界１２位に" (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  26. ^ Yim, Young-Eon (December 2008). "The Study on Categorization of Japanese-Korean Entrepreneurs by their Motivation for Entrepreneurship" (PDF). 立命館国際地域研究. 28: 111–129.
  27. ^ "日本、パチンコ発金融危機？ | Joongang Ilbo | 中央日報". japanese.joins.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-11-20.
  28. ^ "パチンコ業界、本格的衰退が始まった…各社軒並み売上激減、「出玉規制」が追い打ち - ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal | ビジネスの本音に迫る". ビジネスジャーナル/Business Journal | ビジネスの本音に迫る (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-11-20.
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